Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
274 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
adnexa uteri
|
fallopian tubes, ovaries and supporting ligaments
|
|
amnion
|
innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
|
|
areola
|
dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
|
|
bartholin glands
|
small mucus-secreting exocrin glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to outside of the body)
|
|
cervix
|
lower, neck-like portion of the uterus
|
|
chorion
|
outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta
|
|
clitoris
|
organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra
|
|
coitus
|
sexual intercourse; copulation
|
|
corpus luteum
|
empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell; literally means yellow (luteum) body (corpus)
|
|
cul-de-sac
|
region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus
|
|
embryo
|
stage in prenatal development form 2-8 weeks
|
|
endometrium
|
inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus
|
|
estrogen
|
hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics
|
|
fallopian tube
|
oen of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus
|
|
fertilization
|
union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops
|
|
fetus
|
stage in prenatal development from 8-39 or 40 weeks
|
|
fimbriae (singular: fimbria)
|
finger- or fringe- like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
|
|
follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH)
|
secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)
|
|
gamete
|
male of female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum
|
|
genitalia
|
reproductive organs; also called genitals
|
|
gestation
|
period from fertilization of the ovum to birth
|
|
gonad
|
female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis
|
|
gynecology
|
study of the female reproductive organs including the breast
|
|
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
|
hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone
|
|
hymen
|
mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina
|
|
labia
|
lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips
|
|
lactigferous ducts
|
tubes that carry milk within the breast
|
|
luteinizing hormone
|
(LH) hormone produced by the pituitary gland; promotes ovulation
|
|
mammary papilla
|
nipple of the breast
|
|
papilla
|
is any small nipple-shaped projection
|
|
menarche
|
beggining of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce
|
|
menopause
|
gradual ending of menstration
|
|
menstration
|
monthly shedding of the uterine lining
|
|
menses
|
the flow of blood and tissue normally discharged during menstration
|
|
myometrium
|
muscle layer of the uterus
|
|
neonatology
|
branch of medicine that sutides the disorders and care of the newborn (neonate)
|
|
obstetrics
|
branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth
|
|
orifice
|
an opening
|
|
ovarian follicle
|
developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary. ovary of these sacs mature in a woman's lifetime
|
|
ovary
|
one of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis. almond-shaped, about the size of large walnuts, and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones
|
|
ovulation
|
release of the ovum from the ovary
|
|
ovum (plural: ova)
|
mature egg cell (female gamete) it develop from immature egg cells and oocytes
|
|
parturition
|
act of giving birth
|
|
perineum
|
in females, the area between the anus and the vagina
|
|
pituitary gland
|
endocrine gland at the base of the brain. it produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries
|
|
placenta
|
vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy. it serves as communication between maternal and fetal bloodstream
|
|
pregnancy
|
condition of a female of having developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks
|
|
progesterone
|
hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women
|
|
puberty
|
point in the life cyle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced
|
|
uterine serosa
|
outermost layer surrounding the uterus
|
|
uterus
|
hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs.
|
|
fundus
|
upper portion of the uterus
|
|
corpus
|
middle portion of the uterus
|
|
cervix
|
the lowermost, neck-like portion of the uterus
|
|
vagina
|
muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body
|
|
vulva
|
external female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice
|
|
zygote
|
stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks
|
|
amni/o
|
combing form for amnion
|
|
amniocentesis
|
surgical punture to remove fluid at the amnion; amniotic fluid is drawn out of the uterus
|
|
amniotic fluid
|
produced by fetal membranes and the fetus
|
|
cervic/o
|
combining form for cervix; neck
|
|
endocervicitis
|
inflammation within the cervix
|
|
chori/o; chorion/o
|
combining form for chorion
|
|
colp/o
|
combining form for vagina
|
|
chorionic
|
pertaining to the chorion
|
|
colposcopy
|
visual examination of the vagina
|
|
culdocentesis
|
needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac
|
|
culd/o
|
combining form for cul-de-sac
|
|
episi/o
|
combining form for vulva
|
|
episiotomy
|
an incision through the skin of the perineum enlarges the vaginal orifice for delivery
|
|
galact/o
|
combining form of milk
|
|
galactorrhea
|
abnormal, persistent discharge of milk
|
|
gynec/o
|
combining form for woman, female
|
|
gynecomastia
|
enlargement of breasts in a male.
|
|
hyster/o
|
combining form for uterus or womb
|
|
hysterectomy
|
removal of the entire uterus (including the cervix) through an abdominal incision
|
|
total abdominal hysterectomy
|
TAH. removal of the entire uterus
|
|
vaginal hysterectomy
|
VH. removal through the vagina
|
|
laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy
|
LSH. partial hysterectomy that preserves the cervix
|
|
hysteroscopy
|
visual examination of the uterus
|
|
lact/o
|
another combining form for milk
|
|
lactation
|
the normal secretion of milk
|
|
mamm/o
|
combining form for breast
|
|
mammary
|
pertaining to the breast
|
|
mammoplasty
|
surgical repair of the breast. includes reduction and augmentation (enlargement) operations
|
|
mast/o
|
another combining form for breast
|
|
mastitis
|
inflammation of breast
|
|
mastectomy
|
removal of the breast
|
|
men/o
|
combining form which means menses, menstration, month
|
|
amenorrhea
|
absence of menses
|
|
dysmenorrhea
|
painful menstration
|
|
oligomenorrhea
|
infrequent menstrual periods or scanty menses
|
|
menorrhagia
|
abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods.
|
|
-rrhagia
|
a suffix which means bursting fort of blood
|
|
metr/o; metri/o
|
combining form for uterus
|
|
metrorrhagia
|
bleeding between menses
|
|
menometrorrhagia
|
excessive uterine bleeding during and between menstrual periods
|
|
my/o
|
combining form means muscle
|
|
myoma
|
means muscle tumor
|
|
myometrium
|
The muscular wall of the uterus
|
|
myomectomy
|
removal of fibroids (myomas) from the uterus
|
|
nat/i
|
combining form for birth
|
|
neonatal
|
pertaining to new birth
|
|
neo-
|
a prefix that means new
|
|
obstetr/o
|
pregnancy and childbirth
|
|
obstetrics
|
meaning midwife
|
|
o/o; ov/o; ovul/o
|
egg
|
|
oogenesis
|
meaning egg formation or development
|
|
oocyte
|
meaning egg cell (immature ovum)
|
|
oophor/o
|
combining form means ovary
|
|
oophorectomy
|
removal of the ovary
|
|
phor/o
|
combining form means to bear
|
|
perine/o
|
combining form for perineum
|
|
ovum
|
mature egg cell
|
|
ovarian
|
pertaining to the ovary or ovaries
|
|
anovulatory
|
pertaining to no ovulation
|
|
perineorrhaphy
|
suture of the perineum
|
|
oophoritis
|
inflammation of the ovary
|
|
salping/o
|
combining form for fallopian tubes
|
|
salpingectomy
|
removal of the fallopian tube
|
|
uter/o
|
combining form for uterus
|
|
uterine prolapse
|
Bulging of the uterus into the vagina
|
|
vagin/o
|
combining form for vagina
|
|
vaginal orifice
|
pertaining to the opening of the vagina
|
|
orifice
|
means is an opening
|
|
vaginitis
|
inflammation of the vagina
|
|
vulv/o
|
combining form for vulva
|
|
vulvovaginitis
|
inflammation of the vagina and vulva
|
|
-arche
|
suffix means beginning
|
|
menarche
|
beginning of the period
|
|
-cyesis
|
suffix means pregnancy
|
|
pseudocyesis
|
means false pregnancy
|
|
pseudo-
|
prefix means false
|
|
-gravida
|
suffix means pregnant
|
|
primigravida
|
meaning first pregnancy
|
|
primi-
|
prefix means first
|
|
-parous
|
suffix means bearing; bringing forth
|
|
primiparous
|
a woman who has given birth to at least one child
|
|
-rrhea
|
suffix means discharge; flow
|
|
leukorrhea
|
A thick, whitish discharge from the vagina or cervical canal
|
|
menorrhea
|
discharge of menses
|
|
-salpinx
|
suffix meaning fallopian tube
|
|
pyosalpinx
|
the fallopian tube containing pus
|
|
-tocia
|
suffix meaning labor, birth
|
|
dystocia
|
means painful labor
|
|
oxytocia
|
rapid labor
|
|
oxy-
|
prefix means rapid
|
|
-version
|
suffix means act of turning
|
|
cephalic version
|
the fetus turns so that the head is the body part closest to the cervix
|
|
fetal presentation
|
is the manner in which the fetus appears to the examiner during delivery
|
|
breech presentation
|
is buttocks first or feet first in delivery
|
|
cephalic presentation
|
head first in delivery
|
|
dyspareunia
|
painful intercourse
|
|
pareunia
|
means sexual intercourse
|
|
endometritis
|
inflammation within the uterus
|
|
involution of the uterus
|
return of menstruation after pregnancy; the uterus returns to its normal non-pregnant size
|
|
vol-
|
prefix means to roll
|
|
intrauterine device
|
in place to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg
|
|
multipara
|
means multiple births
|
|
multigravida
|
means pregnant more than once
|
|
nulligravida
|
means no pregnancy
|
|
nullipara
|
a woman who has never borne a viable child
|
|
prenatal
|
pertaining to before birth
|
|
pre-
|
prefix means before
|
|
primi
|
prefix means first
|
|
primipara
|
means first given birth labor
|
|
retroversion
|
A turning or tilting backward, as of the uterus
|
|
carcinoma of the cervix
|
malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)
|
|
human papillomavirus
|
HPV means?
|
|
dysplasia
|
abnormal cell growth
|
|
carcinoma in situ
|
CIS means?
|
|
cervicitis
|
inflammation of the cervix
|
|
cryocauterization
|
destroying tissue by freezing
|
|
carcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial cancer)
|
malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma)
|
|
endometriosis
|
endometrial tissue located outside the uterus
|
|
fibroids
|
benign tumors in the uterus
|
|
ovarian carcinoma
|
malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)
|
|
ovarian cysts
|
collections of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary
|
|
dermoid cysts
|
are lined with a variety of cell types, including hair, teeth, and cartilage and arise from immature egg cells in the ovary
|
|
teratoma
|
monster tumor
|
|
terat/o
|
combining form for monster
|
|
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
|
inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region
|
|
carcinoma of the breast (breast cancer)
|
malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)
|
|
lumpectomy
|
removal of lump
|
|
senitnel node biopsy
|
SNB means?
|
|
estrogen receptors
|
ERs
|
|
fibrocystic disease
|
numerous small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast
|
|
abruptio placentae
|
premature separation of the implanted placenta
|
|
choriocarcinoma
|
malignant tumor of the placenta
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location
|
|
multiple gestation
|
more than one fetus inside the uterus
|
|
placenta previa
|
implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus
|
|
preeclampsia
|
abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache
|
|
down syndrome
|
chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) results in mental retardation, retarded growth, a flat face with a short nose, low-set ears, and slanted eyes
|
|
erythroblastosis fetalis
|
hemolytic disease in the newborn (HND) caused by blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus
|
|
hyaline membrane disease
|
acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn
|
|
respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
|
RDS means?
|
|
hydrocephalus
|
accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain
|
|
meconium aspiration syndrome
|
abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool) produced by a fetus or newborn
|
|
pyloric stenosis
|
narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum
|
|
pap test
|
microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix
|
|
pregnancy test
|
blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG
|
|
hysterosalpingography
|
HSG. xray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material
|
|
mammography
|
xray imaging of the breast
|
|
breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI
|
technologies using sound waves and magnetic waves to create images of breast tissue
|
|
pelvic ultrasonography
|
recording images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region
|
|
aspiration
|
withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction
|
|
cauterization
|
destruction of tissue by burning
|
|
conization
|
removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix
|
|
cryosurgery
|
use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue
|
|
dilation and curettage
|
D&C widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus
|
|
exenteration
|
removal of internal organs within a cavity
|
|
pelvic exenteration
|
is removal of the organs and adjacent structures of the pelvis
|
|
laparoscopy
|
visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope
|
|
minimally invasive surgery
|
MIS means?
|
|
Tubal ligation
|
blocking the fallopian tube to prevent fertilization from occuring
|
|
abortion
|
AB
|
|
amniocentesis
|
needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid and analysis
|
|
cesarean section
|
surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus
|
|
chorionic villus sampling
|
CVS. sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis
|
|
fetal monitoring
|
continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to reduce fetal distress during labor
|
|
in vitro fertilization
|
IVF. egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization
|
|
pelvimetry
|
measurement of the dimensions of the maternal pelvis
|
|
alpha-fetoprotein
|
AFP. high levels in amniotic fluid of fetus or maternal serum indicate increased risk of neurologic birth defects in the infant
|
|
atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
|
ASCUS. the pap smear is abnormal but does not meet the criteria for a specific lesion
|
|
abnormal uterine bleeding
|
AUB
|
|
breast cancer 1 & 2
|
BRCA1/ BRCA2. genetic mutations associated with increased risk for breast cancer
|
|
breast self-examination
|
BSE
|
|
cesarean section
|
c- section
|
|
CA 125
|
protein marker elevated in ovarian cancer (normal range of values is 0-35)
|
|
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
|
CIN
|
|
cesarean section
|
CS means?
|
|
cervix
|
Cx
|
|
ductal carcinoma in situ
|
DCIS. a precancerous breast lesion that indicates a higher risk for invasive ductal breast cancer
|
|
diethylstilbestrol
|
DES. an estrogen compound used in the treatment of menopausal problems involving estrogen deficiency
|
|
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
|
DUB
|
|
endocervical curettage
|
ECC
|
|
estimated date of confinement
|
EDC
|
|
endometrial biopsy
|
EMB
|
|
fetal heart rate
|
FHR
|
|
gravida (pregnant)
|
G
|
|
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
|
GnRH. secreted by the hypothalamus to stimulate to release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland
|
|
gynecology
|
GYN
|
|
hemolytic disease of the newborn
|
HDN
|
|
hormone replacement therapy
|
HRT
|
|
intrauterine device; contraceptive
|
IUD
|
|
laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy
|
LAVH
|
|
loop electrocautery excision procedure
|
LEEP
|
|
last menstrual period
|
LMP
|
|
multipara; multiparous
|
multip
|
|
obstetrics
|
OB
|
|
oral contraceptive pills
|
OCPs
|
|
para 2- 0-1-2
|
a woman's reproductive history: 2 full-term infants, 0 preterm, 1 abortion, and 2 living children
|
|
pathology
|
Path
|
|
premenstrual syndrome
|
PMS
|
|
primipara; primiparous
|
primip
|
|
total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
|
TAH-BSO
|
|
trans-rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap
|
TRAM fla. for breast reconstruction
|
|
Uterine artery embolization
|
UAE
|
|
fetus
|
embryo from the third month after 8 weeks to birth
|
|
lactiferous ducts
|
tubes that carry milk within the breast
|
|
gametes
|
sex cells; the sperm cell and egg cell
|
|
gonads
|
in the female and male that produce gametes (ovaries and testes)
|
|
bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
|
removal of both fallopian tubes and both ovaries
|
|
oxytoxin
|
hormone that stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract
|
|
total hysterectomy
|
removal of the entire uterus
|
|
nulliparous
|
a woman who has never given birth
|
|
cervical carcinoma
|
malignant condition that can be diagnosed by a Pap smear, revealing dysplastic changes in cells
|
|
cystadenocarcinoma
|
malignant tumor of the ovary
|
|
leiomyoma
|
benign muscle tumor in the uterus
|
|
Pap smear
|
cells are scraped from the cervix or vagina for microscopic analysis
|
|
fontanelle
|
the soft spot between the newborn's cranial bones
|
|
apgar score
|
the evaluation of the newborn's physical condition
|
|
abortion
|
premature termination of pregnancy
|