Femur And Pelvic Girdle: Self-Test

Front 1

List the 4 bones of the pelvis

Back 1

left hip bone, right hip bone, sacrum, coccyx

Front 2

List the 3 divisions of the hip bone

Back 2

ilium, ischium, pubis

Front 3

Innominate bone is another name for:

A. One half of pelvic girdle

B. Hip bone

C. Ossa coxae

D. All of the above

Back 3

A. One half of pelvic girdle

Front 4

What is the largest foramen in the body?

Back 4

obturator foramen

Front 5

What are the two aspects of the ischium?

Back 5

body and ramus

Front 6

What is the name of the imaginary plane that separates the false from the true pelvis?

Back 6

brim of the pelvis (pelvic brim)

Front 7

(False or True Pelvis) Lesser pelvis

Back 7

true

Front 8

(False or True Pelvis) supports the lower abdominal organs

Back 8

false

Front 9

(False or True Pelvis) formed primarily by the ala of the ilium

Back 9

false

Front 10

(False or True Pelvis) cavity

Back 10

true

Front 11

(False or True Pelvis) greater pelvis

Back 11

false

Front 12

(False or True Pelvis) forms the actual birth canal

Back 12

true

Front 13

(False or True Pelvis) found below the pelvic brim

Back 13

true

Front 14

The pubic arch angle on an average male pelvis is an ___ (acute or obtuse) angle that is ___ (greater than or less than 90 degrees)

Back 14

acute; less than 90 degrees

Front 15

(Male or female) heart-shaped (oval) inlet

Back 15

male

Front 16

(Male or female) acute pubic arch (less than 90 degrees)

Back 16

male

Front 17

(Male or female) iliac wings that are more flared

Back 17

female

Front 18

(Male or female) obtuse pubic arch (greater than 90 degrees)

Back 18

female

Front 19

(Male or female) larger and more rounded inlet

Back 19

female

Front 20

(Male or female) iliac wings that are less flared

Back 20

male

Front 21

Which one of the following structures is considered to be the most posterior?

A. Ishial spines

B. ASIS

C. Pubic Symphysis

D. Acetabulum

Back 21

A. Ishial spines

Front 22

The small depression near the center of the femoral head where a ligament is attached is called the ____?

Back 22

fovea capitis

Front 23

Which of the following joints are a synovial joint but with amphiarthrodial mobility?

A. Union of acetabula

B. Hip joint

C. Sacroiliac joints

D. Pubic symphysis

Back 23

C. Sacroiliac joints

Front 24

Which of the following devices should be used for an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip to equalize density of the hip region?

A. Grid

B. High-speed IR

C. Small focal spot

D. Compensating filter

 

Back 24

D. Compensating filter

Front 25

Which of the following modalities is used to assess joint stability during movement of the lower limbs on infants?

A. Sonography

B. MRI

C. CT

D. Weight-bearing pelvis radiographic projections

Back 25

A. Sonography

Front 26

A geriatric patient with an externally rotated lower limb may have:

A. Normal hip joint

B. Osteoarthritis

C. Fractured proximal femur

D. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

Back 26

C. Fractured proximal femur

Front 27

Which one of the following pathologic indications may result in the early fusion of the sacroiliac (SI) joints?

A. Chondrosarcoma

B. Metastic Carcinoma

C. Developmental dysplasia of the hip

D. Ankylosing sponditis

 

Back 27

D. Ankylosing sponditis

Front 28

(Pathologic indication) usually consists of numerous small lytic lesions

A. Pelvic ring fracture

B. DDH

C. Osteoarthritis

D. SCFE

E. Ankylosing spondyitis

F. Metastic carcinoma

 

Back 28

F. Metastic carcinoma

Front 29

(Pathologic indication) increased hip joint space and misalignment

A. Pelvic ring fracture

B. DDH

C. Osteoarthritis

D. SCFE

E. Ankylosing spondyitis

F. Metastic carcinoma

 

Back 29

B. DDH

Front 30

(Pathologic indication) bilateral radiolucent lines across bones and misalignment of SI joints

A. Pelvic ring fracture

B. DDH

C. Osteoarthritis

D. SCFE

E. Ankylosing spondyitis

F. Metastic carcinoma

 

Back 30

A. Pelvic ring fracture

Front 31

(Pathologic indication) early fusion of SI joints and "bamboo spine"

A. Pelvic ring fracture

B. DDH

C. Osteoarthritis

D. SCFE

E. Ankylosing spondyitis

F. Metastic carcinoma

 

Back 31

E. Ankylosing spondyitis

Front 32

(Pathologic indication) Epiphyses appear shorter and epiphyseal plate wider

A. Pelvic ring fracture

B. DDH

C. Osteoarthritis

D. SCFE

E. Ankylosing spondyitis

F. Metastic carcinoma

 

Back 32

D. SCFE

Front 33

(Pathologic indication) Hallmark sign of spurring and narrowing of joint space

A. Pelvic ring fracture

B. DDH

C. Osteoarthritis

D. SCFE

E. Ankylosing spondyitis

F. Metastic carcinoma

 

Back 33

C. Osteoarthritis

Front 34

Which one of the following radiographic signs indicates that the proximal femurs are in position for a true AP projection?

A. Appearance of the

B. Limited visibility of focea capitis

C. Limited visibility of the lesser trochanter in profile

D. Symmetric appearance of illiac wings

Back 34

C. Limited visibility of the lesser trochanter in profile

Front 35

Which one of the following projections or methods is often performed to evaluate a pediatric patient for congenital hip dislocation?

A. Bilateral modified cleaves

B. Clements-Nakayama

C. Taylor method

D. Judet method

 

Back 35

A. Bilateral modified cleaves

Front 36

What type of central ray angle is required when using the Taylor method for a male patient?

A. None (central ray is perpendicular)

B. 10 to 15 degrees caudad

C. 20 to 35 degrees cephalad

D. 30 to 45 degrees cephalad

Back 36

D. 30 to 45 degrees cephalad

Front 37

How much is the pelvis and/or thorax rotated for a PA axial oblique (Teufel method) for acetabulum?

A. 15 degrees toward affected side

B. 30 to 35 degrees away from affected side

C. 20 degrees away from affected side

D. 35 to 45 degree toward affected side

Back 37

D. 35 to 45 degree toward affected side

Front 38

What type of CR angle is required for the PA axial oblique (Teufel method) for acetabulum?

A. 12 degrees cephalad

B. 20 degrees caudad

C. 15 degrees cephalad

D. 25 degrees cephalad

Back 38

A. 12 degrees cephalad

Front 39

T/F The unilateral frog-leg projection (modified cleaves method) is intended for no traumatic hip situations

Back 39

True

Front 40

T/F Centering for the AP pelvis projection is 1 in, or 2.5 cm, superior to the symphysis pubis

Back 40

false. midway between ASIS and symphysis pubis

Front 41

T/F The modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method) is classified as a non traumatic lateral hip projection.

Back 41

false. trauma projection

Front 42

What type of CR angle is required for the Judet method?

A. 12 degrees cephalad

B. 5 to 10 degrees caudad

C. 15 degrees cephalad

D. None. Cr is perpendicular

Back 42

D. None. Cr is perpendicular

Front 43

Which one of the following projections or methods is used to evaluate the pelvic inlet (superior aperture) for possible fracture?

A. Danelius-Miller

B. AP axial projection

C. Taylor

D. Clements-Nakayama

Back 43

B. AP axial projection

Front 44

Situation: An initial AP pelvis radiograph reveals possible fractures involving the lower anterior pelvis. The emergency room physician asks for another projection to better demonstrate this area of the pelvis. The patient is traumatized and must remain in a supine position. Which position should be taken?

Back 44

The AP axial outlet projection (Taylor method) will elongate the pubis and ischium and define this region more completely.

Front 45

Situation: A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of a hip demonstrates a soft tissue density that is visible across the affected hip and acetabulum. This artifact is obscuring the image of the proximal femur. What is the most likely cause of the artifice, and how can it be prevented from showing up on the repeat exposure?

Back 45

It is soft tissue from the unaffected thigh. This leg must be flexed and elevated high enough to keep it from superimposing the affected hip.

Front 46

Situation: A unilateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves) demonstrates foreshortening of the femoral necks. The physician is unsure if this is a defect within the anatomical neck. What can be done to minimize distortion of the neck during a repeat exposure?

Back 46

Only abduct the femurs 20 to 30 degrees from the vertical rather than 45 degrees to mimize distortion of the femoral neck.

Front 47

Situation: A radiograph of an AP hip reveals that the lesser trochanters are not visible. Should the technologist repeat the projection? ____ If yes, what should be modified to improve the image during the repeat exposure?

Back 47

No. It is an acceptable image because the lesser trochanters should not be visible at all or only minimally on a well-positioned AP hip projection.

Front 48

Situation: A young patient with a clinical history of SCFE comes to the radiology department. Which projection(s) are most often taken for this condition?

Back 48

AP pelvis and bilateral "frog-leg"

Front 49

Situation: A radiograph produced using the Taylor method demonstrates that the anterior pelvic bones of a female patient are foreshortened. The following positioning factors were used: supine position, 40 in (100 cm) SID, and central ray angled 30 degrees caudal and centered 1 to 2 inches (3 to 5 cm) distal to symphysis pubis. HWich one of the following modifications should be made during the repeat exposure?

A. Increase central ray angle

B. Reverse central ray angle

C. Center central ray angle

D. Place patient prone on table

Back 49

B. Reverse central ray angle

Front 50

Situation: A radiograph of an AP projection of the pelvis demonstrates that the obturator foramen is narrowed and the right one is open. What is the specific positioning error present on this radiograph?

Back 50

rotation of pelvis toward the patient's left. the elevated or upside obturator foramen will become more narrowed as compared to the opposite side.

Front 51

Situation: A patient enters the emergency room with a possible pelvic ring fracture. The AP pelvis projection is inclusive on the extent and location of the fracture(s). What additional pelvis projection(s) can be taken on this patient to demonstrate possible pelvic fractures?

Back 51

multiple answers are correct: posterior oblique projections (Judet method) will demonstrate possible pelvic ring and acetabular fractures and AP axial "outlet" and AP axial "Inlet" projections will demonstrate possible fractures involving the ischium and pubis

Front 52

Situation: A radiograph of the Teufel method (PA axial oblique) demonstrates distortion of the acetabulum. During positioning, the patient was rotated 35 to 40 degrees toward the affected side and CR was angled 20 degrees cephalad. What modifications are needed during the repeat exposure?

Back 52

reduce CR angle to 12 degrees cephalad