Faults

Front 1

hanging wall

Back 1

rock above non vertical fault

Front 2

footwall

Back 2

rock below nonvertical fault

Front 3

what happens if there is a loss of cohesion

Back 3

displacement (brittle deformation)

Front 4

what happens if there is no loss of cohesion

Back 4

no displacement (ductile feature)

Front 5

what are the 6 types of faults and their relative dips?

Back 5

Horizontal (<10)

Shallowly dipping (10-30)

moderately dipping (30-60)

steeply dipping (60-80)

vertical (90)

listric (dip is steeper near surface and shallower as you go deeper)

Front 6

what are the 4 main faults based on shear sense?

Back 6

normal, reverse, right lateral (dextral), left lateral (sinistral)

Front 7

what are the 5 combinations of faults based on shear sense?

Back 7

left lateral/normal, left lateral/reverse, right lateral/normal, right lateral/reverse, scissor fault

Front 8

What is an extensional fault?

Back 8

results in lenghtening of layer (normal)

Front 9

what is a contractional fault?

Back 9

results in shortening of layer (reverse)

Front 10

what is a graben

Back 10

downfaulted topographic trough between high angle faults

Front 11

what is a horst?

Back 11

upfaulted block between high angle faults

Front 12

what is a half graben?

Back 12

graben only bounded by fault on on side

Front 13

thrust fault

Back 13

low angle reverse fault

Front 14

nappe

Back 14

thrust sheet that moved >10km relative to footwall

Front 15

allochthon

Back 15

regional thrust sheet moved great distance

Front 16

autochthon

Back 16

rocks below regional thrust sheet that retains original location

Front 17

window

Back 17

area of autochthonous rocks surrounded by allochthonous rock

Front 18

klippe

Back 18

isolated allochthonous rock

Front 19

Releasing bed

Back 19

created by tensile and shear (rock deposited in opening)

Front 20

restraining bed

Back 20

compression creates pressure and rock is deposited

Front 21

Review notes for diagrams

Back 21

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