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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is one of the most common complaints among women seeking care?
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Vaginal Complaints
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Causes of Vulva, Vagina, Cervix conditions
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Aging
Poor nutrition Drugs that alter mucosa Contamination |
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Normal Vagina
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p.H. 3.8-4.2
discharge - clear or white odor - none complaints - none |
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Lower gential infections
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Most r/t sexual contact
Tissue injury Bacterial Viral |
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Genital Viral Disorders
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Herpes
Genital warts |
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Most common reason females seek medical care
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Vaginitis
easily diagnosed w/ microscopic exam |
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Vaginitis Clinical Manifestations
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Inflammation
Discharge Burning/Itching Swelling Dysuria |
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Etiology of Vaginitis
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Prepubescent
(Possible sexual abuse) Foreign Bodies Parasites Poor Hygiene Childbearing Candida Albicans Trich Vaginalis Bacterial Vaginosis Postmenopausal Atrophy of vagina Decreased estrogen |
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Causes of Cervical CA
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Repeated cervical injury
HPV Smokers have 50% higher risk |
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Risk Factors
Multiple Sex partners Young age at onset of sex |
Cervical CA
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Diagnosis of Cervical CA
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Pap smear
High false positive/false negative |
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Clinical Manifestations Cervial Cancer
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Asymptomatic in early stages
Leukorrhea Non-menstrual bleeding Avg age 50 Late symptoms Pain Weigh loss, cachexia Anorexia Anemia |
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RX Cervical CA
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Lesion removal
Surgery Radiation or both |
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PID Risk Factors
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Age 16-24
Multiple Sex Partners Nulliparity PMH PID |
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Clinical Manifestations of PID
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Severe pelvic pain
Purulent vaginal discharge Fever Irregular uterine bleeding Abscesses Ectopic pregnancy |
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RX PID
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Broad-spectrum antibiotics
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Most Common female CA
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Breast Cancer
1 in 8 women will develop |
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Risk Factors for breast ca
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Age
Female Heredity Early menses nulliparity >30 first birth |
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Secondary Prevention Breast CA
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Monthly BSE - starting 18
<40 - exam q 3 years 40-50 - yearly exam 50 + - yearly mammogram |
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Dx Breast CA
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Physical Exam
Mammogram Fine Needle aspiration Biopsy Ultrasound |
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Breast CA Staging
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Tumor
Nodes More nodes= more serious prognosis Metastasis |
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Multiple benign ovarian cysts
< age 30 Increased LH, Decreased FSH |
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PCOS Clinical Manifestations
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Menstrual Irregularity
Chronic anovulation Hyperandrogenism Hyperinsulemia Amenorrhea Obesity Hirsutism Acne Hyperlipidemia Hypertension Atherosclerosis |
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Pregnancy test
Thyroid Fx Serum FSH, LH Serum prolactin Fasting glucose |
Diagnostic tests for PCOS
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Most frequent gynecological CA
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Endometrial cancer
With early dx, low mortality/high survival Avg age 61 |
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Clinical Manifestations Endometrial CA
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Abnormal uterine bleeding
any vaginal bleeding postmenopausal Must r/o CA Pain r/t late progression |
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DX Endometrial CA
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Endometrial Biopsy
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S/S Ectopic Pregnancy
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Sudden lower abd pain
Vaginal hemorrhage Shock |
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PMS
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Somatic, behavorial, cognitive
Occurs prior to menstruation |
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Dysmenorrhea
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Abd cramping/pain
Affects 50% females Headache Diarrhea Vomiting |
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Dysmenorrhea Clinical Manifestations
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Onset 12-24 hrs before menses
Most severe 1st day, lasts 1-2 days |
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Staph aureus
Prolonged tampon/pad use |
TSS
High fever Widespread fine red rash "burn" Muscle pain Vomitting Diarrhea |
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Treatment of TSS
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Antibiotics
Cephalosporins Penicillins Possible surgery |
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1st menstrual change
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Perimenopause
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Menopause
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12 months after last period
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Postmenopause
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anytime after menopause
process of 5-13 years |
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More deaths than any other female reproductive CA, including breast CA
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Ovarian Cancer
Diagnosed in later stages Mortality >50% |
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Ovarian CA Risk Factors
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Increasing Age
High fat diet Family hx BRCA -1 gene mutation |
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What do:
breast feeding, Multiple pregnancies, > 5 years OC use and Early age at first birth have in common? |
Factors r/t lower ovarian CA risk
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Pelvic Support Disorders
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Uterine prolapse - Uterus falls out
Cystocele - Bladder falls out Rectocele - rectum falls out |
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Risk Factors for Pelvic Support Disorders
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Vaginal Birth
Straining during BM Chronic Cough Obesity Post-menopausal estrogen decrease |
