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130 Cards in this Set
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Approaches that attempt to explain observable behavior by investigating mental processes fall under ________ psychology. |
c) Cognitive |
a) Psychoanalytic b) Behavioral c) Cognitive d) Biologicale) Humanistic |
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Freud’s classification of the part of the brain that consists of unconscious drives, and the area that contains sexual energy, is known as __________. |
a) Id |
a) Id b) Ego c) Superego d) preconscious e) defense mechanic |
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. Circumstances that threaten a person or tax his/her coping abilities and can have a serious effect on health and well-being are called |
d) stressors. |
a) mental blocks. b) transactions. c) emotion generators. d) stressors. e) transducers. |
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Psychologists who study personality focus on the..? |
a) enduring traits and qualities we demonstrate over time. |
a) enduring traits and qualities we demonstrate over time. b) permanent behavior changes that occur due to experience. c) meaningful interpretation of sensation. d) behaviors that result from learned associations. e) the role of endorphins. |
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Stress |
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called Stressors. |
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Toxic Stress |
Stress caused by earthquake or events |
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Tend and befriend |
under stress, provide support to others |
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Psychoneuroimmunology |
study of how psychological, neural, and endrocrine processses together affect the immune system and the resulting health. |
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Health Psychology |
subfield of psychology. |
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Coronary heart disease |
the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries |
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Coping |
Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods. |
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Problems-focused coping |
Attempting alleviate stress directly- by changing the stressors or the way we interact with that stressor. |
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Emotion-focused coping |
Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction. |
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Learned helplessness |
hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. |
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External locus of control |
The perception that change or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate. |
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internal focus of control |
the perception that you control your own fateo. |
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self-control |
the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term reward. |
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Aerobic exercise |
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fifness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety |
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positive psychology |
the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengh and virtues that enable individuals and communities to flourish |
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subjective well-being |
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. |
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feel-good, do-good phenomenon |
people tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood. |
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adaptation-level phenomenon |
tendency of judge various stimuli in vcomparison with our past experiences. |
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relative deprivation |
the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself. |
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Personality |
an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
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psychodynamic theories |
view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. |
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unconscious |
according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feeling, and memories. according to psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. |
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free association |
methods of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrasing. |
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Sigmund Freud |
-Psychoanalytic -Czech(Vienna) -Basic evil psychic determinism... his work was the first to focus clinical attention on our unconscious mind |
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id |
pleasure principle (pure energy) Unconscious energy |
is a personality structure |
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ego |
reallity principle ( serve the id, to get the id what it want. Mostly conscious; make peace between the id and the ssuperego) |
is a personality structure |
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superego |
According to Freud, represents internalize ideals and provides standards for judgement (the conscience) and for the future aspirations. (morals, words, values) Internalize ideals |
is a personality structure |
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psychosexual stages |
the childhood stages of development ( oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud , the id's pleasures- seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones. |
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oedipus complex |
according to Freud, sexual desire toward his mother and feeling of jealousy |
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identification |
childrem incorporate their parents' values into their developing superego |
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fixation |
...freud.., a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking ... |
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defense mechanisms |
in the psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconscously distorting reality |
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repression |
in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thought, feeling, and memories |
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collective unconscious |
Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history Like..DNA conciousness, by generation. ex. i fear spiders cuz my mom have the same fears. |
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projective test |
a personily test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguos stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics. |
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Humanistic theories |
view personality with a focus oon the potencial for healthy personal growth |
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Self actualization |
According to Maslow, is the process of fulfilling our potential. |
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unconditional positive regard |
according to Rogers, an atttitude of total acceptance towar another person. |
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Self-concept |
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?" |
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Personality |
an individual characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
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trait |
a characteristic pattern pf behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports. |
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Personality inventory |
a questionnaire( often with true-false or agree-disagree items), covering a wide range of feeling and behaviors. |
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empirically derived test |
a test( such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool... |
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The " Big Five" personality factors are.. |
conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism (emotional stability vs. instability) Openness Extraversion |
CANOE |
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Reciprocal determinism |
...Recipocal determinism is: interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment. |
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Self |
center of personality |
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Self esteem |
one's feeling of high or low self-worth |
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self-efficacy |
one's sense of competence and effectiveness |
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Self-serving bias |
a readiness to perceive oneself favorably |
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narcissism |
excessive self-love and self-absorption |
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individualism |
giving priotity to one's own goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications. |
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Collectivism |
giving priority to the goals of one's group, and defining one's identity accordingly. |
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Psychic determinism |
everything we do have a psycho thing in brain, if you are late is cuz you don't want to be in that place. |
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Carl Gustav Jung |
He was a student, he got problems with woman. Swiss Analytic psychology Individuation=becoming universal and individual symbols - He travel around the world Archetypes= he said we have a lot personalities |
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Archetypes are alot of pesonalities... what are the archetypes? |
are.. Persona Ego Shadow Anima/animus Self |
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Persona in the |
the mask (images of who we are) |
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shadow |
un resolve issue that follow us around |
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anima / animus |
we have an opposite gender |
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self |
what makes me who I am |
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Therapy |
Self discovery is ( joint effort ) |
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Alfred Adler |
Individual psychology vienna -Primary drive is striving for superiority Therapy: identity/correct goals |
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Karen Horney |
Psychology of women hamburg, Germany Primary drive is for woman basic anxiety -Tyranny of shoulds: eternity of should therapy: question: probe: direct |
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Wilhelm Reich (no in the text book) |
~Body psychology -Austria -communism: he came to communism, but he got persecution. -controversy -Bioenergy/orgone energy=chi/life energy -Rolfing= type of massage for our stress, muscle good -therapy: break armor; seek fluidity of body and mind. |
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Frederick Perls( no in the text book) |
Favorite for seilbert -Gestalt -Berlin organism as a whole -here and now ( we dont live in the present, cuz we think in the past) -Neurosis: unfinished business -How over why -therapy: find missing potential: reach self awareness; confronting: move on |
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B. F Skinner |
Behaviorism (learning) Pennsylvania Principles of reinforcement and punishment -No free will -Therapy:observable behavior: stimulus control *Remmber the learning chapter |
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Abraham Maslow |
Humanistic-Existential (free choice, self fulfillment) -Brooklyn -Positive view of human -need hierarchy -self actualization |
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Carl Rogers |
Person or client centered psychology ( Humanistic) -Oak Park, Illinois -Act according to self-concept -Unconditional positive regard:// growing up) -Real versus ideal self = we all we have Therapy: uh huh: active listening. |
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Personality disorder |
characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. Characterized by: statistical infrequency violation of social norms Personal distress Level of impairment |
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Psychosis |
severe disorder, loss of contact with reality |
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Neurosis |
less severe, some contact with reality |
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DSM |
Stand for The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |
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Statistical infrequency |
abnormal, atypical |
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Violation of social norms |
varies with time and culture |
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Personal distress |
to the individual |
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level of impairment |
interferes with ability to function |
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Anxiety Disorders are |
-brain's danger detection system becomes hyperactive, - or Psychological disorders characterized by distressing. Phobias Panic Generalized Obsessive- compulsive Posttraumatic Stress Disorder |
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Phobias |
Extreme anxiety about something |
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panic |
what the phobia make you( like.. vomit, Slime ) |
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Obsessive-compulsive |
behavior.. is hard to break the behaviors. Ex. como back and check the gas... |
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Posttraumatic stress disorder |
a desorder characterized by traumatic Experience, Solution: go back to the main problem and try to solve |
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Mood Disorders |
Emotional stremes |
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Major depression (unipolar) |
no want to go out of the bed |
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Bipolar |
two personality, changes in the mood |
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Seasonal Affective |
change by sun light |
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Schizophrenia |
Schizophrenia has many meaning..... |
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Delusions |
false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur |
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Hallucinations |
sensory experiences without sensory stimulation |
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Chronic Schizophrenia |
synotoms late adolescence/early adulthood; aging/.///..... |
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Acute Schizophrenia |
beging at any age; frequenctly in responses to emotional traumal |
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catatonic |
exhibit extremes in motor behavior stupor or agitated; parrot |
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Paranoid |
Delusions or hallucinations, maybe extreme suspiciousness and hostility excessive suspicion mistrust |
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undifferentiated |
varied symptoms; do not clearly fill in to a type |
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Dissociative Disorders |
conscious awareness become separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feeling |
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Somatoform Disorders |
Physical symptoms without physiological causes |
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Hypochondria |
sense difference in physiological reaction |
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avoidant |
intense, chronic fear of being judge |
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Psychological disorder |
a symdrome marked by a clinically.. |
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Medical model |
diseases that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured |
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major depressive disorder |
a mood disorder in which a person experiences.... |
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mood disorders |
disorders which are characterized by emotional extremes. |
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mania |
a hyperactive |
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Anorexia nervosa |
earing disorder |
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Bulimia nervosa |
eating disorder with alternates binge eating |
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therapy |
Asylums devils, demons, spirits .... |
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Psychodynamic ( psychoanalytic) |
Freud, focus: before 5 or 6, unconscious , transference, long term therapy |
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Humanistic(person/client centered) |
Rogers, ah ha, UPR( unconditional positive regard) |
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Behavior(learning) |
Applies learning(conditioning) principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors; counter conditioning |
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cognitive |
change maladaptive thoughts |
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Biomedical |
Meds, neurostimulation, psychosurgery, // drugs |
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Eclectic |
approach to psychotherapy that, uses techniques from various forms of therapy |
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resistance |
blocking from consciousness of anxiety |
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Interpretation |
analyst's noting supposed dream meaning .... |
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active listening |
empathic listening... |
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behavior therapy |
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. |
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Counterconditioning |
behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning.... |
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Exposure therapies are |
are behavioral techniques... |
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Systematic desensitization |
used to treat phobias, is a type of therapy |
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Aversive conditioning |
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state( such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior(such as drinking alcohol) |
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Cognitive therapy |
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking... |
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resilience |
the personal strenght that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma. |
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psychopharmacology |
study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior |
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antipsychotic drugs |
drugs used to treat schizophrenia, and other disorders |
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antianxiety drugs |
drugs used to control anxiety |
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antidepressant drugs |
drugs used to treat depression... |
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lobotomy |
cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion controlling centers of the inner brain. Is a procedure to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients |
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Psychosurgery |
surgery that removes or destroys brain tisue in an effort to change behavior. |
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