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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathogenicity
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Disease causing potential
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Virulence
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The degree of pathogenicity
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Is Virulent have a high or low pathogenicity?
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High
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Temporate or Avirulent means what?
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Low pathogenicity
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Where does Bacteria reproduce?
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Most produce outside the cell
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What is unique about group 9
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They reproduce inside the cell.
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What is an example of and Obligate Intra-cellular Parasite?
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Rickettsia and Chlamydia and Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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Where do Viruses reproduce?
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Inside the cell
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The ability to enter and maintain an infection in the host is what?
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Invasiveness Features
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Glycolax is also known as
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the cell coat
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Cell Wall is made up of
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Peptidoglycan
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Which, either Gram positive or Gram negative has a tougher Cell Wall
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Gram +
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Endospores are what
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Dormant protective structures
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What is an example of an endospore disease
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Bacillus or Clostridium
(Anthrax) (Tetanus) |
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Cysts
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Protozoa resistant stuctures
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What is an example of a disease caused by a cyst
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Beaver Fever
Ameobic Dysentery |
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Acid resistant capsids
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Stand up really well in the stomach because they can tolerate a very high level of ACID
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What does Enterovirus mean
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intestinal viruses
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What is the most common cause of Diarehha?
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Rotavirus
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Norwalk Virus is Also known as
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Norovirus, it comes from cruise ships, makes you very sick and is very contagious
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Why is tissue penetration so effective
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it injests it's way into your tissues, it also breaks down the "glue" or collogen that holds the cells together
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Where else can tissue penetration be used?
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it is found on the head of the sperm
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Multiplicity means
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Many forms of the infecting agent
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What are some examples of Cold Viruses
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Rhinon
Adenon Coron Virus |
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What does SARS stand for
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
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Mutagenicity
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one type of infecting agent that is always changing
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What is an example of a virus that has mutagenicity
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The Flu virus
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Leukocidins
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chemicals which destroy White Blood Cells
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Parasitic Pilli
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Attach to your cells and infect you
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Toxigenicity
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the ability to make you sick
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Exotoxins
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Secreted proteins which are powerful and specific
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True or false: Tetanus is caused by Clostridium
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True
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What kind of paralysis is caused by tetanus
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Rigid paralysis
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Botulism is what?
What kind of paralysis is caused by it? |
food borne illness
causes flaccid paralysis |
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where does Botulism come from
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Incorrectly prepared canned foods
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What is diphtheria?
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a respiratory infection
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Normal Flora
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Co-existance with Micro-organisms
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Symbiosis
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life together
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Parasitism
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One benifits and one is harmed
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Kochs Postulates
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proves the germ theory
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Reservoir of Infection (Carrier)
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a source of infection. Humans can be carriers
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Epidemiology
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The study of disease population
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CDC and MMWR
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Center for disease control
Morbidity and Mortality weekly rate |
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Morbidity and Mortality
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Disease, death
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Portal of Entry
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the root of infection
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Microbiota
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Comes and goes, co-exist with Microorganisms
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Typhoid Mary Mallon
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Occurred in New York : Families coming down with this. Bacteria comes from salmonella typhi. Mary got this as a kid, recovered and became a carrier. She was a cook/ housekeeper and killed over 200 people.
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1st line of Defense
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Physical Barriers
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Skin
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Good barrier to infection but does not block parasitic worms
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Respiratory tract barriers
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Mucocilliary escalator
Baffles cough and sneezes vibrissae |
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Mucocilliary Escalators
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Cillia moves mucus up and out of respiratory tract.
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How fast/much do you move out of your mucociliary escalator in one min
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1-3cm/min Smoking can inhibit the cillia
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Baffles
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Curves in the system lots of curves in lungs and lots of impaction which stops material from getting into lower airways
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Cough and sneeze
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Occurs when you breathe something in and then mechanically eject it from your body.
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Vibrissae
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Whiskers in nose
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Stomach Acid has a pH of what
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pH of 2
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Body Fluid Washing
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The eyes have tears which wash out eyes also through sweat, saliva, urine, and earwax
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Where are tears washed out
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Lacrimal glands
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BBB
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Blood Brain Barrier
protects the brain and spinal cord. Also known as the CNS |
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RES
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Reticuloendothelial system
found in the bone marrow |
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The 2nd Line of defense
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Innate Immunity
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What is Innate Immunity
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Born with it, takes on invaders, causes more of a reaction
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Lysosome
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Degrative enzyme found in all body fluid and cells
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Phagocytic Cells
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Eat things/White blood cells (leukocytes)
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Neutrophils
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most common WBC 60-70%
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Macrophages
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Big eaters move by pseudopodia diapedesis
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Inflammatory response
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Can be a good thing even though it causes discomfort
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Trigger
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The tissue injury
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Mediators
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Chemicals which cause inflamation
Histamine is the most well know |
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where are Kupfer cells found
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in the liver
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What are some effects of the inflamatory response
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Vasodialation& leaking vessles
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Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
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redness, heat, swelling and pain
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Productive results
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If tissue injury is due to an invader then this is a good result
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Proteins of resistance
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Produced by the liver, and then released by the blood stream
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Opsonins
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protien which stimulates phagocytosis sticks to bacteria (macrophages and nutrifills)
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Properdins
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to destroy uses Lytic protiens (1,2,3)
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Complement
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helps immune system destroy invader (C1-C11)
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What is the third line of defense
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The Immune system
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Tailored response
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Tailored to the invader
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Can the complement system even help with parasitic worms
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Yes!
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Diapedesis
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Move through or move around
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Species
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there are certain microorganisms that can affect us because of our species, others cannot infect us because it is not the same species
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Acquired
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always involves the immune system function
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Active Natural
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you get sick and eventually create an immunity to it
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Active Artificial
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Injections like a vaccine
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Passive Natral
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must be passed to you
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Passive Artificial
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injection of anti-bodies
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Immunoglobulin Fetal and newborn Immunity
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IgG---> Placneta-->fetal immunity
IgA-->Mothers Milk--> Newborn Immunity |
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Staph
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most common cause of food poisoning causes intestinal problems
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Endotoxins are usually Gram + or Gram -
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Gram -
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what does pyrogenic mean
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fever causing
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typhoid is caused by what
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Salmonella Typhi
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Salmonellosis is caused by
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Salmonella enteritis
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Where does salmonella come from
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improperly cooked chicken and eggs
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psudomonas
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causes sepsis
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Septic Shock
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Loss of Blood Pressure
Vasodilation This is really bad |
