Female Repro System

Front 1

site of fetal development

Back 1

uterus

Front 2

copulatory canal

Back 2

vagina

Front 3

egg typically fertilized here

Back 3

fallopian (unterine) tube

Front 4

becomes erect during sexual excitement, made of erectile tissue, sensitive to the touch

Back 4

clitoris

Front 5

duct extending suprolaterally from the uterus

Back 5

fallopian (unterine) tube

Front 6

partially closes the vaginal canal; a membrane

Back 6

hymen

Front 7

produces oocytes, estrogens and progesterone

Back 7

ovaries

Front 8

fingerlike ends of the uterine tube

Back 8

fimbria

Front 9

name the 3 layers of the uterine wall

Back 9

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

Front 10

which layer of the uterine wall contracts during birth

Back 10

myometrium

Front 11

female gametes

Back 11

ova (one per month)

Front 12

shape and location of ovaries

Back 12

paired almond shaped, lies in the true pelvis and help in place by mesentry of the ovary

Front 13

broad ligament of the ovaries

Back 13

large fold of peritoneum that hangs from the the uterus and uterine tubes

Front 14

suspensory ligament of the ovaries

Back 14

lateral continuation of the broad ligament and attaches ovary to lateral pelvic wall

Front 15

oocytes

Back 15

developing gametes
immature egg cells going through meiosis

Front 16

tunica albuginea

Back 16

fibrous capsule that surrounds the ovary, covered by simple cuboidal epithelia called germinal epithelia

Front 17

ovarian cortex

Back 17

houses developing gametes called oocytes

Front 18

ovarian medulla

Back 18

loose connective tissue containing largest blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels (enters through the hilum)

Front 19

main substance of the ovary is divided into 2 portions. Name them.

Back 19

ovarian cortex
ovarian medulla

Front 20

oogenesis

Back 20

ovum production

Front 21

ovum

Back 21

female sperm/egg

Front 22

location of oogenesis

Back 22

takes place inside the ovarian follicles in the ovaries as part of the ovarian cycle

Front 23

oogonia

Back 23

stem cells, complete miotic divisions before birth

Front 24

ovarian cycle

Back 24

menstrual cycle as it relates to the ovary and is composed of 3 phases

Front 25

3 phases of the ovarian cycle

Back 25

1) follicular
2) ovulation
3) luteal phase

Front 26

ovarian cycles start when?

Back 26

at puberty under the influence of estrogen

Front 27

primordial follicle

Back 27

consists of an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flat supportive cells called follicular cells

Front 28

follicular phase

Back 28

dormant stage, ready to develop
at the start of each ovarian cycle, 6-12 primordial follicles start to grow initiating it and lasting for 2 weeks

Front 29

primary follicle

Back 29

primordial follicle starts to grow, cells become cuboidal and oocyte grows larger
day 3-6

Front 30

structure of primary follicle

Back 30

double layer of theca cells
enlargement is due to estrogen
more atresia

Front 31

secondary follicle

Back 31

liquor follicle appears
theca more developed
granulose cells produce estrogen under influence of FSH
zona pellucida visible
day 8-10

Front 32

theca

Back 32

connective tissue that condenses around the exterior of the follicle

Front 33

zona pellucida

Back 33

glycoprotein coat, a protective shell that a sperm must penetrate to fertilize the oocyte

Front 34

Phases 2 of Oogenesis

Back 34

ovulation

Front 35

ovulation occurs when

Back 35

occurs halfway through each ovarian cycle

Front 36

ovulation

Back 36

oocyte exits the ovaries and is swept into the uterine tube, the signal to begin is a sudden release of large quantities of LH

Front 37

tertiary follicle

Back 37

day 11-14
ready for ovulation
theca is well developed
granulosa cells are secreting estrogen
first meiosis is complete

Front 38

function of ovulation

Back 38

oocyte and follicular cells are shed into the abdominal cavity and collected by the fimbria

Front 39

corpus luteum

Back 39

endocrine gland in the luteal phase, secretes estrogen and progesterone

Front 40

corpus luteum degenerates into

Back 40

corpus albicans when there is no implantation

Front 41

unterine cycle

Back 41

menstrual cycle as it relates to the endometrium and consists of 3 phases

Front 42

3 phases of the uterine cycle

Back 42

menstrual
proliferative
secretory

Front 43

menstrual phase

Back 43

day 1-5
functional layer is shed

Front 44

proliferative phase

Back 44

day 6-14
functional layer rebuilds

Front 45

secretory

Back 45

day 15-28
endometrium prepares for implantation of the embryo

Front 46

menstrual cycle

Back 46

day 1: first day of menses
day 7-14: follicle develops, secretes estrogen
day 14: ovulation
day 14-28: luteal phase

Front 47

luteal phase

Back 47

corpus luteum forms from follicle, secretes progesterone, eventually becomes corpus albicans

Front 48

uterine tube

Back 48

receives the ovulated oocyte and are the site for fertilization

Front 49

uterine tube is also called

Back 49

fallopian tube
oviduct
salpinx

Front 50

infundibulum of the uterine tube

Back 50

opens into the peritoneal cavity

Front 51

uterine ampulla

Back 51

forms half the lenght of the uterine tube, place of fertilization

Front 52

isthmus

Back 52

medial 3rd portion of the tube

Front 53

histology of the endometrium

Back 53

ciliated and non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia

Front 54

purpose of cilia in the uterine tubes

Back 54

ciliary movement, along with peristaltic contractions move the ova

Front 55

endometrium

Back 55

mucosal lining of the uterine cavity, in 2 layers

Front 56

name the 2 layers of the endometrium

Back 56

functional and basal

Front 57

myometrium

Back 57

bulky middle layer consisting of bundles of smooth muscle that contract during childbirth to expel the baby

Front 58

perimetrium

Back 58

incomplete
visceral peritoneum

Front 59

blood supply of the uterus

Back 59

uterine arteries from the internal iliac
ovarian arteries from the abdominal aorta

Front 60

uterus consists of 4 areas

Back 60

fundus
body
isthmus
cervix

Front 61

fundus

Back 61

rounded region superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes

Front 62

body

Back 62

major portion of the uterus

Front 63

isthmus

Back 63

narrowed region inferior to the body

Front 64

cervix

Back 64

fibrous ring that keeps the uterus closed during pregnancy

Front 65

functional layer of endometrium

Back 65

sheds during menses

Front 66

basal layer of endometrium

Back 66

permanent layer deep to the functionalis

Front 67

function of the uterus

Back 67

protection of the embryo/fetus
nutritional support
waste removal
ejection of fetus at birth

Front 68

vagina

Back 68

fibromuscular tube
receptacle for intercourse
passageway for menstrual products
birth canal
made of 3 layers: outer adventia, muscularis and inner mucosa

Front 69

fornix

Back 69

pocket surrounding the uterine cervix

Front 70

labia majora

Back 70

female counterpart to the scrotum, encloses the labia minora

Front 71

labia minora

Back 71

encloses the vestibule which protects the external openings of the urethra and vagina

Front 72

fertilization

Back 72

acromosal reaction
cortical reaction
fertilized zygote enters the uterus at day 4

Front 73

acromosal reaction

Back 73

enzymes in the acromosome dissolve part of the zona pellucida

Front 74

cortical receptors

Back 74

destroys the receptors for further sperm

Front 75

when does fertilization occur

Back 75

when the chromosomes from the male and female gametes come together within the ovum

Front 76

implantation occurs when

Back 76

day 6

Front 77

blastoclast stage

Back 77

fertilized egg before implantation

Front 78

trophoblast

Back 78

layer that will provide the embryo with nourishment

Front 79

placenta

Back 79

formed from trophoblasts and endometrium

Front 80

function of the placenta

Back 80

becomes an endocrine gland
provides nutrition and waste removal

Front 81

parturition

Back 81

the act of giving birth

Front 82

gestation

Back 82

280 days, 266 days after last menstruation

Front 83

3 stages of parturition

Back 83

dilation: 1st contraction to 10cm
expulsion: from dilation to delivery
placental: delivery of the placenta

Front 84

mammary gland

Back 84

modified sweat gland
produces milk

Front 85

structure of the mammary gland

Back 85

15-20 separate lobes separated by suspensory ligaments each containing several secretory lobules

Front 86

lactiferous ducts

Back 86

leaving the lobules, converges into 15-20 lactiferous sinuses

Front 87

lactiferous sinuses

Back 87

milk is stored here until released at the tip of the nipple, influenced by oxytocin