Final Exam

Front 1

an important advantage of the oral route of drug administration in comparion to other conventional routes is the

Back 1

predictability safety and ease

Front 2

drug injection is common in medical practice because the effects are relatively _____________ in comparison to other conventional routes of drug administration

Back 2

rapid and predictable

Front 3

some drugs can be effectively administered through mucous membranes. One such drug as

Back 3

cocaine

Front 4

many chemicals are kept from passing from the circulatory system of the CNS into the CNS tissue by

Back 4

the blood brain barrier

Front 5

taking drugs can often produce tolerance to other drugs, such tolerance is called

Back 5

cross tolerance

Front 6

____________ tolerance is tolerance that occurs because less drugs gets to the target site

Back 6

metabolic

Front 7

individuals who suffer drug withdrawal sympotoms when they stop taking a drug are said to be

Back 7

physically dependent

Front 8

the severity of withdrawal symptoms depends on

Back 8

the duration of the preceding drug exposure, speed with which the drug is cleared from the body, particular drug in question, and dose of the preceding drug exposure.

Front 9

About what proportion of the adult population is clearly schizophrenic?

Back 9

1%

Front 10

haloperidol is a potent

Back 10

neuroleptic, d2 receptor, ligand, and antischizophrenic drug

Front 11

the fact that dopamine receptor blockers take several weeks to exert their antischizophrenic effects suggests that

Back 11

blocking dopamine receptors triggers some slow-developing change that is critical therapeutic effect

Front 12

MAO inhibitors are no longer used in the treatment of depression because they

Back 12

Block MAO's ability to break down tyramine

Front 13

Lithium has often been used as a treatment for

Back 13

Bipolar affective disorder

Front 14

Both selective serotonin-ruptake inhibitors and selective nonepinephrine-ruptake inhibitors are effective in the treatment of

Back 14

depression

Front 15

Dianthesis means

Back 15

a genetic suceptibility

Front 16

the dianthesis-stress model is a prominent theory of

Back 16

depression

Front 17

Support for he theory that tolerance is triggered by drug-inducted changes in neural activity rather than from drug exposure per se comes from the observation that tolerance didn't develop to the anticonvulsant effect of alcohol unless:

Back 17

convulsive stimulation is administered after each alcohol injection

Front 18

Seigel's conditioning theory of drug tolerance is supported by demonstrations of

Back 18

the situational specificity of tolerance

Front 19

Although ___________ is classified as a depressant it has stimulant effects at low doses.

Back 19

alchol

Front 20

Withdrawal from which of the following drugs produces convulsions

Back 20

Alcohol

Front 21

The impure residue left after boiling away a solution of cocaine hydrochloride and baking soda is _________

Back 21

crack

Front 22

During cocaine sprees there is a risk from death from ___________

Back 22

stroke

Front 23

the early physical dependence theories of drug addiction were decredited by the observation that

Back 23

detoxified addicts almost always return to their drug-taking habits

Front 24

Many Self-stimulation sites contain

Back 24

Dopaminergic neurons

Front 25

Phobic disorders, panic disorders, and obsessive compulsive disorders are all categories of

Back 25

anxiety disorders

Front 26

it has been hypothesized that the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with

Back 26

brain damage

Front 27

which neurotransmitter has been most often implicated in anxiety disorders because of the effect of benzodiazepines

Back 27

GABA

Front 28

Common verbal tics of Tourette syndrome include

Back 28

coprolalia, palilia, echolalia, barking

Front 29

Tourette syndrome occurs more frequently in

Back 29

Identical twins

Front 30

Drugs for which the market is too small for them to be profitable in the market are called

Back 30

orphan drugs

Front 31

anxiety disorders are

Back 31

the most prevalent of all psychiatric disorders, they are treated with benzodiazepines or serotonin agonsists.

Front 32

Cocaine

Back 32

stimulant prepared from cocabush, vonsumed by snorting or injection can be made into crack by boiling it. produces good mood, confidence, energy, and less desire for food and sleep is produced

Front 33

Heroin

Back 33

opiate. two acetyl groups to the morphine molecules, increases the ability to penetrate the blood brain barrier, it is injected. produces orgasmic pleasure, pleasurable drug. Withdrawals happen 6-12 hours after the last dose, causes restlessness

Front 34

Oral ingestion

Back 34

preffered route of administration once swallowed they dissolve in the stomach and are carried into the intestines and absorbed in the bloodstream

Front 35

Injection

Back 35

most common in medical drugs, effects are fast strong and predictable. can be subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravnous. addicts prefer intravenous because it delivers straight to the brain. No way to contrareact in case of an overdose

Front 36

inhalation

Back 36

difficult to regulate the dose of inhaled drugs, substances damage the lungs

Front 37

mucus membranes

Back 37

includes nose, mouth, and rectum. cocaine is usually snorted through nose

Front 38

Cross tolerance

Back 38

tolerance made when one drug that can produce tolerance to other drugs that act by the same mechanism

Front 39

functional tolerance

Back 39

tolerance that results from changes that reduce the activity of the sites of action to the drug

Front 40

smoker's syndrome

Back 40

chest pain, labored breathing, wheezing, coughing, and prone to infections in the respiratory tract

Front 41

benzodiazepines

Back 41

used as anti-anxiety agents, muscle relaxers, sedatives, and sometimes anticonvulsants.

Front 42

comorbidity

Back 42

two or more coexisting medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to an initial diagnosis