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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
-2 types of skull fractures typically identified in the newborn are:
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linear fractures
and depressed fractures (skull injury) |
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-unless a blood vessel is involved, linear fractures heal without special treatment
true or false |
true
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-depressed fractures, or ping pong ball indentations, may result from? (2)
what is done to rule out bone fragments of underling injury of brain tissue |
difficult births from pressure of the head on the bony pelvis. they also occur as a result of application of forceps.
a CT scan |
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-what is the bone most often factured during birth
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clavicle
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-dystocia, particularly shoulder impaction, is a risk factor in clavicular fracture. other risk factors include: (2)
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vacuum extraction
birth wt greater than 4000g |
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daignostic modalities for broken clavicle? -3
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limitation of motion of the arm,
crepitus over the bone, absence of the Moro reflex on the affected side |
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-treatment for fractured clavicle?
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gentle handling, no accepted treatment exists
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Macrosomia
-infant presents with what does their face look like? what does their body look like? what is unique about their organs? what is uniqure about the placenta and umbilical cord? |
a round face,
chubby body, flushed complexion, enlarged internal organs, placenta and umbilical cord are larger than average |
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Macrosomia
-b/c insulin does not cross the BBB, what is the only organ that is not enlarged |
brain
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Macrosomia is typically caused by?
as the nutrients cross the placenta.......the fetal pancreas responds by |
producing insulin to match the fuel supply. the resulting accelerated protein synthesis, together with a deposition of excessive glycogen and fat stores
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Macrosomia
-the infant is most at risk for -4 |
hypoglycemia,
hypocalcemia, hyperviscosity, hyperbilirubinemia |
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-multisystem disease caused by a parasite commonly found in cats, dogs, pigs, sheep, cattle
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Toxoplasmosis
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-the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in the neonate is supported by elevated levels of
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cord blood serum IgM
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Toxoplasmosis
-most neonates (70%) infected with this parasite in utero may be asymptomatic at birth, but in approx 50% ______--develops, and in 40% CNS involvement such as __________develops in the weeks and months after birth |
chorioretinitis
hydrocephalus |
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Toxoplasmosis
-clinical features include 3 key findings: |
hydrocephalus or microcephaly;
chorioretinitis; cerebral calcifications |
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-severe toxoplasmosis is associated with
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preterm birth,
growth restriction, microcephaly or hydrocephaly, microphthalmos, chorioretinits, CNS calcification, thrombocytopenia, jaundice and fevere. |
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petechiae or a maculopapular rash may be evident with what TORCH infection?
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severe toxoplasmosis
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-reducing the incidence of gonorrhea is done with what:
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silver nitrate or antibiotics
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Gonorrhea
-after the rupture of membranes ascending infection can result in contamination of the fetus true or false |
true
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Gonorrhea
-contamination may occur as the infant passes through the birth canal, or it may occur postnatally from an infected adult true or false |
true
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Gonorrhea
-eye prophylaxis is administered at or shortly after birth to prevent |
ophthalmia neonatorum.
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-the infant with a mild infection often recovers completely with appropriate treatment, such as neonatal ceftiaxone
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-the infant with a mild infection often recovers completely with appropriate treatment, such as neonatal ceftiaxone
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TORCH infections
T O R C H |
T: toxoplasmosis
O: other: gonorrhea, syphilis, varicella, hep B virus, HIV R: rubella C: cytomegalovirus infections or cytomegalic inclusion disease H: herpes simple virus infection |
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the infants born to heavy drinkers have 2x the risk of __________as those born to moderate drinkers
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congenital abnormalities
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-alcohol withdrawal can occur in neonates, esp. if maternal ingestion occurs near the time of birth
-s/s of withdrawal are: (4) |
jitteriness,
increased tone and reflex responses, irritability, seizures |
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fetal alcohol syndrome
-based on the signs of 3 categories: -cognitively what will the child have? |
1. prenatal and postnatal growth restriction
2. CNS malfunctions (including mental retardation) 3. Craniofacial features (microcephaly, small eyes or fissures, thin upper lip, flat midface) attention deficit disorder, IQ deficit ,diminished fine motor skills, poor speech |
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fetal alcohol syndrome
-these children also lack inhibition, and 2 other things: |
have no stranger anxiety, and lack judgment skills
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fetal alcohol syndrome
-other drugs such as (3) may potentiate the fetal effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy |
cigarettes, caffeine, and marijuana
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fetal alcohol syndrome
-the infant may experience respiratory distress related to |
preterm birth,
neurologic damage, floppy epiglottis and small trachea, cardiopulmonary arrest, recurrent otitis media hearing loss, dental development abnormalities, poor sucking ability, possible cleft palate |
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fetal alcohol syndrome
-recognized as one of the leading causes of mental retardation in the US true or false |
true
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fetal alcohol syndrome
-caregivers who provide extensive cuddling and human contact can deal with the eating problems that typically lead to a diagnosis of |
failure to thrive
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-heroin crosses the placenta and result in __________in 50% of exposed infants
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IUGR
-may have a direct growth inhibiting effect on the fetus |
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Heroin
-there is an increased rate of ______but not of _________ |
-there is an increased rate of stillbirth but not of congenital anomalies
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-many medical conditions attributed to heroin result from:
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prematurity
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-maternal detox in the 1st trimester carries and increased risk of
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miscarriage
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-why is detox in pregnancy is not recommended ????
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b/c of possible withdrawal induced fetal distress
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-what is often used in pregnancy to treat maternal drug cravings and prevent withdrawal
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methadone
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infants born to addicted mothers:
-heroin withdrawal usually begins when |
within the first 12-48 hours of life
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-common withdrawal symptoms from heroin of the infant may be:
what happens to the tendon reflexes? what happens to the moro reflex? |
jittery and hyperactive
-the infant may yawn of sneeze frequently -tendon reflexes are increased -the moro reflex is decreased |
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-the neonate may exhibit poor feeding and sucking tachypenia, vomiting, diarrhea, hypothermia, hyperthermia, and sweating
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true
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Heroin
-the use of Narcan is contraindicated in infants born to narcotic addicts true or false |
true
why? b/c it may cause severe s/s of narcotic absinence syndrome and seizures |
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Heroin
-the risk of _______is 5-10 times higher for infants with significant withdrawal problems |
SIDS
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-most common illicit drug used by pregnant women
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Marijuana
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Marijuana
-may result in (2) for the infant |
a shortened gestation and a higher incidence of IUGR
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Marijuana
-higher incidence of what in amniotic fluid |
of meconium staining
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Marijuana
s/s in the neonate (3) |
-jitteriness, tremors, impaired sleeping have been reported in infants
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Tobacco
- cigarette smoking is associated with what kind of deficits in the full term neonate |
birth weight
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Tobacco
-what 3 things have been found to be reduced in infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy |
birth weight, head circumference, and length
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Tobacco
the rate of (2) is increased in the smoking population |
-the rate of miscarriage and preterm birth
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Tobacco
-the substances can be secreted in breast milk for up to __ hrs after the mother has smoked |
2
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Tobacco
-deficits in growth in intellectual and emotional development, and in behavior have been documented true or false |
true
-these include poor auditory responsiveness, increased fine motor tremors, hypertonicity, decreased verbal comprehension |
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Tobacco
-harmful effects of smoking are: 5 |
IUGR,
LBW SIDS miscarriage, prematurity, |
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-what is the effect of maternal smoking in breastfeeding
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a reduction in the anti-infective properties of breast milk
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Spinal cord injuries are usually the result of what?
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Usually result of breech births b/c the head gets stuck and by pulling on it can cause spinal cord injury
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Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Hyperbilirubinemia and polycythemia -y? |
Increased number of RBCs to be hemolyzed in liver (the liver isn’t ready for the normal load of RBC)
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when you see a infant of a diabetic mother, think -3
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big, shoulder dystocia, and hypoglycemia
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TORCH infections
1st trimester = 2nd trimester = |
1st trimester = more congenital anomalies
2nd trimester = more still births |
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Marijuana
bad!!!!!!!!! |
Crosses placenta, shorter gestation, IUGR, very long half life (2 days), stays in breast milk, babies can be born with decreased fine motor skills, babies tend to be more sleepy and feed poorly
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