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45 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
During the first trimester, which ultrasonic fetal measurement is the most accurate predictor of gestational age
Fetal crown-rump length
Crown-rump length estimations during the first trimester are expected to be within ___ days of the GA
7
During the 2nd and 3rd trimester, which measurement is the most accurate indicator of GA
Biparietal diameter (BPD)
At term, ultrasonic GA assessment can be off by ___ weeks.
3
What does the MSAFP screen for
Neural tube defects
When should MSAFP be performed
Between 15 and 22 weeks of gestation
Elevated MSAFP can be indicative of
open spina bifida and anencephaly
What factor can falsely elevate the MSAFP
error in GA estimate
Low levels of MSAFP are associated with
chromosome abnormalities
A triple screen panel consists of
MSAFP, HCG, and unconjugated estriol
A triple screen that reveals elevated HCG and decreased estriol levels is suggestive of
Trisomy 21
Indication for chorionic villus sampling
Screening suggestive of chromosomal abnormalities
CVS examines what type of tissue
Trophoblast cells of the placenta
When should CVS be done
At or after 10 weeks
Antepartum testing of fetal well being are not used until the ___ trimester. Why
3rd
They require a certain degree of fetal neurophysiologic maturity
Explain the premise for the Non-stress test
Fetal activity results in a reflex acceleration in heart rate.
The required fetal maturity for a NST is usually reached by ____ weeks
32
3 possible results of a NST
reactive
non-reactive
inadequate
Define the criteria for a reactive NST
HR between 120-150 bpm,
normal beat to beat variability, 2 accelerations of at least 15 bpm lasting for not less than 15 seconds in a 20 minute period
Define a non-reactive NST
A test which fails to meet the three criteria
What is an inadequate NST
Inability to trace adequate fetal heart rate
Define the premise of the contraction stress test
Uterine contractions can compromise an unhealthy fetus
2 possible results of the CST
positive and negative
Define a positive CST
Late decels are consistently seen in association with contractions
Define a negative CST
At least 3 contractions of at least 40 seconds occur within a 10 minute period without associated late decels
Which test is more reassuring...a negative CST or a reactive NST
a negative CST
What factors are scored with Biophysical profile
NST
amniotic fluid volume
fetal breathing movements
fetal activity
fetal musculoskeletal tone
Define a reassuring biophysical profile score
8-10 points
Define beat to beat variability
calculation of each RR interval
What system regulates beat to beat variability
the ANS
Factors that reduce beat to beat variability
hypoxia, fetal sleep, fetal immaturity, maternal narcotic/sedative administration
List 3 types of deceleration
Early
Late
Variable
What typically causes early decels
head compression
Describe the appearance of an early decel
symmetric in shape and closely mirror uterine contractions in time of onset, duration, and termination
When are early decels typically seen
late in labor
Are early decels malignant or benign
benign
What is the cause of late decels
uteroplacental insufficiency
Describe the pattern of late decels
Decels begin 10 to 30 seconds after the contraction begins and does not return to baseline until after the contractions ends
What causes variable decels
Cord compression
Describe the pattern of variable decels
vary in their shape and timing relative to contractions
Which types of decels are associated with fetal distress
variable and late
When is maternal GBS screening done
35 to 37 weeks
What exam is the most widely used screening method for fetal well being
NST
What type of pregnancy complications require fetal well being screening
postterm pregnancy, DM, hypertension, previous stillbirth, IUGR, decreased fetal movements, and Rh disease
When is a CST usually done
After a non-reactive NST