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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
True or false. Follicular cysts in the ovaries commonly develop as a normal part of the menstrual cycle.
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True
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What are indications for a hysterosalpingogram?
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evaluate functional or structural defects of uterus and uterine tubes, evaluate fertility, can be therapeutic
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Females are born with about 1 million "eggs". They do not produce additional eggs or ova during their lifetime. At the time of puberty girls generally have about _________ remaining.
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400,000
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Ther term used to describe an unfertilized ova going through neoplastic changes is:
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dermoid cyst (teratoma)
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Benign breast tumors are most commonly found in:
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Upper outer quadrant
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Breast tissue goes through changes as women age. This change takes breast from dense fibroglandular to adipose tissues. This process is called:
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involution
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A cancer of abnormal growth of epithelial cells, associated with human papillary virus, in female reproductive system which is often is identified in a pap smear is:
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cervical carcinoma
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Which neoplastic condition is characterized as being a benign, solid mass influenced by estrogen?
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Leiomyoma
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Malignant breast tumors are most commonly found in:
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upper outer quadrant
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Which of the following terms describes a duplication of uterus?
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uterus didelphys
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That diagnostic procedure used to measure distance between ishial spines (pelvic outlet) and compare information with measurements taken of fetal head is:
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pelvimetry
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The absence of menstrual cycle is called:
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Amenorrhea
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Radiologists studying mammograms will often look for clusters of calcifications because calcifications will occur in _____% of malignant lesions.
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40
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When an embryo develops within the uterine tube it is called:
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ectopic pregnancy
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True or false. Patient dose in mammography has been significantly reduced (cut in half) with the use of digital imaging.
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True
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Stein-Leventhal syndrome is often associated with:
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Polycystic ovaries
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True or false. Malignant breast tumors are dense and stellate?
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True
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Normal uterine tissue located outside the uterus is called:
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endometriosis
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What can predispose a woman to cervical cancer?
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HPV, STDs and multiple sex partners
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Fertilization of the ova takes place in:
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Uterine tubes
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What types of bacteria can cause PID?
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Gonococcus, staphylococcus or streptococcus
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Termination of a hystersalpingogram is dependent on:
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spillage of contrast into the abdomen
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That imaging modality which best differentiates between cystic or solid lesions is:
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Ultrasound
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Mastitis is an infection of the breast most commonly associated with what type of bacteria:
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Staphylococcus
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This type of malignant ovarian tumor "seeds" cancer cells along peritoneal surfaces and so spreads throughout the abdomen.
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Cystadenocarcinoma
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Which factors aids in the reduction of patient exposure during mammography?
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Digital and the use of compression devices
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When a lack of uterine support is present, a device is insterted into the vagina to provide support. Name the device.
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Pessary
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What does gravid mean?
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Pregnant
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In a normal woman the fundus of the uterus lies anterior to the crevis and away from the rectum. This is ___________.
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Anteverted
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If the uterus is more vertical than normal it is said to be __________.
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Retroverted
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If the juterus is completely bent back and lies against the rectosigmoid colon, it is said to be ____________.
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Retroflexed
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If the uterus is tilted vertically forward and lies on top of the bladder it is said to be ____________.
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Anteflexed
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Inflammation of the breast is called:
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Mastitis
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_____________ result fro faulty reabsorption of the fluid from incompletely developed follicles.
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Follicular ovarian cysts
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__________ occur when resorption of any blood leaked into the cavity after ovulation leaves behind a small cyst.
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Corpus luteum ovarian cysts
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Enlarged ovaries containing multiple small cysts are called:
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Polycystic ovaries
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The most lethal gynecologic malignancy is:
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Cystadenocarcinoma
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____________ is a malignant tumor of the ovary, accounting for more than 60% of all ovarian cancers.
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Cystadenocarcinoma
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Another name for cervical carcinoma is:
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dysplasia
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__________ is a common malignancy caused by an abnormal growth pattern of epithelial cells around the neck of the uterus.
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Cervical carcinoma
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___________ are benign solid masses of the uterus that develop from an overgrowth of the uterine smooth muscle tissue.
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Leiomyomas
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After menopause, leiomyomas are replaced largely by scar tissue, leading to the misnomer:
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Uterine fibroids
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The most common malignancy of the uterus is:
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Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial carcinoma)
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Benign breast tumors that are usually unilateral and consist of solid, well defined mass that does not invade surrounding tissue is:
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Fibroadenoma
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______ is formed by an overgrowth of fibrous and glandular tissue.
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Fibroadenoma
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An overgrowth of fibrous tissue or cystic hyperplasia results in:
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fibrocystic breasts
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____________ is when there is too much amniotic fluid present.
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Polyhydramnios
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_____________ is when there is not enough amniotic fluid present.
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Oligohydramnios
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___________ is when an embryo develops outside the uterine cavity.
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Ectopic pregnancy
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What is it called when the implantation of the placenta leaves all or part of the cervical os covered?
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Placenta previa
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When a placenta prematurely separates from the uterus it is called:
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placental abruption
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___________ is a condition in which the placenta extends into the myometrium, causing an unduly firm attachment that bleeds at delivery because it does not separate normally.
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Placental percreta
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What is a hydatidiform mole?
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Abnormal conception in which there is usually no fetus. The uterus fills with cystically dilated chorionic villi that resemble a bunch of grapes.
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What are contraindications for a hysterosalpingogram?
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PID, pregnancy, during menstrual cycle
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What is a sonohystogram?
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Ultrasound imaging, saline is injected, terminates when saline enters abdomen
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During the menstrual cycle the ________ enlarges.
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Myometrium
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What is bicornuate uterus?
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Paired uterine horns
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What is unicornuate uterus?
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Single uterine tube
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What is uterine didelphys?
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Duplicate reproductive organs
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What is PID?
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Pelvic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection. The uterine tubes often infected, usually bilaterally. May lead to sterility from scarring. Antibiotics used to treat.
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Mastitis is a bacterial infection usually caused by ____________ bacteria.
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Follicular and corpus luteum cysts are examples of :
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Ovarian cysts
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What type of cysts are common and a normal part of menstrual cycle?
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Follicular and corpus luteum cysts
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What is the treatment for endometriosis?
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Mild cases are treated with hormones. Can be treated surgically.
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What is Stein-Leventhal syndrome?
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An endocrine abnormality inhibiting maturation and release of ova.
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What pathology is associated with Stein-Leventhal syndrome?
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Polycystic ovaries
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What is the treatment for polycystic ovaries?
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Drugs to induce ovulation
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Polycystic ovaries may lead to:
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Amenorrhea and sterility
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What is the treatment for teratomas?
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Surgical removal
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Unfertalized ova that go through neoplastic change form:
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Dermoid cysts (cystic teratoma)
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What type of malignancy accounts for more than 75% of all ovarian cancers?
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Cystadenocarcinoma
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What are risk factors for cystadenocarcinoma?
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High fat diet, late child bearing, delayed menopause, family history
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What is the treatment for cystadenocarcinoma?
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Surgery, chemo, and radiation therapy
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Metastasis to abdominal structures is common in which ovarian pathology?
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Cystadenocarcinoma
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What is the prognosis for cystadenomacarcinoma?
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Poor because of vague or absent symptoms
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Solid tissue invading the outside of the ovary presents in which pathology?
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Ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma
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This malignancy is caused by abnormal growth of epithelial cells.
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Cervical carcinoma
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This pathology is tied to hormonal changes in aging women.
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Endometrial cancer
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What is the treatment for endometrial cancer?
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Surgery, chemo and radiation
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This pathology is caused by overgrowth of uterine smooth muscle tissue.
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Leiomyoma
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What sized focal spot is used in mammo?
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.4-.6
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What type of female reproductive pathology is influenced by estrogen?
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Leiomyoma
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What type of breast tumor is estrogen dependent?
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Fibroadenoma
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What are risk factors for fibrocystic breasts?
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Hormone levels, family, high fat diet, high salt intake, high caffeine intake
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Why do hydatidiform moles form?
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Absence of female chromosome (Y only)
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What is the primary female reproductive organ?
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Ovary
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What does the corpus luteum do?
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Houses the ova as it is maturing, prior to ovulation
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XX are chromosomes indicating a __________ whereas XY indicates a __________.
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Female, male
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