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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are effective alternatives for patients with a penicillin allergy?
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Vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin
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Can you mix PCN with aminoglycosides in same IV?
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No, PCN inactivates the aminoglycoside
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what gen of cephalosporins is highly resistant to beta lactamase?
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3rd/4th gen
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What gen of cephalosporins is more active against gram negative bacteria, and are able to penetrate the csf?
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3rd/4th gen
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How should vanco be administered?
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intermittent infusion over 90 minutes
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Adverse effects of tetracyclines?
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GI irritation, stained teeth, suppression of long bone growth, superinfection, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, photosensitivity
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What is red man syndrome?
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infusing vanco too fast causes it: rash, itchy, HR inc, hypotension
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Major uses for doxycycline
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Lyme disease, anthrax, chlamydia, periodontal disease
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Therapeutc use for macrolides?
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Pneumonia, pertussis, diptheria, chlamydia, bird flu, resp tract infections
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Name the major macrolides.
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Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, dirythromycin
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What is the major adverse effect of chloramphenicol?
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Gray Syndrome (vomiting, abd distension, gray skin), Irreversible bone marrow suppression
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What do you use parenteral aminoglycosides for?
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To treat serious aerobic gram neg infections, esp. p. aeuginosa and e coli
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When are peak levels drawn?
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30 minutes after IM or 30 mins after IV infusion ends
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When are trough levels drawn?
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For divided doses: take immediately prior to next dose
For single doses: take 1 hour before next dose |
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What are signs of ototoxicity?
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HA, tinnitis, dizzy, can't hear high frequencies, caused by trough levels that are too high
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aDVERSE EFFECTS OF SULFONAMIDES
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Stevens Johnson Syndrome (hypersensitivity), kernicterus
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Bactrim increases levels of which drugs?
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warfarin, phenytoion, sulfonyluria type hypoglycemics
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Which drug makes pee brown?
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Nitrofurantoin
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Can nitrofurantoin be given to ppl with diminished renal function?
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No bc it causes toxicity and not enough is excreted in the urine to work
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If youre on INH you need to )_____the dose of your phenytoin.
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decrease
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Which TB drug causes optic neuritis?
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Ethambutol and INH
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Can cipro or any other fluoroquinolone be given to kids, or pregnant/nursing moms?
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No-it causes tendon rupture in kids and damages cartilage in moms
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What happens if Flagyl and alcohol are combined?
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Antabuse type reaction
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Adverse effects of amphotericin B (DOC for systemic mycoses)?
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toxic to kidneys, hypokalemia, infision rxns, bone marrow suppression
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What happens when you mix antifungals with statins?
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rhabdomyolysis (muscle degeneration)
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Why are solid tumors generally unresponsive to chemo?
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Bc they have a low growth fraction
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What is stomatitis?
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inflammation of the oral mucosa
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How does chemo cause N/V?
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Stimulates the chemoreceptor trigger zone
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When do chemo patients regrow their hair?
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1-2 months after last tx
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How are chemo drugs known as vesicants administered?
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IV push through sidearm in freely flowing IV line
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What is extravasion?
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necrosis and sloughing of tissue
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What are the miajot side effects of levodopa?
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N/V movement disorders, postural hypotension, dysrhythmias, psychosis, darkened sweat and urine
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What is the MOA of antiepileptic drugs?
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suppresses sodium and calcium influx, blocks glutamate, potentiates GABA
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Therapeutic serum range for dilantin?
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10-20
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How is IV dilantin administered?
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slowly in dilute solution of NS. Do not mix with other med
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How many mg/min dilantin can be administered?
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no more than 50mg/min to prevent cardiac collapse
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MAjor side effects of carbamezipine (antiepileptic)
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water retention, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatic inducer
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Adverse effects of valproic acid
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weight gain, GI problems
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CLinical manifestatuions of liver injury to warn pts of taking valproic acid
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Jaundice, decreased appetite, malaise, nausea, abdominal pain
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What happens when mu receptors are activated?
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CNS depression, euphoria
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Why is demerol used in pts who have had biliary surgery instead of morphine?
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BC demerol is less likely to cause biliary colic
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What is ergotism?
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toxicity of ergot alkaloids for headache: causes gangrene and tingly extremities
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Can pregnant moms take ergot headache meds?
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NO-causes contractions
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What are the chest symptoms associated with triptans? Adverse effect of greatest concern?
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HEavy arms, chest pressure.
Coronary vasospasm |
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Should you use a triptan with an ergot alkaloid?
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NO. PRolonged vasospasm.
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Can you use a triptan with an MAOI?
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No. triptan toxicity.
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What does estrogen do to bone?
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Positive effect on bone mass. blocks resorption, promotes long bone growth in young girls.
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