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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are steriods made from?
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cholesterol
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name 3 glycoproteins involved in reproduction.
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LH, FSH, chorionic gonadotrophin
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Name 4 peptides involved in reproduction
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Oxytocin, Prolactin, Relaxin, GnRH
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Name 5 steroids involved in reproduction.
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Oestradiol, testosterone, progesterone, cortisol, aldosterone
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why is GnRH hard to use artificially?
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relatively short 1/2 life - breaks down relatively quickly
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What are the 2 main gonadotrophins that the anterior pituitary secretes?
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LH and FSH
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What is the biological specificity of the gonadotrophins conferred by?
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the B sub-unit.
The a subunit is common to LH, FSH, TSH and hCG |
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What is the secretion of LH regulated by?
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GnRH and gonadal steroids
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How does the pulse frequency of the secretion of Lh differ?
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different during the different stages of the oestrous cycle
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what is the pre-ovulatory surge of LH responsible for?
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follicular rupture and ovulation
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what is the main hormone regulating progesterone synthesis in the corpus luteum?
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LH
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what stimulates growth and maturation of a follicle
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FSH
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what does FSH do in the absence of LH?
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stimulates formation of oestradiol from both the ovary and the testis
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where does FSH mainly act?
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on granulosa cells of the follicle where it regulates aromatase activity
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what is FSH release controlled by?
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GnRH, steroids, inhibin/activin
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what is the main target tissue of prolactin?
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mammary gland where it promotes milk synthesis
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what does prolactin induce when it acts on the CNS?
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maternal behaviour
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what is prolactin secretion regulated by?
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dopamine and TRH
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where is oxytocin synthesised?
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by nerve cell bodies within hypothalamic nuclei
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where is oxytocin transported to?
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by axons to terminals within posterior pituitary
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when are oxytocin levels elevated?
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lactation, partuition and mating
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what is oxytocin essential for?
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milk ejection reflex
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why do steroid hormones mainly circulate in a bound state?
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they are hydrophobic
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where does oogenesis occur?
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the follicle
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where does female hormone production occur?
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the follicle
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what are the follicular and luteal phases separated by?
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ovulation
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what induces ovulation?
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surge of LH
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what is the corpus luteum formed from?
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granulosa and theca cells
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what do the large luteal cells arise from?
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granulosa cells
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what do small luteal cells arise from?
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theca cells
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what is the main function of the corpus luteum?
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to secrete progesterone
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what is progesterone biosynthesis in the corpus luteum controlled by?
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LH in the non-fertile cycle and hCG in early pregnancy in the primate
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