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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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from ovulation to fertilziation
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ovum
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from fertilization to implantation
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zygote
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from implantation to 5-8 weeks
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embryo
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from 5-8 weeks until term
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fetus
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developing embryo of fetus and placental structures throughout pregnancy
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conceptus
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the most dramatic events in growth and development occur before __
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birth
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factors affecting fetal growth
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1. genetics
2. environment 3. hormonal changes |
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the uterus is permeable to such adverse social and environmental influences
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1. materal undernutrition
2. alcohol 3. cigarette 4. drug use (both legal and illicit) 5. maternal infection 6. psychologic trauma |
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stages of fetal development
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1. preembryonic/zygote
2. embyonic 3. fetal |
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first 2 weeks; beginning fertilization
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pre-embryonic/zygote
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week 3 to 8
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embryonic
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week 8 until birth
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fetal
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___ days is normally required for transport of fertilized ovum
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3 to 5 days
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after reaching the uterus, the developing blastocyst usually remains in the uterine cavity an additional __ days before it implants in the endometrium
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1 to 3 days
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pre-embryonic stage
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1. fertilization of the ovum
2. transport of fertilized ovum to the fallopian tube 3. implantation of blastocyst in the uterus |
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other terms for fertilization
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1. conception
2. impregnation 3. fecundation |
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union of ovum and spermatozoon
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fertilization
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ovum is capable of fertilization for only __ hours
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24
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spermatozoon is capable of fertilization for ___ hrs
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48 to 72
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chromosomal material of ovum and spermatozoon fuse
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zygote
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single unfertilized ovum splits and then fertilized
identical twins same hereditary makeup and same sex |
monozygotic
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woman releases two ova within a short time
fraternal twins different hereditary makeup may have the same or different sex |
dizygotic
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once fertilization is complete, zygote migrates over the next __ days
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3 to 4 days
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a zygote upon reaching the uterus is called ___
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morula
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morula continues to multiply, large cells collect at periphery of the ball and now becomes a ___
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blastocyst
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embryonic stage lasts from __ to __
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2 weeks to 2 months
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in embryonic stage baby is ___ inches long
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1 1/2
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period of massive cell differentiation and synthesis
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embryonic stage
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forms brain, nervous system, hair and skin
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ectoderm
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outer layer
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ectoderm
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forms muscles, internal organs, bones, CV, and excretory systems
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mesoderm
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forms glands, endothelial layer of digestive, respiratory and excretory systems
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endoderm
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what month?
organs blocked out, heart beating, brain and spine begins to form |
month 1
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at __ weeks liver begins to form RBC
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6 weeks
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at __ months, minute organ details established
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2-4 months
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at months 2-4, the baby is __ long and ____
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1 inch long, less than 1 ounce
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1st ultrasound
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7 weeks
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CNS and GI tract almost complete
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7 weeks
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fingers and toes well defined
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7 weeks
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organ formation nearly complete at what month
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4th month
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fetal/infant growth stages
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prenatal
perinatal postnatal |
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conception to birth (gestation)
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prenatal
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from 27 weeks at birth or shortly after birth
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perinatal
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after birth
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postnatal
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birth- 4 weeks
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neonatal
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born before 38 weeks
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preterm
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born 38-42 weeks
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term
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born more than 42 weeks of gestation
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postterm
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baby is 1/4 inch long
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month 1
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heart, digestive system, backbone and spinal cord begin to form
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month 1
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muscle contractions first appear around ____ followed by lateral flexion
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8 week
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by __ wk breathing and swallowing motions appear
tactile stimulation elicits graceful movements |
13-14 wk
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grasp reflex appears at __ wk at is well developed by __ wk
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17wk 27 wk
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eye opening occurs around __ wk
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26 wk
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in __ trimester fetuses respond to external stimuli with heart rate elevation and body movements
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3rd
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fetal movement increases in response to a sudden auditory tone, but decreases after several repetitions
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habituations
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mortality and morbidity is highest at what period?
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prenatal period
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___ percent of pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion
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30 percent
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the expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus
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miscarriage
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miscarriage happens most often during the ___
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1st trimester
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teratorgens associated with gross physical and mental abnormalities includes (3)
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1. infectious agents (STORCH)
2. chemical agents 3. high temperature and radiation |
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most common maternal teratogenic infections (5)
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1. syphylis
2. tocoplamosis 3. rubella 4. cytomegalovirus 5. herpes |
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lifeline from mother to fetus
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placenta
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performs respiratory, absorptive excretory functions
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placenta
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hormone responsible for the development of ovarian corpus luteum to endometrium
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progesterone
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endometrial cells swell further ___
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decidual cells
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as the ____ invade the decidua, digesting and imbibing it, the stored nutrients in the decidua are used by the embryo for growth and development
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trophoblast cells
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the embryo continues to obtain at least some of its nutrition in the decidua for up to __ weeks
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8 weeks
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placenta also begins to provide nutrition after about __ day beyond fertilization
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16 days
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25 percent of blood from RA goes to LA
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foramen ovale
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between pulmonary and aortic trunk
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ductus arteriosus
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receives 90 percent blood from RV
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ductus arteriosus
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interatrial opening
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foramen ovale
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extra hepatic portion of the left umbilical vein becomes
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ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament of liver)
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proximal portions of the fetal umbilical arteries
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umbilical branches of the internal iliac arteries
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distal portions of the fetal umbilical arteries becomes
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medial umbilical ligaments of Urachus
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normal value for Temperature
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99 F or 37.2 C
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NV for RR
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30-60 bpm
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normal Pulserate
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120-160 bpm
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normal BP
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50-52/20-30 mmHg
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collection of blood under the periosteum of the skull bone
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cephalhematoma
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redness on the dependent side and pale on the upper side, if position is changed or if the baby cries vigorously
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harlequin sign
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yellowing of the skin
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jaundice
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hyperbilirubinemia can lead to __ and can cause permanent brain cell damage
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kernicterus
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vascular tumors of the skin
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hemangiomas
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collection of pigment cells that appears as slate gray patches over the sacrum buttocks arms and legs
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mongolian spots
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white, cream cheese like substance that serves as skin lubricant
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vernix caseosa
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yellow vernix
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high bilirubin
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green vernix
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meconium stain
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fine, downy hair that covers newborn's shoulder back and upper arms
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lanugo
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unopened sebacious glands found on the cheek and bridge of the nose
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milia
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newborn rash which appears in first 4 day of life
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erythema toxicum
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disappears 1-2 days
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forceps mark
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skin will not smooth and forms elevated ridge
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dehydration
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space or opening where the skull bones join
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fontanelle
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larger diamond, closes at 12-18 months
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anterior fontanelle
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small triangular, closes at the end of the 2nd month
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posterior fontanelle
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infant's head molded on the contours of the cervix
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molding
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edema of the scalp at the presenting part of the head
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caput succedaneum
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localized softening of the cranial bones
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craniotabes
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newborns cry, tearlessly until about __ mo
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3 months
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ankyloglossia
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tongue tied
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two small round, well circumscribed cysts found on the palate, extra load of calcium that was deposited in the uterus
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epstein pearls
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dislocation sign
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barlow
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relocation sign
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ortalani
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simple and most commonly used standardized assessment tool to evaluate a newborn quickly at birth
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assessment of well-being
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