Final Exam Terms Cuesta College Cultural Anthropology Patrick M. Scott

Front 1

What are the 5 characteristics of culture?

Back 1

culture is learned, shared, based on symbols, integrated, and dynamic

Front 2

What are the 5 purposes of religion?

Back 2

1) Reinforces group norms
2) Reduces Anxiety
3) Serves as a common interest group
4)Gives Meaning to life
5) Provides solutions to specific problems

Front 3

What is the difference between Ethnography and Ethnology?

Back 3

Ethnography has to do with one particular culture where Ethnology studies the spread of different cultures and how they relate to one another.

Front 4

This is when a religion has many gods

Back 4

polytheism

Front 5

What is the difference between a Symbol and a Signal.

Back 5

A symbol is an arbitrary word given meaning, and a signal is a sound that is understood cros culturaly like a sigh, scream, or crying.

Front 6

This is when a religion has one god

Back 6

monotheism

Front 7

What are the three stages of a rite of passage?

Back 7

Separation, Liminality, and Reincorporation

Front 8

These are ritual practices that have a supernatural connection

Back 8

magic

Front 9

What is an Age Set

Back 9

People of the same age that get clumped together

Front 10

a type of magic based on imitation or correspondence

Back 10

sympathetic magic

Front 11

This type of magic is based on the principle that things or persons once in contact can afterward influence each other.

Back 11

Contagious magic

Front 12

What are the four fields of anthropology?

Back 12

Physical, Archaeology, Linguistic, and Cultural Anthropology.

Front 13

a set of beliefs based on the existence of non-human "spiritual beings" or similar kinds of embodied principles

Back 13

Animism

Front 14

This is the study of people in all times and all places.

Back 14

Anthropology

Front 15

A belief in a generalized impersonal power over which people have some measure of control (think "the force")

Back 15

Anamatism

Front 16

This is when you judge another culture based on the values and standards of your own culture

Back 16

ethnocentrism

Front 17

These are full time people who represent the gods

Back 17

priests

Front 18

This is the idea that people all around the world do things the way you do them.

Back 18

Naive Realism

Front 19

These are part-time people who enter an altered state of mind and represent the people.

Back 19

shamans

Front 20

This is when one must suspend Judgement in order to understand other cultures

Back 20

Cultural Relativism

Front 21

an explanation of events based on the idea that some people have a psychic ability to harm others

Back 21

witchcraft

Front 22

This is when you are Aware of your biases and the biases of others towards you.

Back 22

Reflexivity

Front 23

what are the two types of witchcraft?

Back 23

Everyday
nightmare-evil

Front 24

This is status that can be achieved based on skill or merit

Back 24

Achieved status

Front 25

What are the 5 modes of subsistence

Back 25

foraging, horticulture, pastoralism, agriculture, industrialism

Front 26

This is status that cannot be gained such as race, sex, and parental status.

Back 26

Ascribed status

Front 27

This is the payment by men to parents of bride

Back 27

Bride Price

Front 28

The cultural elaborations and meanings assigned to the biological differentiation between the sexes

Back 28

gender

Front 29

the money, goods, or estate that a woman brings to the marriage

Back 29

Dowry

Front 30

People who collectively and publicly identify themselves as a distinct group based on cultural features such as common origin, language, customs, and traditional beliefs

Back 30

ehnic group

Front 31

What are the 3 rules of marriage?

Back 31

culturally sanctioned,
2 or more people,
rights and obligations

Front 32

the expression of cultural ideas held by an ehnic group

Back 32

ethnicity

Front 33

This means the household is related by blood

Back 33

Consanguineal

Front 34

This is when multiple races maintain separate identities in the same state

Back 34

Pluralistic society

Front 35

Marrying within a group or category of individuals

Back 35

Endogamy

Front 36

The desire for a society to maintain multiple cultures within the society

Back 36

Multiculturalism

Front 37

Marrying people from outside a group of individuals

Back 37

Exogamy

Front 38

What are the three studies of Linguistics?

Back 38

Descriptive, Historical, and Sociolinguistics

Front 39

This is a marriage between two people

Back 39

Monogamy

Front 40

The systematic identification and description of distinctive speech sounds in a language

Back 40

Phonetics

Front 41

societal mating practice in which individuals engage in sequential pairings

Back 41

Serial Monogamy

Front 42

The smallest units of sound that make a difference in meaning in a language

Back 42

Phoneme

Front 43

This is when one individual has many spouses

Back 43

Polygamy

Front 44

This theory, held by Edward Tylor, has the following three stages of culture:
1) Barbarism
2) Savagery
3) Civilization

Back 44

Unilinear Evolution

Front 45

this is when one man has many wives

Back 45

Polygyny

Front 46

This anthropological method uses data collected from the field to make theories based on them. Franz Boas was a proponent.

Back 46

Historical Particularism

Front 47

This is when one woman has multiple husbands

Back 47

polyandry

Front 48

This is the idea that a culture will borrow traits belonging to another culture as the result of contact

Back 48

Diffusionism

Front 49

This Theory, invented by Malinowski states that all cultural traits are created in order to serve the needs of individuals in a society.

Back 49

Functionalism

Front 50

This is when several men and women have sexual relations with one another

Back 50

group marriage

Front 51

This theory, invented by Radcliffe-Brown, held that cultural practices and institutions perform the function of maintaining a society's social structure

Back 51

Structural-functionalism

Front 52

This is the marriage to proxy of the symbols to someone who is not there

Back 52

Fictive marriage

Front 53

This theory, created by Leslie A. White, explains that cultures are a work in progress and change over time.

Back 53

Neoevolution

Front 54

what are the 4 organizations of groups of people?

Back 54

Band, Tribe, Chiefdom, State

Front 55

This is the study of the relationship between a culture and its environment

Back 55

Cultural Ecology

Front 56

a community of people who share a common language, culture, ethnicity, descent, or history

Back 56

Nation

Front 57

This theory, held by Claude Levi-Strauss, states that cultural practices are systems of signification, and mental structures.

Back 57

Structuralism

Front 58

this view of anthropology views classes as conflicting bodies within a society

Back 58

Marxist Anthropology

Front 59

This is the focus on the relationship between gender and society

Back 59

Feminist Approaches

Front 60

This theory of anthropology, proposed by Michel Foucault, analyzes cultural practices in terms of the various epistemologies (ways of knowing) in which the practice has developed.

Back 60

Post-modernist Approaches

Front 61

This is when there are 1 or 2 parents and established offspring

Back 61

nuclear family

Front 62

the basic residential unit in which economic production, consumption, inheritance, child rearing, and shelter are organized and carried out

Back 62

household

Front 63

living in the husbands fathers residence

Back 63

patrilocal residence

Front 64

living in the wifes mothers house

Back 64

matrilocal residence

Front 65

the couple choses patrilocal or matrilocal

Back 65

ambilocal

Front 66

This is when there are 1 or 2 parents and established offspring

Back 66

nuclear family

Front 67

the basic residential unit in which economic production, consumption, inheritance, child rearing, and shelter are organized and carried out

Back 67

household

Front 68

living in the husbands fathers residence

Back 68

patrilocal residence

Front 69

living in the wifes mothers house

Back 69

matrilocal residence

Front 70

the couple choses patrilocal or matrilocal

Back 70

ambilocal

Front 71

couple lives independent of parents house

Back 71

Neolocal Residence

Front 72

couple lives with wife's brother

Back 72

Avunculocal Residence

Front 73

a network of relatives where individuals possess rights and obligations

Back 73

Kinship