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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
During the first trimester, which ultrasonic fetal measurement is the most accurate predictor of gestational age
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Fetal crown-rump length
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Crown-rump length estimations during the first trimester are expected to be within ___ days of the GA
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7
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During the 2nd and 3rd trimester, which measurement is the most accurate indicator of GA
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Biparietal diameter (BPD)
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At term, ultrasonic GA assessment can be off by ___ weeks.
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3
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What does the MSAFP screen for
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Neural tube defects
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When should MSAFP be performed
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Between 15 and 22 weeks of gestation
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Elevated MSAFP can be indicative of
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open spina bifida and anencephaly
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What factor can falsely elevate the MSAFP
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error in GA estimate
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Low levels of MSAFP are associated with
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chromosome abnormalities
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A triple screen panel consists of
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MSAFP, HCG, and unconjugated estriol
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A triple screen that reveals elevated HCG and decreased estriol levels is suggestive of
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Trisomy 21
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Indication for chorionic villus sampling
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Screening suggestive of chromosomal abnormalities
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CVS examines what type of tissue
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Trophoblast cells of the placenta
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When should CVS be done
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At or after 10 weeks
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Antepartum testing of fetal well being are not used until the ___ trimester. Why
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3rd
They require a certain degree of fetal neurophysiologic maturity |
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Explain the premise for the Non-stress test
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Fetal activity results in a reflex acceleration in heart rate.
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The required fetal maturity for a NST is usually reached by ____ weeks
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32
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3 possible results of a NST
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reactive
non-reactive inadequate |
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Define the criteria for a reactive NST
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HR between 120-150 bpm,
normal beat to beat variability, 2 accelerations of at least 15 bpm lasting for not less than 15 seconds in a 20 minute period |
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Define a non-reactive NST
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A test which fails to meet the three criteria
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What is an inadequate NST
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Inability to trace adequate fetal heart rate
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Define the premise of the contraction stress test
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Uterine contractions can compromise an unhealthy fetus
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2 possible results of the CST
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positive and negative
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Define a positive CST
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Late decels are consistently seen in association with contractions
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Define a negative CST
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At least 3 contractions of at least 40 seconds occur within a 10 minute period without associated late decels
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Which test is more reassuring...a negative CST or a reactive NST
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a negative CST
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What factors are scored with Biophysical profile
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NST
amniotic fluid volume fetal breathing movements fetal activity fetal musculoskeletal tone |
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Define a reassuring biophysical profile score
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8-10 points
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Define beat to beat variability
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calculation of each RR interval
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What system regulates beat to beat variability
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the ANS
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Factors that reduce beat to beat variability
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hypoxia, fetal sleep, fetal immaturity, maternal narcotic/sedative administration
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List 3 types of deceleration
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Early
Late Variable |
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What typically causes early decels
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head compression
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Describe the appearance of an early decel
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symmetric in shape and closely mirror uterine contractions in time of onset, duration, and termination
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When are early decels typically seen
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late in labor
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Are early decels malignant or benign
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benign
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What is the cause of late decels
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uteroplacental insufficiency
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Describe the pattern of late decels
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Decels begin 10 to 30 seconds after the contraction begins and does not return to baseline until after the contractions ends
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What causes variable decels
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Cord compression
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Describe the pattern of variable decels
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vary in their shape and timing relative to contractions
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Which types of decels are associated with fetal distress
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variable and late
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When is maternal GBS screening done
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35 to 37 weeks
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What exam is the most widely used screening method for fetal well being
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NST
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What type of pregnancy complications require fetal well being screening
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postterm pregnancy, DM, hypertension, previous stillbirth, IUGR, decreased fetal movements, and Rh disease
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When is a CST usually done
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After a non-reactive NST
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