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210 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do we need from the supplier? 6 |
1. Price value 2. Quality 3.Delivery precision 4. Collection 5. CSR transparency 6. Service-self going
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Why an agent? |
If you want to sell your things at a new market, you might need a agent who knows the market very good you can get advise from him, also good because the agent might know the culture, if you want to put a famous figure on your garment you might need the licens to do that, the agent have the licens. |
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What is COC and BSCI? |
This is a legal compliance that companies follow for sustainability and human rights, it could be about environment safety issues, legal about working hours, prohibition for children workers or forced to working. |
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What should you think about when you should choose a new supplier? |
Important to know who the supplier is working with. It can be positive to have the same supplier as H&M because they could have a good work with CSR or good at new trends which make you inspiration. Negative is that H&M makes big order which can be in priority for the supplier. |
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How do your find a new supplier? |
Websites, from other supplier or your own, fair, trade markets etc. At first you find a new supplier, they you look at the quality and how the work. How they work with CSR, if they work good you might put the first order or maybe change something. |
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What is better cotton intiative? |
It is a UK intiative, they learn the farmers how to grow cotton in a sustainable way. Not so good as organic cotton but better then ordinary. you cannot put a tag for that you are using this |
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What is a FOB price? |
Full on board price, full package, the contractor also offer procurement and design services |
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What is inprice? |
It is the landed price FOB+freight+distribution+duty |
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What is the retail price? |
Inprice*mark-up+VAT |
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What is the FOB price include? 5 |
1. salary and efficient costs 2. capacity 3. material costs 4. energy and water taxes 5. efficient supply |
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What is the value driver? |
It is the thing that make the garment special, that gives the garment the perfect style, cannot take this away to make it cheaper, create by the designer or the buyer. Could be washed jeans or the width of the skirt. |
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What is an inquiry? |
This is the order that you place, this is very good because it makes the process faster for that reason that there are not so many mistakes anymore, very important that this one is very clear and (noggrann) in this you put the order quantity, the quality, the sketch, the measurements, delivery time, payment terms the pattern if you have one, the color and style etc. |
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What is the target price? |
This is the price that the buyer indicated based on the profit. You put this price so it will not be some misunderstandings and extra costs. Put this when you have a new fashion style, new market, in a new season or new quantity of a product. |
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Different kinds of samples? |
1. Development sample - this is the sample which the designer makes from his sketch, the company get inspiration for this one, could be a new style or a new fabric. 2. Collection sample - is a sample from the collection 3. First sample - is the first one with the right STUK, colour and quality. 4. Counter sample - samples sewn for sale by the contractors 5. Shipment sample - you take one from the bulk to test and see if you can use, the buyer is the one to accept this one 6. Size sample - this is the sample which consists in each size |
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What is a lab dip? |
This is the one your test you colour at, important to test this under different kinds of lights
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What is a strike of? |
This is the one that you test you prints on |
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What is a hand looms? |
You do a little hand loom in the weave chair to show how it will look like |
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What happens when the supplier do not do as the buyer wants? |
The buyer can claim and get a discount of the garments if they are not good or there is a light delivery |
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What is important for the buyer? |
To be clear, make a few changes in the beginning, keep deadlines, find issues as soon as possible focus on the value driver
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What is the long time 3-4 years forecasting include?
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1. Raw material 2. Energy price 3. Political instability 4. CSR 5. new supply chain at a new market 6. Duty 7. Labour costs 8. Time to the market |
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What is grossproft? |
Bruttovinsten = actual sales - costs of goods |
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What is cost of goods? |
Kostnaden för att göra en viss produkt före avdrag av skatt, lön och ränta |
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What is gross margin? |
Bruttomarginal = total sales - costs of goods / total sales
This represents the percent of total sales revenue that the company retains after incurring the direct associated with producing the goods and services sold. |
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What is the sell throught factor? |
The percentage of the garment that are sold to the first price Total non mark down sales/total sales |
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What is a branded company? |
Have their own shops selling under their own name, H&M KappAhl |
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What is a multibrand retailer? |
Sell your own and other brands MQ
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What is a brand manufacturer? |
Have their own brand and manufacturing but sell the garments to a retailer not their own stores. Blå kläder |
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What is a branded marketers? |
Branded marketers design their collections and sell them under their own brands to various retailers, but they have no production of their own. Production is fully outsourced to East Europe and Asia. These firms prefer to buy on Full-Package basis. |
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What is the key success factors in the fashion industry? |
1. Right lead time 2. Good at forecasting 3. Quick deliveries 4. Early orders 5. Low cost in production 6. Open to buy save some money to buy in season |
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What is +Error?
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Means unsold goods reduce price loose profit
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What is -Error? |
The stock is out looses sales bad representation |
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Quick response? |
Buy from someone nearby, shorter lead time, lower forecast error but higher production price
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What is up-front? |
Buy from where it is most cheap worse forecast error but better price. |
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Why is open to buy good? |
Good because you bought closer to or during the selling season better forecast but high risk that your garments will not come. |
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What is stuck turn? |
Kapitalomsättningshastighet compares the average inventory to the sales Very good that this is high Reduce inventory good for the profit |
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What is mark down? |
The discout on the garment SALE |
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What is the mark up? |
Påläggningskostnaden, higher for luxary brands |
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What affects which type of distribution you choose? |
1. Which type of market 2. The type of target customer 3. The product type 4. The price zone |
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Which types of markets can you find? |
1. Direct marketing channel - sell directly to the customer 2. Limited marketing - sell you merchandise through stores or nonstores venues 3. extended marketing - send your merchandise through a wholesaler who sells to a retailer
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How can you classifictions the market? |
1. Mass production - sell to everyone, electronic 2. selective production - only sell to some retailer and manufacturers to a certain store they need to follow some criteria 3. Exclusive - what to create an image of exclusive therefor you only can find the brand in some stores
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Why do you have a distribution centre? |
1. the size of the company 2. there are many products 3. there is a long distance between the production and the retail store 4. have a huge number of retail stores
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What is vendor marketing? |
At the distribution centre you adding value to the product by putting on hangtags, price info etc which makes the garment ready for the floor. |
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What is EDI? |
Makes it possible for computer to computer communications, makes it easier to schair the information |
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What is vendor managed inventory?
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When you sold something the manufactures get to know this with help of a system, so they can create a new one good for basic things
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What is retailing? |
Is the process of selling gods to the customer and get a profit by doing this
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How do the fashion loop look in the left arrow? |
A loop - looks at different fashion forecasting, directions for this is released 18 months prior to selling season, 6 months ahead the production is started, after this quality control and distribution B loop - looks at the trendsetters for inspiration, Gina tricot, have a shorter lead time do not need the 18 months forecasting only a few C loop - fast fashion companies, quickly turn trends into products and delivery new things every week |
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What is the right arrow in the fashion loop?
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It is not enough that we have a trend direction, we need to prepare the customers for the trend, this makes by the marketing fix. |
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What is the GAP in the fashion loop? |
There are different types of gaps in the fashion loop, especially it could be because the right arrow have there thoughts and the left arrow have their 1. Customers expectations and how they have been translated into a product specification. 2. How the specification is drawn and the final product, during the production several things can get wrong. 3. How the customer expected the product to be and how she perceived it on the delivery, 4. difference between supplier and the customer experienced the product delivery, the customer do not say why she did not bought something |
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4 different types of demands?
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1. Random 2. Trend 3. Level 4. Seasonal |
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Why is forecasting necessary? |
1. Lead times 2. Capacity in the process 3. Supplier 4. Capacity for staff 5. Production set up |
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What is the product volume? |
A yearly or monthly plan which include the overal sale rate, the big picture, production rates and families |
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What is the product mix? |
The short plan daily and weakly, for which customer, details, which induvidual products |
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What is independent demand? |
This is the thing that the company can not fix, like trends, economic cycles, random fluctation, external factors on the demand etc
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What is the derived demand? |
Look how the others in the supply chain work with the demand |
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Dependent demand? |
This is related to how the company works, which products they produce, which substitute products are there. |
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What is the sales forecast? |
future expect of the demand and the trends |
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What is the operational plan? |
a spcecified of activities to meet or exceed the sales forecast |
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What is the sales target? |
the sales goal that motivides for the sale and marketing personnel |
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What data sources can you use for forecasting? |
Historical - sales, orders, not delivired/miss order CRM - customer clubs, self scanning, customer groups
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Which are the steps in the fashion business to create a garmet? |
1. Research and merchandising 2. Design 3. Design development and style selection 4. Marketing the apparel line 5. Preproduction 6. Sourcing 7. Production and quality control 8. Distribution and retail |
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What is the research and merchandising? |
It is the first step, you do a market research divided into 3 steps 1. customer research 2. Product research 3. Market analysis You also do a fashion research and find new trims and fabrics To find out a theme or a direction for your collection or line |
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What is te design? step 2 |
The designer start to sketch and plan the line. Decide what trims and fabrics that should be use and write the garment specifications sheet |
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What is the design development and style selection? step 3 |
This is when you start doing the first pattern and do the cut and sew production. You also approve the fit or the style for the pattern. You review the line and decide the final line/collection and you also estimate the costs and determine the final costs for trims, fabrics. The last thing you do is to order the first sample. |
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What is the marketing the apparel line? step 4 |
Here you show your samples at the markets week/fashion weeks, the showrooms or the fairs. The buyers can then choose what they want and place an order
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What is the preproduction? step 5 |
You start order for your first production, you order trims, fabrics. Finalize the pattern and the written documents. you make the grading of your patterns to different sizes and last thing inspect the fabric so everything is right. |
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What is the sourcing? step 6 |
Here is the step when you decide who you want to work with, you select the production facility |
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What is the production and quality control? step 7 |
This is when the production is start, you do your garments by sewing and then you check if they are good enough by making different kinds of test on them so you make sure that the products meets your standard of acceptance. You also do the finishing touch as pressing, attaching handtags and the folding and packing. |
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What is the distribution and retail? Step 8 |
This is the last step where you send your garments to a distribution center which send your garments to a retailer or you send them directly to the retailer. You also prick order to do different kinds of quality check on them. Need to know how your market looks like and how you want/and the best way to marketing your products. |
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What is RFID tagging? |
You put this on the product so you can follow where the product is when it has been shipped |
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What is fast fashion? |
fast supply chain that is focused on the demand from the customer |
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What is intraindustry partnership? |
Two or more companies in the same sector have a partnership but have different types of target customer |
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What is interindustry partnership? |
Not the same sector but the same target customer |
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How do you became a good fast fashion company? 5 things |
1. vertical integration 2. Create design and the products from the demand of the customer 3. No so many garments instead one garment in many types of styles or colour, 4. The supply chain is quickly working 5. Good communications |
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Sole propreitorship? |
A form of a business ownership, it is one individual person that owns the business runs the everyday work. Advantages - easy to fix problems, flexibility, can do what you want Disadvantages - liable on one person, difficult to have a big raising capital, need to have many workers that are specialists. |
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What is a Partnerships ? |
Two or more companies come together to create a business, do a written document with some agreements 1. Good because you have a bigger raising capital and the liable is not only on one person, you can also get advise from each other 2.. Not good because it is not so flexibility, need to discuss every decision, |
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What is a Corporations? |
this is the most complex form, you share the stock in the company, create by filing of articles or incorporation. Good - becuse it is flexibility not dependent on a ownership, it often have a good flow Disadvantages - corporate taxes and organized under the laws |
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Different types of strategies against the competitors?
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price quality service innovation combination |
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What is the Porter five forces model ? |
This is a model to show how and why the market is attractive and it also shows the profit. Shows the external actors that effect the market. |
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What is a monopoly market?
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one company dominates the market, can put the service and price level they want |
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What is the oligiopoly market? |
a few companies dominate the market difficult for new companies that enter the market |
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What is oligiosony market? |
small number of buyer and a lot of companies that sell that thing |
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What is PURE/PERFECT competition? |
The same number of companies and buyers for the same product or service |
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What is good business fashion strategies? |
1. create something unique 2. stay ahead 3. know what to do and not 4. the actvites in the chain should matched eachother 5. have a good value chain created for you thing |
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What are the things you look at in the porter 5 forces model? |
1. Existing competitors, who are they, what are their strength and weakness? What power do they have? 2. New entrants is it very easy for a new company to enter the market and if it is what do they have and could they become a competitor for your company 3. substitute products can be a threat for your company, very important to stay ahead so you launched your product in the right moment 4. the power from the supplier which are the biggest one and how easy do the supplier change 5. the power from the customer what do they want and what are they willing to pay |
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What is reproductions/imitators? |
It is the company that looks at the fashion show and take the expensive products to the low price market. H&M ZARA |
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What is interpreters? |
They are looking in magazines for or to other companies to find out the trends and then create the same, Karen Millen |
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Mavericks/innovators? |
The company create new styles and new things, not concerned about the market trends, Alexander MCqueen |
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Leaders? |
This is the top the high fashion brands that create the trends,famous because of the good design Tom Ford |
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Different types of licens? 9 |
1. entertainment and character - put your thing in a movie 2. use the brand on your product coca cola tedybear 3. use a famous person name 4. use a designer name chanel parfym 5. use sport or a school name 6. use a evenemang name 7. create a exclusive collection by help from a designer 8. use a old famous person to market you thing 9. use art |
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What do the manufactures? |
Produces garments and clothes, can be outsourced or own by the company. Can also use item house that are good at one thing that you cannot do in house. |
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Different type of wholesalers? 5 |
Branded marketer- have their own brand, product development, have their own shops or sell to retailer but not their own productionETON Integrated retailer - have their own brand and product development, use their own brand and have their own production or outsourcing H&M Agents - buy and sell one kind of brand to different kind of retailers and buyers at a market. Licensees - have the right to produce and sell a garment example Prada sunglasses Jobbers - buys fabric and styles from a designer and use contractors to create the product |
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Different types of retailer? 8 |
1. Retail branch companies - the same owner as the rest H&M 2. Independent shops - have one or a few stores unique concept 3. Voluntary multitiple chains - buys different kinds of brand like MQ 4. integrated wholesaler - have their own shops and sell to other 5. Franschise - an agreement with a retailer or a distribution how they should sell the product 6. department store - sell different kinds of brands it is very big as Åhles, NK 7. Outlets - sales mark down prices 8. mail and online order
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What is vertical marketing channel? |
A company work as one group do not separately the different parts, business strategy where the company control the design, manufacturing, marketing, distribution etc. |
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Conventional marketing channel? |
Separately the parts of the company, every part is an independent company |
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Why do want to integration your marketing channel? |
To easiser create the right thing for the customer and delviery at the right point and the right time, can use a variery of chanels to work together |
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What is forward integration?
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Wholesaler = retailer strenghten the brand information and communcation better double profit easier to expand to new markets
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What is backward intergration? |
The retailer becomes a wholesaler by create their own brand, eaiser to produce your own label effective logistics and purschasing better profit margins |
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What is the flows in the marketing channel? 5 |
Physical ownership information payment promotion |
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Haute Couture |
1. small quantities 2. 2 shows per years 3. Individual body measurements 4. hand sewing techniques |
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Ready to wear? |
1. mass production 2. standard sizes 3. diversity of companies 4. many collections per year w |
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What is a collection? |
Is the group of garments with a special theme that the high fashion company create |
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What is the apparel line? |
Is a group of garments that the apparel company ready to wear industry creates linked together with colour, style, fabric design |
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What is a contractor? |
A specialist company that you can pay for to get help with sewing and finishing the goods. |
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What is the designers job? |
Research the market and find and select the garments trims and styling. Prepare the specification sheet Do the sketches Release the style for the pattern making Often works with the merchandiser to come up with ideas for the apparel line |
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What is the merchandiser job? |
Doing the market research, estimate and developing the price to meet the budget, reviewing the designer line and approved the line |
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What is a diffusion line? |
less expensive line offered by the designer in high fashion |
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What is CSR? |
Practices that contribute positive on the society |
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What is a trend forecaster? |
Help the companies with trend forecasting and customers shopping behavior, they write trend reports have seminars etc for the companies |
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Market research includes? |
1. Consumer research 2. Product research 3. Market analysis |
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What is the consumer research? |
You look at your customers shopping behaviour, needs , se if they are profit and big enough, divided the consumers into groups after demographic or physhographics. |
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What is the product reseach? |
To find how they should crete the product which design is must popular what characteristics should it have etc. Can send out free trial, talk to the customer at internet or send a questionnaire. Need to check the trends, good for decison as how many styles and groups should they have and price and delivery time. |
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What is the market analyse? |
Important to know what will sell in the future Long range forecasting look at economies, trends, politics etc. Short range forecasting - what is our goal how is the competitors working need to find your drive passion core business |
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What is the target customer? 7 |
That is the customer that the company produce their product for, very important to know who that customer is can include 1. gender 2. age 3. average income 4. price zone 5. lifestyle 6. Buying habits 7. geographic location |
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What is the fashion reserach? |
The designer and merchandiser daily look in newspaper, magazines etc to find out the latest trend. Looks at the papers as the customer usually looks in. This is important because you can loose a lot of money if you do not know the fashion trends
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Different types of trends 4 |
1. Mega effects all long term 2. trends only effect some areas 1-5 years 3. micro only effect a limited area 1 or less than a year 4. pendulum swing jeans change the shape and colour |
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Why trends? 6 |
1. decoration 2. newness 3. show -of 4. group wise 5. uniq 6- commerce |
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Innovation bell? |
2.5 % innovators who create the trend 13.5 % early adopters who takes the trend to the market 34% early majority 34% late majority 16% laggars |
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Forecasting input? 11 |
1. Art 2.Music films 3. Celebirties 4. fahsion and trade shows 5. lifedream 6. lifestyle 7. innovation 8 travelling 9. go out and shop and ask customer 10 media 11 big events |
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Forecasting output? |
identify the feeling - your inspiration trust it identify if its is a big or a small trend judge the total impact of the trend identify when the trend will be big give the trend a name give it a clear presentation |
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What do you more search for? |
Pattern trims fabrics colour qualities details shape and styling |
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Trend today? |
A whole outfit Coulour no details No colour the fabrics Sustainble Intresting in the story behind the clothes |
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Fashion triangle |
1. basic 2. fashion 3. trends |
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Trade publication? |
cover a specific industry for people who works in that industry, on a magazine |
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Different kinds of inspiration for the designer? 8 |
1. Colour 2. Historic 3. nature 4. art 5. ethinic 6. fabric texture and trim 7. retro 8. events |
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What do the product developer? |
research for the fabrics and trims and other components to the style. |
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What is the sale volume? |
the actual sale of each style both mark up and mark up prices |
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What is costing? |
When you decide the price it is very important that 2 garments in the same line do not compete against each other for sale
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What is a swatch? |
each design sketch or tech drawing includes a small sample of the intended fabric |
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How can you do the sketch? |
1. hand 2. technical 3. computer |
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What is PDM? |
it is a computer system where you put in all information about the new style which you can use in your production, easy to change something and better communications
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What is PLM? |
This is how you handle the product in its whole lifecycle not just only in the production, you can also save the design to use it another time |
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what is the first adoption meeting? |
the designer present her line and the sketches of it for the merhandiser who choose which one that should continue to the design development |
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What is important when you decide a line? |
To have a right mix of products different kinds of styles of a product, and have the right price for your products
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What should the garment specification sheet include? 5 |
1. the placement for trims 2. the fabric linning 3. the space between thing 4. stiching 5. styles of the trims and findings |
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what is target costing?
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a price method used by the firms to plan in advisce for the price for the product both the costs and the margins to aichieve, maximum amount of costs on a product. if you do not get to the target costing you need to change the sketch |
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what is a sample sale? |
use by the retailer business to show the design in the fashion lines, store, magazines |
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what do you do first in the step 3? |
You do the first pattern, can do it inhouse or use a contractour that fix it for you if they get paid. |
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what do they pattern maker need to know? 5 |
1. the mesruremnts and fit 2. how to do a pattern 3. the fabrics 4. the production 5. types of equipments you need |
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What is a PDS system? pos 4 neg 4 |
It is a system to make a pattern positive 1. speed 2. more exact mesurements 3. can put in the specifications sheets 4. can integreated the prodution so tehy can change things at the pattern negative 1. cost 2. time if something went wrong 3. technical support 4. hard to realize how it will look like when it is finished
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What do you do after the patternmaking? |
Do a prototype where you do some test on it and also see the style and fit. You might need to approved the style and the fit. you test the prototype on a model to see that
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What do you do after this? |
You estimate the cost and material labour trims and finding other costs as hangtags, labels, distribution, duty and after that you decide your styles
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what is important to bring up when you reweiving the line? |
1. the inspiration 2. how they coorpirate together 3. target customer and price |
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What is the cost manufacture? |
the amount the company will spend to create the garemnt |
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What is the wholesale price? |
the amount that the retailer pays for the garment
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what is a preline? |
before you create a sample you can show a preline on the computer to see what the customer are looking for, good because you know exactly what they want which create a good relations ship and you can fix the products but it is bad because you might not get the garmnets on timef |
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What do you do after you have determined the price? |
ordering and make the first sample, also need to order the trims, do a line sheet or a line catalogue to show the different kinds of styles of the line |
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what is a private label? |
owned and controlled by the retailer in his own store, like H&M ZARA, good because you can get good information from the retailer which gives them a power, no costs for wholesaler and distribution, loyality and differention bad higher investment and higher risks |
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what is private branding?
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the retailer buys a bulk of products and puts the name on it |
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what i co branding? |
two companies form a alliance to work together an agreement a product or a campaign together |
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Term market in 3 ways? |
1. the place where you sell and bought things 2. the cunsomers demand for a product 3. the market how the product is pomoted through advertising and media |
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what is the channels of trade communication? 8 |
1. trade journals 2. fashion/trade shows 3. showrooms 4. websites 5. events 6. lookbooks 7. point of sale material in stores 8. pressevent |
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what do you need to know when you are at the trade show? 4 |
1. which segment you represent high end low end 2. which type of clothes mens women children 3. geographic dispersion 4. where you are in the value chain |
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Retail perspective market weeks? |
1. can review a large number of collection 2. can place an order 3. can look and place an order later 4. can attend seminars and learn new things how they can work with the new trends |
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Wholesale perspective market weeks? |
1. can show their collection 2. can get inspiration from other 3. can sell their lines 4. can talk and create new relationsships 5. can see which garments tehy should produce which are popular |
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What is the advantages/dis for the manufactures to create corporate showrooms? |
Total control and the staff is 100% devoted Capital investment necessary, might not have the right knowledge about the local retailer |
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what is the advantages/dis for multiline sales reprensatives? |
no initial capital investment, can related the thing to each other found new thing, the represenatives know the local retailer
the sale staff is not 100% devoted no control of the image |
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what should you put in your terms of sales? 7 |
1. delivery time 2. guarantees related to style quality 3. discounts if anything is not okey 4. promotion tools and gifts 5. mark downprice 6. if they are allowed to do coorperative adverstising 7 reorder possibilities |
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2 types of distribution? |
1. open - sell to any retailer just to satisfy the business experience 2. selected - only sell to some retailers that are under a certain creteria |
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How do you talking to the trade? |
The trade is journalists, bloggers, supplier, specielist which you need to talk to in a special way, the langue, culture and the process is different. |
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What do the brand maneger? 8 |
1. teach the staff about the product 2. create and fix sponsorships, events 3. put the product in a specific movie, music video reklam etc 4. guerilla marketing 5. trunk shows day event in store 6. advertising fix the product in a magazine 7. editors writing about the product for free 8. help retailer |
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Why a brand maneger? |
1. to increase the sell volume 2. increase the sale volume in low season 3. increase the profit 4. develop and demand 5. attract new customers 6. helps you at a new market by introducing your product 7. help to increase the value for the customer |
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how do you do when you should marketing a new campaign?
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1. what are the objectives 2. prepare a budget 3. select an merchandise 4. establish a schedule 5. promotion message 6 evaluation |
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How can you marketing your products? |
1. direct sales to a retailer 2. sell through an agent 3. exclusive distribution agreements 4. licences |
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What does the preproduction include? |
1. order fabric, trims, 2. finalize the pattern, and the written documents, maybe the pattern need some changes them you have to write it in the documentation as well 3. grade the pattern into sizes 4. inspect the fabric |
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What does the colour mangement? |
Work in the preproduction to find the dyes that matched the colour chip or swtach from the apparel company, they also need to find trims that matches the colour |
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What is the construction specification? |
with the written document you can do this this determinates what should be create and sew frist second third etc.
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what is grading the production pattern? |
make the pattern to a different size which is more cheap than do a new sample garment, there are no grade rules so you need to specify this |
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What is fallout disposal? |
waste material more expensive today becuae the customer expects responsible for recycle, and transportation |
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What is bunding? |
each colour size and style is grouped and bunded together, |
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What is dye lot mangement? |
code the garments for the colour so the colour matched exactly and be bunded, distribution together |
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What is the criteria for sourcing? 7 |
1. quality 2. costs productivity 3. the companies philosophy 4. quality assurance and control standars 5. equipment and skills 6. social responsibility 7. capacities |
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Other criteria for sourcing? 6 |
1. political 2. economical 3. infrasturcture 4. shipping distance 5. trade agreements - taxes, labour laws, COC 6. natural disatser |
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What is a sweatshop?
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an workplace where the basic workers rights are not respected. long hours working, no overtime pay, poor working conditions
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what is the trends in sourcing? 8
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1. local sourcing 2. focusing in all aspescts in the chain 3. brand mangement security services 4. incerase demand from customer 5. threats in the world increase 6. corporate responsiblity 7. avaibility and price for raw material 8. oil price
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what is massproduction |
Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines. |
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what is fast fashion production |
Fast fashion is a contemporary term used by fashion retailers to express that designs move from catwalk quickly in order to capture current fashion trends.[1] Fast fashion clothing collections are based on the most recent fashion trends presented at Fashion Week in both the spring and the autumn of every year.[2] These trends are designed and manufactured quickly and cheaply to allow the mainstream consumer to buy current clothing styles at a lower price. This philosophy of quick manufacturing at an affordable price is used in large retailers such as H&M, Zara, Peacocks, and Topshop. |
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what is mass customization? |
Mass customization, in marketing, manufacturing, call centres and management, is the use of flexible computer-aided manufacturing systems to produce custom output. Those systems combine the low unit costs of mass production processes with the flexibility of individual customization. |
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what is the advantages for mass custamization?
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The benefits generally are specialization, high volume flexibility, lower costs, higher quality, lower inventory, and shorter lead times. |
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what is the production works wage rates?
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j |
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which is the last thing you need to do before sending it to the distrubution center? |
1. Pressing 2.Fabric treatment 3. attaching handtags 4. folding and packing. |
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what is the quality assurance? |
Quality assurance is any systematic process of checking to see whether a product or service being developed is meeting specified requirements. Many companies have a separate department devoted to quality assurance. |
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what is important in the production? |
Reducing labour costs All systems must work together in a flow Have special equipment to speed up The workers are activity involved, a team responsibility for quality and goods produces Flexibility
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what does the product maneger? |
1. visit factories for preproduction review the new styles and check the production in the process 2. approve production shipment 3. Review samples from the factories to check the specifications 4. Organize labels and packing and prepare costs sheets |
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Problem with outsourcing? |
1. different culture - words, dresses, gifts |
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Advantages for outsourcing? |
1. lower labour costs 2. concentration on specific tasks 3. easier to control your own costs 3. avaibility for skills 4. More different kinds of materials 5. flexibility 6. smaller investment and start up costs 7. better technology |
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Disadvantages for outsourcing? |
1. workforce displacement 2. shutdown factories create ghost towns 3. increase of global travelling 4. how the local is working' 5. late delivery 6. misscomunication 7. luxury brand, expect it to come from france |
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What do you look at when you start outsourcing? |
1. location for the partner 2. quality and service 3. country reputation 4. production capacity 5. on going performance 6. costs assessment 7. local laws 8 experience of the partner management team 9. where is the fabricating of the material |
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What is on the bill of material BOM? |
1. findings/trims 2. Main fabric 3. Thread 4. shipping bags 5 labels |
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What is DTM?
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Dye to match - colour matching |
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What is the vision? |
overal goal that all business activities are designed to help the organization achieve, drives the organisation |
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Trade of? |
choosing what to do and not, very important |
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3 types of strategies |
1. corporate sets the overall scope and direction aligned to the vision and mission 2. business sets the goals and and objectives for each specific business unit 3. operational sets the action the day to day plan |
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what is the purpose for a business plan? |
define what you want your business to achieve its objectives, its a roadmap for a new business idea it shows where you want to go |
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how does the formel for forecast trends looks like? |
Fn=Fbasic+(n-1)*T where n is the period |
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what is branded retail |
Branded retail chains design their own collections and promote their own retail brands |
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product maneger and buyer responsible |
Understand how to use the information of internal control reports Carry out fashion idea search continuously and participate in purchase trips Participate in assortment planning Represent the company in negotiations with suppliers Negotiate terms of delivery and payment Find good suppliers Set prices |
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CMT (customer brand): |
The customer owns all main materials. The supplier has no direct financial responsibility for consumption or cutting mistakes. The brand owner is always responsible for his products towards the consumer. If consumers find problems with the product, for example after the first wash, and they return the product to the retailer, the retailer may have difficulties in getting compensation from the supplier. |
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Full-Package, Private Label (customer brand): |
Supplier buys all materials and is directly responsible for them. Responsibility for product quality towards the consumer is the same as above. |
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Supplier brand: |
Supplier is responsible for quality and the retailer may return all faulty goods returned to them by consumers. |
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4 types if error |
1. style 2. total 3. colour 4. size |
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product audit? |
Product audit focuses on what kind of products the company is capable of producing. The general product quality |
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ISO 14001 |
is an environmental standard. It specifies how to deal with waste and how to be environmentally responsible. |
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STU? |
a number or a code used to identify each distinct product and service that can be purchase and systematically tracked |
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Bill of landing? |
a document issued by a carrier which details a shipment of merchandise and gives title of that shipment to a specified party.[1] Bills of lading are one of three important documents used in international trade to help guarantee that exporters receive payment and importers receive merchandise. |
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Purchase contract |
legal binding document between the vendor and purchaser agreement, prices conditions, quantity |
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letter of credit |
A letter of credit is a document from a bank guaranteeing that a seller will receive payment in full as long as certain delivery conditions have been met. |
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cohort |
Group whose members share a significant experience at a certain period of time or have one or more similar characteristics . |
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eta och etd |
estimate time of arrival and estimated time of delivering |
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Branded manufacturer / branded mareketer? |
branded manufacturer owns the brand, have their own production development and some own the factories is own by them, selling throw own stores or retailer (ETON) branded marketer owns the brans, have their own production development do not own any factories, selling throw own stores or reatilers (odd molly) |
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CSR in the buisness? |
1. CSR integration - shared value instead of a control 2. The gouverment has not the knowledge to solve al problems, the company needs to identify some problems and fix it 3. better that all in the company knows about the problem and understand it |
