Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
544 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
away from
|
Ab
|
|
|
to, toward
|
Ad
|
|
|
up
|
Ana
|
|
|
against
|
Anti
|
|
|
life
|
Bio
|
|
|
together
|
Con
|
|
|
to undo, free from
|
Dis
|
|
|
back of body
|
Dors/i
|
|
|
outside
|
Ecto
|
|
|
inward
|
Eso
|
|
|
cause (of disease)
|
Eti/o
|
|
|
under, below
|
Infra
|
|
|
bad
|
Mal
|
|
|
middle
|
Meso
|
|
|
one
|
Mono
|
|
|
death (cells of body)
|
Necro
|
|
|
night
|
Noct/i
|
|
|
organ
|
Organ/o
|
|
|
light
|
Photo
|
|
|
first
|
Prim/i
|
|
|
back
|
Retro
|
|
|
half
|
Semi
|
|
|
over, above
|
Super
|
|
|
three
|
Tri
|
|
|
beyond, excess
|
Ultra
|
|
|
one
|
Uni
|
|
|
cell
|
-cytle
|
|
|
condition
|
-iasis
|
|
|
disease
|
-pathy
|
|
|
inflammation
|
-itis
|
|
|
instrument for visual examination
|
-scope
|
|
|
pain
|
-algia
|
|
|
killing
|
-cidal
|
|
|
vomiting
|
-emesis
|
|
|
smell
|
-odia
|
|
|
vision
|
-opia
|
|
|
infection
|
-sepsis
|
|
|
air, gas
|
Aer/o
|
|
|
alveolus
|
Alveol/o
|
|
|
rib
|
Cost/o
|
|
|
breast
|
Mast/o
|
|
|
breath
|
Spir/o
|
|
|
bronchus
|
Bronch/i
|
|
|
bronchiole
|
Bronchiol/e
|
|
|
chest
|
Steth/o
|
|
|
lobe
|
Lob/o
|
|
|
lung
|
Pulmon/o
|
|
|
lung, air
|
Pneumat/o
|
|
|
lung, air
|
Pneum/o
|
|
|
lung, air
|
Pneumon/o
|
|
|
milk
|
Lact/o
|
|
|
mucus
|
Muc/o
|
|
|
sternum
|
Stern/o
|
|
|
thorax(chest)
|
Thorac/o
|
|
|
breathing
|
-pnea
|
|
|
carbon dioxide
|
-capnia
|
|
|
thorax
|
-thorax
|
|
|
surgical procedure to aspirate fluid
|
-centesis
|
|
|
anterior axillary line
|
AAL
|
|
|
anterior/posterior
|
AP
|
|
|
adult respiratory disease syndrome
|
ARDS
|
|
|
breast self examination
|
BSE
|
|
|
chest x-ray
|
CXR
|
|
|
electrocardiogram
|
EKG, ECG
|
|
|
head of bed
|
HOB
|
|
|
history and physical
|
H & P
|
|
|
intermittent positive pressure breathing
|
IPPB
|
|
|
left lower lobe
|
LLL
|
|
|
left upper lobe
|
LUL
|
|
|
oxygen
|
O2
|
|
|
mid-clavicular line
|
MCL
|
|
|
mid-vertebral line
|
MVL
|
|
|
mid-scapular line
|
MSL
|
|
|
posterior axillary line
|
PAL
|
|
|
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
|
PCP
|
|
|
shortness of breath
|
SOB
|
|
|
turn, cough, and deep breathe
|
TCDB
|
|
|
tracheostomy
|
Trach
|
|
|
bronchial asthma
|
BA
|
|
|
cystic fibrosis
|
CF
|
|
|
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
|
COPD
|
|
|
obstructive sleep apnea
|
OSA
|
|
|
respiratory distress syndrome
|
RDS
|
|
|
sudden, acute respiratory syndrome
|
SARS
|
|
|
upper respiratory infection
|
URI
|
|
|
smallest structure of mammary gland
|
Alveoli
|
|
|
caked area surrounding nipple
|
Areola
|
|
|
thin, yellow fluid
|
Colostrum
|
|
|
benign breast mass
|
Fibroadenoma
|
|
|
excessive breast development in male
|
Gynecomastia
|
|
|
nipples depressed
|
Inverted
|
|
|
inflammation of breast
|
Mastitis
|
|
|
orange peel appearance of breast due to adema
|
Peau d' orange
|
|
|
dimpled or pucker on the skin
|
Retraction
|
|
|
atrophic pink, purple, or white linear streaks on the breasts or other areas of the body (stretch marks)due to fast weight gain
|
Striae
|
|
|
extension of breast tissue into axillae
|
Tail of Spence
|
|
|
functional units of the lung; site of respiratory exchange of CO2 and O2
|
Alveoli
|
|
|
manubriosternal angle, continuous with the 2nd rib
|
Angle of Louis
|
|
|
cessation of breathing
|
Apnea
|
|
|
abnormal resp. condition characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, and dyspnea
|
Asthma
|
|
|
abnormal resp. condition characterized by collapsed,shrunken, deflated section of alveoli
|
Atelectasis
|
|
|
slow breathing < 10 breaths per minute
|
Bradypnea
|
|
|
a smaller resp. passageway into which the segmental bronchi divide
|
Bronchiole
|
|
|
abnormal resp. condition characterized by inflammation of the bronchi, resulting in partial obstruction from excessive mucus
|
Bronchitis
|
|
|
normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, 1st and 2nd intercostal space
|
Bronchovesicular
|
|
|
abnormal resp. condition characterized by airway obstruction (bronchitis, emphysema)
|
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/COPD
|
|
|
millions of hair-like cells lining the tracheobronchial tree
|
Cilia
|
|
|
solidification of portions of lung tissue (pneumnonia)
|
Consolidation
|
|
|
abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration (rales)
|
Crackles
|
|
|
course crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air escapes from lungs
|
Crepitus
|
|
|
difficult, labored breathing
|
Dyspnea
|
|
|
abnormal respiratory condition characterized by air trapping of alveoli
|
Emphysema
|
|
|
palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wall
|
Fremitus
|
|
|
coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed
|
Friction rub
|
|
|
increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
|
Hypercapnia
|
|
|
increased rate and depth of breathing
|
Hyperventilation
|
|
|
decreased level of 02 in the blood
|
Hypoxemia
|
|
|
space between the ribs
|
Intercostal space
|
|
|
ability to breathe easily only in an upright position
|
Orthopnea
|
|
|
sudden awakening fromo sleeping with shortness of breath
|
Paroxysmal nocturnal dypsnea
|
|
|
abnormal fluid between layers of the pleura
|
Pleural effusion
|
|
|
low-pitched, musical, snoring caused by airway obstruction (adventitious)
|
Rhonchi
|
|
|
rapid, shallow breathing
> 24 breaths per minute |
Tachypnea
|
|
|
soft, low-pitched normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields
|
Vesicular
|
|
|
high-pitched, musical, squeaking adventitious lung sound
|
Wheeze
|
|
|
lower tip of the sternum
|
Xiphoid process
|
|
|
aorta
|
Aort/o
|
|
|
vessel
|
Angi/o
|
|
|
artery
|
Arteri/o
|
|
|
arteriole
|
Arteriol/o
|
|
|
yellowish fatty plaque
|
Ather/o
|
|
|
atrium
|
Atri/o
|
|
|
heart
|
Cardi/o,
|
|
|
heart
|
Coron/o
|
|
|
neck, neck-like
|
Trachel/o
|
|
|
valve
|
Valv/o
|
|
|
valve
|
Valvul/o
|
|
|
vessel, duct
|
Vas/o
|
|
|
vein
|
Ven/o
|
|
|
ventricle
|
Ventricul/o
|
|
|
constricted structure
|
-stenosis
|
|
|
apical impulse
|
AI
|
|
|
arteriovenous or atrioventricualar (as in valves)
|
AV
|
|
|
beats per minute
|
BPM
|
|
|
coronary artery bypass graft
|
CABG
|
|
|
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
|
CPR
|
|
|
electrocardiogram
|
ECG/EKG
|
|
|
left ventricular hypertrophy
|
LVH
|
|
|
mid-clavicular line
|
MCL
|
|
|
point of maximum impulse
|
PMI
|
|
|
right ventricular hypertrophy
|
RVH
|
|
|
first heart sound: closure of AV valves
|
S1
|
|
|
second heart sound: closure of semilunar valves
|
S2
|
|
|
semilunar valves or stroke volume
|
SV
|
|
|
left semilunar valve separating left ventricle and the aorta
|
Aortic valve
|
|
|
tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th intercostal space
|
Apex of heart
|
|
|
point of maximal impulse pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole (5th left intercostals space in mid-clavicular line)
|
Apical impulse
|
|
|
heart stops beating
|
Asystole
|
|
|
broader area of heart's outline located at the 3rd right and left intercostal spaces
|
Base of the heart
|
|
|
cup-shaped end piece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds
|
Bell (of the stethoscope)
|
|
|
slow heart rate
<50 beats per minute in the adult |
Bradycardia
|
|
|
bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions
|
Clubbing
|
|
|
dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood
|
Cyanosis
|
|
|
flat end piece of the stethoscope for high-pitched sounds
|
Diaphragm (of the stethoscope)
|
|
|
the heart's filling phase
|
Diastole
|
|
|
difficult, labored breathing
|
Dyspnea
|
|
|
swelling of legs or dependent body part due to increased interstitial fluid
|
Edema
|
|
|
traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space
|
Erb's point
|
|
|
occurs with closure of the atrioventricular valves signaling the beginning of systole
|
First heart sound (S1)
|
|
|
technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds
|
Inching
|
|
|
left atrioventricular valve separating the left atria and ventricle
|
Mitral valve
|
|
|
uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate
|
Palpitation
|
|
|
high-pitched scratchy extra cardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed
|
Pericardial friction rub
|
|
|
normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration
|
Physiological splitting
|
|
|
area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels
|
Precordium
|
|
|
right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
|
Pulmonic valve
|
|
|
occurs with closure of the semilunar valves, aortic and pulmonic, and signals the end of systole and the beginning of diastole
|
Second Heart Sound (S2)
|
|
|
temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (fainting), caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation
|
Syncope
|
|
|
the heart's pumping phase
|
Systole
|
|
|
rapid heart rate,
> 100 beats per minute in the adult |
Tachycardia
|
|
|
palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur
|
Thrill
|
|
|
right atrioventricular valve separating the right atria and ventricle
|
Tricuspid valve
|
|
|
abdomen
|
Abdomin/o
|
|
|
appendix
|
Appendic/o
|
|
|
cecum
|
Cec/o
|
|
|
abdomen (cavity)
|
celi/o
|
|
|
bile duct
|
Cholangi/o
|
|
|
gall,bile
|
Chol/e
|
|
|
colon
|
Col/o
|
|
|
bladder
|
Cyst/o
|
|
|
diaphragm
|
Diaphragmat/o
|
|
|
diverticulum
|
Diverticul/o
|
|
|
duodenum
|
Duoden/o
|
|
|
intestines
|
Enter/o
|
|
|
esophagus
|
Esophag/o
|
|
|
stomach
|
Gastr/o
|
|
|
liver
|
Hepat/o
|
|
|
hernia
|
Herni/o
|
|
|
ileum
|
Ile/o
|
|
|
ileum
|
Ili/o
|
|
|
jejunum
|
Jejun/o
|
|
|
abdomen
|
Lapar/o
|
|
|
stone, calculus
|
Lith/o
|
|
|
kidney
|
Nephr/o
|
|
|
kidney
|
Ren/o
|
|
|
organ
|
Organ/o
|
|
|
umbilicus
|
Omphal/o
|
|
|
pancreas
|
Pancreat/o
|
|
|
pelvis
|
Pelv/i
|
|
|
pelvis
|
Pelv/o
|
|
|
peritoneum
|
Peritone/o
|
|
|
ureter
|
Ureter/o
|
|
|
urethra
|
Urethro/o
|
|
|
urine
|
Urin/o
|
|
|
urine
|
Ur/o
|
|
|
bladder
|
Vesic/o
|
|
|
internal organs
|
Viscer/o
|
|
|
absence of normal opening
|
-atresia
|
|
|
cut into, incision
|
-otomy
|
|
|
artificial opening
|
-ostomy
|
|
|
digestion
|
-pepsia
|
|
|
eating, swallowing
|
-phagia
|
|
|
urine, urination
|
-uria
|
|
|
Abdomen/abdominal
|
Abd.
|
|
|
bowel movement
|
BM
|
|
|
bowel sounds
|
BS
|
|
|
costovertebral angle
|
CVA
|
|
|
gastrointestinal
|
GI
|
|
|
left lower quadrant
|
LLQ
|
|
|
left upper quadrant
|
LUQ
|
|
|
nausea and vomiting
|
N & V
|
|
|
right lower quadrant
|
RLQ
|
|
|
right upper quadrant
|
RUQ
|
|
|
defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall
|
Aneurysm
|
|
|
loss of appetite for food
|
Anorexia
|
|
|
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity
|
Ascites
|
|
|
blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially obstructed
|
Bruit
|
|
|
first or proximal part of large intestine
|
Cecum
|
|
|
inflammation of the gallbladder
|
Cholecycystitis
|
|
|
lower border of rib margin formed by the medial edges of the 8th, 9th, 10th ribs
|
Costal margin
|
|
|
angle formed by the 12th rib and the vertebral column on the posterior thorax, overlying the kidney
|
Costovertebral angle
|
|
|
difficulty swallowing
|
Dysphagia
|
|
|
name of abd. region between the costal margins
|
Epigastrium
|
|
|
abnormal enlargement of liver
|
Hepatomegaly
|
|
|
abnormal protrusion of bowel through weakening in abd. musculature
|
Hernia
|
|
|
ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, forming lower border of abd.
|
Inguinal ligament
|
|
|
abnormal enlargement of internal organ(s)
|
Organomegaly
|
|
|
complete absence of peristaltic movement that may follow abd. surgery or complete bowel obstruction
|
Paralytic ileus
|
|
|
inflammation of the peritoneum
|
Peritonitis
|
|
|
abnormally sunken abd. wall as with malnutrition or underweight
|
Scaphoid
|
|
|
abnormal enlargement of the spleen
|
Splenomegaly
|
|
|
silvery white or pink scar formed by stretching of abd. skin as with pregnancy or obesity
|
Striae
|
|
|
name of abd. region just superior to pubic bone
|
Suprapubic
|
|
|
high-pitched, musical, drum-like percussion note heard when percussing over the stomach and intestine
|
Tympany
|
|
|
depression on the abdomen marking site of entry of umbilical cord
|
Umbilicus
|
|
|
internal organs
|
Viscera
|
|
|
artery
|
Arteri/o
|
|
|
yellowish, fatty plaque
|
Ather/o
|
|
|
blockage, deficiency
|
Ish/o
|
|
|
lymph
|
Lymph/o
|
|
|
clot
|
Thromb/o
|
|
|
vein
|
Phleb/o
|
|
|
vein
|
Ven/o
|
|
|
hardening
|
-sclerosis
|
|
|
arteriosclerotic heart disease
|
ASHD
|
|
|
deep vein thrombosis
|
DVT
|
|
|
peripheral vascular system
|
PVS
|
|
|
determining the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one artery site and observing return of the skin color as evidence of patency of the artery
|
Allen Test
|
|
|
defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect
|
Aneurysm
|
|
|
variation from the heart's normal rhythm
|
Arrhythmia
|
|
|
hardening of the arteries
|
Arteriosclerosis
|
|
|
hardening of the arteries
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
|
slow heart rate, < 50 beats per minute
|
Bradycardia
|
|
|
blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded
|
Bruit
|
|
|
dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood
|
Cyanosis
|
|
|
the heart's filling phase
|
Diastole
|
|
|
ultrasonic stethoscope to detect peripheral pulses
|
Doppler
|
|
|
calf pain that occurs when the foot is sharply dorsiflexed (pushed up toward the knee)
|
Homan's sign
|
|
|
deficiency of arterial blood to a body part, due to constriction
|
Ischemia
|
|
|
muscular pain brought on by exercise, due to arterial insufficiency
|
Intermittent claudication
|
|
|
swelling of extremity due to obstructed lymph channel
|
Lymphedema
|
|
|
disease of the lymph glands; persistant, generalized swelling of the lymph nodes
|
Lymphadenopathy
|
|
|
small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at grouped intervals
|
Lymph nodes
|
|
|
tumor of lymphatic tissue
|
Lymphoma
|
|
|
indentation left after examiner depresses the skin over swollen edematous tissue
|
Pitting edema
|
|
|
pressure wave created by each heartbeat, palpable over arteries close to the skin
|
Pulse
|
|
|
heart's pumping phase
|
Systole
|
|
|
inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation
|
Thrombophlebitis
|
|
|
dilated tortuos veins with incompetent valves
|
Varicose vein
|
|
|
open skin lesion extending into dermis with sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue
|
Ulcer
|
|
|
male
|
Andr/o
|
|
|
anus
|
An/o
|
|
|
Balan/o
|
glans penis
|
|
|
Epididym/o
|
edididymus
|
|
|
hernia
|
Herni/o
|
|
|
testis, testicle
|
Orchid/o
|
|
|
testis, testicle
|
Orchi/o
|
|
|
testis, testicle
|
Orch/o
|
|
|
prostate
|
Prostat/o
|
|
|
sperm
|
Spermat/o
|
|
|
testicle
|
Test/o
|
|
|
vessel/duct
|
Vas/o
|
|
|
seminal vesicle
|
Vesicul/o
|
|
|
hernia protrusion
|
-cele
|
|
|
state of
|
-ism
|
|
|
constricted
|
-stenosis
|
|
|
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
|
AIDS
|
|
|
benign prostate hypertrophy
|
BPH
|
|
|
sexually transmitted infection (disease)
|
STI (STD)
|
|
|
Testicular Self-Examination
|
TSE
|
|
|
transurethral resection of the prostate
|
TURP
|
|
|
sexual intercourse between male and female
|
Coitus
|
|
|
ejection of semen and fluids (seminal fluids) from male urethra
|
Ejaculation
|
|
|
structure composed of coiled ducts of testes; stores sperm
|
Epididymus
|
|
|
congenital defect in which the urethra opens on dorsal (upper) side of penis
|
Epispadias
|
|
|
painful longitudinal tear in tissue (anal)
|
Fissure
|
|
|
male and female sex glands
|
Gonads
|
|
|
mass of dilated, tortous veins in the anorectal area
|
Hemorrhoid
|
|
|
weak spot in abdominal wall through which a loop of bowel may protrude
|
Hernia
|
|
|
scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid along the tubes within the testes
|
Hydrocele
|
|
|
congenital defect in which urethra opens on ventral (under) side of penis
|
Hypospadias
|
|
|
blood in the stool
|
Melena
|
|
|
acute inflammation of testis
|
Orchitis
|
|
|
foreskin is retracted and fixed behind glans penis
|
Paraphimosis
|
|
|
encircles upper end of urethra; secretes a fluid that aids in movement of sperm
|
Prostate gland
|
|
|
cancer of the prostate gland
|
Prostatic Cancer
|
|
|
itching or burning sensation in the skin
|
Pruritis
|
|
|
sac suspended on both sides of and just behind the penis. Contains the testes suspended by the spermatic cord
|
Scrotum
|
|
|
collection of vas deferens, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves that ascends along the testes and through the inguinal canal into the abdomen
|
Spermatic cord
|
|
|
resection through the urethra to cut back an enlarged prostate
|
Transurethral resection of the prostate
|
|
|
duct carrying sperm from the epididymis through the abdomen and then into the urethra
|
Vas deferens
|
|
|
first/beginning
|
Arche/o
|
|
|
cervix
|
Cervic/o
|
|
|
vagina
|
Colp/o
|
|
|
cul-de/sac
|
Culd/o
|
|
|
bladder
|
Cyst/o
|
|
|
vulva
|
Episi/o
|
|
|
pregnant
|
Gravid/o
|
|
|
woman
|
Gynec/o
|
|
|
woman
|
Gyn/o
|
|
|
hymen
|
Hymen/o
|
|
|
uterus
|
Hyster/o
|
|
|
milk
|
Lact/o
|
|
|
stone
|
Lith/o
|
|
|
breast
|
Mamm/o
|
|
|
breast
|
Mast/o
|
|
|
meatus
|
Meat/o
|
|
|
menstruation
|
Men/o
|
|
|
uterus
|
Metr/o
|
|
|
birth
|
Nat/o
|
|
|
kidney
|
Nephr/o
|
|
|
night
|
Noct/o
|
|
|
scanty, few
|
Olig/o
|
|
|
ovary
|
Oophor/o
|
|
|
egg
|
Oo/o
|
|
|
perineum
|
Perine/o
|
|
|
renal pelvis
|
Pyel/o
|
|
|
fallopian tube
|
Salping/o
|
|
|
ureter
|
Ureter/o
|
|
|
urethra
|
Urethra/o
|
|
|
urine
|
Urin/o
|
|
|
uterus
|
Uter/o
|
|
|
vagina
|
Vagin/o
|
|
|
vulva
|
Vulv/o
|
|
|
absence of normal body opening; closure
|
-atresia
|
|
|
pertaining to
|
-ial
|
|
|
rapid flow of blood
|
-oorhagia
|
|
|
fallopian tube
|
-salpinx
|
|
|
urine, urination
|
-uria
|
|
|
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
|
AIDS
|
|
|
papanicolaou test
|
PAP
|
|
|
pelvic inflammatory disease
|
PID
|
|
|
urinary tract infection
|
UTI
|
|
|
accessory organs of uterus (ovaries, fallopian tubes)
|
Adnexa
|
|
|
absence of menstruation
|
Amenorrhea
|
|
|
small, elongated, erectile tissue in female, located anterior juncture of labia minora
|
Clitoris
|
|
|
inflammation of the bladder
|
Cystitis
|
|
|
prolapse of urinary bladder and its vaginal mucosa into vagina
|
Cystocele
|
|
|
abd. cramping and pain associated with menstruation
|
Dysmenorrhea
|
|
|
painful intercourse
|
Dyspareunia
|
|
|
red-tinged or bloody urination
|
Hematuria
|
|
|
membranous fold of tissue partly closing vaginal orifice
|
Hymen
|
|
|
whitish or yellowish discharge from vaginal orofice
|
Leukorrhea
|
|
|
onset of first menstruation, usually between 11 and 13 years of age
|
Menarche
|
|
|
cessation of the menses
|
Menopause
|
|
|
excessively heavy menstrual flow
|
Menorrhagia
|
|
|
inflammation of the kidney
|
Nephritis
|
|
|
painless test to detect cervical cancer
|
Papanicolaou Test
|
|
|
inflammation of fallopian tubes
|
Salpingitis
|
|
|
stones in the kidney
|
Renal Calculi
|
|
|
infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract
|
Urinary tract infection
|
|
|
inflammation of the vagina
|
Vaginitis
|
|
|
crooked, stiff
|
Ankyl/o
|
|
|
joint
|
Arthr/o
|
|
|
bursa
|
Burs/o
|
|
|
carpals (wrist bones)
|
Carp/o
|
|
|
cartilage
|
Chondr/o
|
|
|
clavicle
|
Clavic/o
|
|
|
rib
|
Cost/o
|
|
|
skull
|
Crani/o
|
|
|
disk
|
Disk/o
|
|
|
femur (upper leg bone)
|
Femor/o
|
|
|
fibula (lower leg bone)
|
Fibul/o
|
|
|
fibrous tissue
|
Fibr/o
|
|
|
humerous (upper arm bone)
|
Humer/o
|
|
|
ilium
|
Ili/o
|
|
|
ischium
|
Ishi/o
|
|
|
movement, motion
|
Kinesi/o
|
|
|
hump
|
Kyph/o
|
|
|
bent forward
|
Lord/o
|
|
|
mandible (lower jaw bone)
|
Mandibul/o
|
|
|
maxilla (upper jaw bone)
|
Maxill/o
|
|
|
meniscus
|
Menisci/o
|
|
|
muscle
|
My/o
|
|
|
bone marrow
|
Myel/o
|
|
|
bone
|
Oste/o
|
|
|
patella (kneecap)
|
Patell/o
|
|
|
phalanges (finger or toe bones)
|
Phalang/o
|
|
|
pubis
|
Pub/o
|
|
|
radius (lower arm bone)
|
Radi/o
|
|
|
connective tissue
|
Sarc/o
|
|
|
scapula (shoulder blade)
|
Scapul/o
|
|
|
crooked, curved
|
Scoli/o
|
|
|
sternum (breastbone)
|
Stern/o
|
|
|
synovia, synovial membrane
|
Synovi/o
|
|
|
tarsals (ankle bone)
|
Tars/o
|
|
|
tendon
|
Tend/o
|
|
|
tibia (lower leg bone)
|
Tibi/o
|
|
|
ulna (lower arm bone)
|
Uln/o
|
|
|
vertebra
|
Vertebr/o
|
|
|
weakness
|
-asthenia
|
|
|
break
|
-clasis
|
|
|
break
|
-clast
|
|
|
break
|
-clasia
|
|
|
surgical fixation
|
-desis
|
|
|
growth
|
-physis
|
|
|
split, fissure
|
-schisis
|
|
|
involuntary muscle contraction
|
-spasm
|
|
|
Ambulate
|
Amb.
|
|
|
below knee amputation
|
BKA
|
|
|
fracture
|
Fx
|
|
|
osteoarthritis
|
OA
|
|
|
rheumatoid arthritis
|
RA
|
|
|
range of motion
|
ROM
|
|
|
moving a body part away from an axis or the median line
|
Abduction
|
|
|
moving a body part toward the center or toward the midline
|
Adduction
|
|
|
immobility, consolidation, and fixation of a joint
|
Ankylosis
|
|
|
pain in a joint
|
Arthralgia
|
|
|
inability to perform coordinated movements
|
Ataxia
|
|
|
bony overgrowths located on proximal interphalangeal joints (associated with osteoarthritis)
|
Bouchard's nodes
|
|
|
associated with rheumatoid arthritis; knuckle hyperextended
|
Boutonniere deformity
|
|
|
enclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located in joint areas of potential friction
|
Bursa
|
|
|
common painful disorder of the wrist due to compression of a nerve
|
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
|
|
|
moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
|
Circumduction
|
|
|
shortening of a muscle
|
Contracture
|
|
|
dry cracking sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bone
|
Crepitation
|
|
|
displacement of bone from its natural position in a joint
|
Dislocation
|
|
|
flexion contractures of the fingers associated with osteoarthritis
|
Dupuytren's contracture
|
|
|
swelling in a joint
|
Effusion
|
|
|
moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
|
Eversion
|
|
|
straightening a limb at a joint
|
Extension
|
|
|
bending a limb at a joint
|
Flexion
|
|
|
broken bone
|
Fracture
|
|
|
round, cystic, nontender nodule overlying a tendon sheath or joint (wrist)
|
Ganglion
|
|
|
bony overgrowths of the distal interphalangeal joints associated with osteoarthritis
|
Heberden's nodes
|
|
|
moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
|
Inversion
|
|
|
outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine, hunchback
|
Kyphosis
|
|
|
fibrous bands runnin directly from one bone to another bone
|
Ligament
|
|
|
inward or concave curvature of the lumbar spine
|
Lordosis
|
|
|
bony projection of the ulna at the elbow
|
Olecranon process
|
|
|
noninflammatory, localized, progressive disorder involving deterioration of joint/articulating surfaces
|
Osteoarthritis
|
|
|
loss of bone density (frequently in postmenopausal women)
|
Osteoporosis
|
|
|
kneecap
|
Patella
|
|
|
hands are held back to back for 60 seconds at a 90 degree angle; normal is not symptoms. In carpal tunnel syndrome, numbness and burning occur
|
Phalen's test
|
|
|
surface of the sole of the foot
|
Plantar
|
|
|
turning the forearm so that the palm is down
|
Pronation
|
|
|
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
|
Protraction
|
|
|
extent of movement of a joint, rated on scale of 1+ - 5+
|
Range of motion
|
|
|
moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
|
Retraction
|
|
|
chronic systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue
|
Rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
|
S-shaped lateral curvature of the thoracic spine
|
Scoliosis
|
|
|
raised, firm, nontender nodules commonly occuring along olecranon bursa, associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
|
Subcutaneous nodules
|
|
|
incomplete dislocation
|
Subluxation
|
|
|
turning the forearm so that the palm is up
|
Supination
|
|
|
flexion contracture of metacarpophalangeal joint, then hyperextension of proximal interphalangeal joints; occurs with RA
|
Swan neck deformity
|
|
|
cerebellum
|
Cerebell/o
|
|
|
cerebrum, brain
|
Cerebr/o
|
|
|
hard, dura mater
|
Dur/o
|
|
|
brain
|
Encephal/o
|
|
|
ganglion
|
Gangli/o
|
|
|
meninges
|
Mening/
|
|
|
spinal cord
|
Myel/o
|
|
|
nerve
|
Neur/o
|
|
|
physician, treatment
|
-iatry
|
|
|
seizure, attack
|
-ictal
|
|
|
slight paralysis
|
-paresis
|
|
|
central nervous system
|
CNS
|
|
|
computed tomography (uses computer to produce images of body)
|
CT
|
|
|
level of consciousness
|
LOC
|
|
|
lumbar puncture (used to diagnose cerebrospinal fluid)
|
LP
|
|
|
magnetic resonance imaging (uses magnetic waves to take cross-sectional and vertical pictures of structures)
|
MRI
|
|
|
peripheral nervous system
|
PNS
|
|
|
loss of ability to recognize sensory impressions
|
Agnosia
|
|
|
loss of ability to express thoughts in writing
|
Agraphia
|
|
|
loss of memory
|
Amnesia
|
|
|
loss of pain sensation
|
Analgesia
|
|
|
loss of feeling or sensation
|
Anesthesia
|
|
|
loss or impairment of the ability to speak
|
Aphasia
|
|
|
loss of ability to perform purposeful movements
|
Apraxia
|
|
|
lack of muscle coordination to perform movements
|
Ataxia
|
|
|
area in the cerebral portion of the brain controlling ability to begin speech
|
Broca's area
|
|
|
difficulty speaking
|
Dysphasia
|
|
|
rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of a muscle
|
Clonus
|
|
|
profound unconsciousness
|
Coma
|
|
|
violent jarring or shaking that results in vertigo and LOC
|
Concussion
|
|
|
awake, alert, aware of one's surroundings
|
Conscious
|
|
|
state of mental confusion and excitement;disorientation for time and place, incoherent speech, continuous aimless activity
|
Delirium
|
|
|
cognitive deficit including memory impairment
|
Dementia
|
|
|
imperfect articulation of speech
|
Dysarthria
|
|
|
impairment in speech consisting of lack of coordination and inability to arrange words in their proper order
|
Dysphasia
|
|
|
disappearance of conditioned response
|
Extinction
|
|
|
rapid, continuous twitching of resting muscle without movement of limb
|
Fasciculation
|
|
|
loss of muscle tone, limp
|
Flaccidity
|
|
|
style of walking
|
Gait
|
|
|
ability to "read" a number by having it traced on the skin
|
Graphesthesia
|
|
|
loss of motor power (paralysis) on one side of the body
|
Hemiplegia
|
|
|
motor neuron in the peripheral nervous system
|
Lower motor neuron
|
|
|
stiffness in cervical neck area
|
Nuchal rigidity
|
|
|
back and forth oscillation of the eyes
|
Nystagmus
|
|
|
prolonged arching of back due to meningeal irritation
|
Opisthotonos
|
|
|
decreased or loss of motor function
|
Paralysis
|
|
|
impairment or loss of motor/sensory function in lower half of body
|
Paraplegia
|
|
|
abnormal sensation (burning, numbness, tingling, prickling)
|
Parasthesia
|
|
|
ability of the person to discriminate exactly where on the body the skin has been touched
|
Point localization
|
|
|
sudden attack due to interruption of electrical patterns in the brain
|
Seizure
|
|
|
continuous resistance to stretching by a muscle due to abnormally increased tension
|
Spasticity
|
|
|
ability to recognize objects by feeling their forms, sizes, and weights while the eyes are closed
|
Stereognosis
|
|
|
fainting or sudden loss of consciousness
|
Syncope
|
|
|
repetitive twitching of a muscle group at inappropriate times
|
Tic
|
|
|
involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups resulting in rhythmic movement of one or more joints
|
Tremor
|
|
|
ability to distinguish the separation of two simultaneous pin pricks on the skin
|
Two-point discrimination
|
|
|
state of being unaware of surroundings and incapable of responding to stimuli
|
Unconsciousness
|
|
|
nerve entirely within the central nervous system
|
Upper motor neuron
|
|
|
area in the brain that controls ability to understand speech
|
Wernicke's area
|
