Farr Bio 1320 Exam 3

Front 1

Photoautotrophs:
A. eat other organisms that use light energy to make food molecules.
B. include only the green plants.
C. make sugar by using organic raw materials.
D. produce organic molecules from inorganic molecules.
E. None of the choices are correct.

Back 1

D. produce organic molecules from inorganic molecules

Front 2

What is the source of the chemical energy that most cells on earth rely on?
A. aerobic respiration B. protein synthesis C. glycogen D. photosynthesis E.fermentation

Back 2

D. photosynthesis

Front 3

Which of the following are accessory pigments in plant photosynthesis?
A. anthocyanins B. chlorophyll b C. carotenoids D. xanthophylls E. all of

Back 3

E. all of the above

Front 4

Most carbon enters the web of life through:
A. photosynthesis. B. aerobic respiration
C. decomposition of organic matter. D. chemosynthesis
E. anaerobic respiration.

Back 4

A. photosynthesis

Front 5

Sugars are made in the organelle known as the:
A. Chloroplast. B. Mitochondria.
C. Endoplasmic reticulum. D.Golgi body.E. Microbody

Back 5

A. Chloroplast

Front 6

The dry weight of an acre of corn plants at the end of the growing season is about 6 tons! Most of that
dry weight came from:
A. Carbon dioxide. B. Fertilizer. C. Soil minerals. D. Water. E. Sunlight

Back 6

A. Carbon Dioxide

Front 7

The blood circulatory system transports ________ percent of the absorbed ethanol to the liver.
A. 50 B. 90 C. 75 D. 10 E. 25

Back 7

B. 90

Front 8

Which of the following best describes enzymes?
A. They react only at very high temperatures. B. They all end in the word suffix -ose.
C. They are lipoproteins. D. They are biochemical catalysts.
E. They are consumed in the chemical reaction

Back 8

D. They are biochemical catalysts

Front 9

Photolysis is best described as the:
A. Reduction of NADP B. The break-down of a photon. C. Splitting of water molecules.
D. Calvin cycle. E. Phosphorylation of ADP

Back 9

C. Splitting of water molecules

Front 10

The ultimate source of electrons for replacing transferred and captured electrons in photosynthesis is:
A. NADPH. B. CO2. C. Sunlight. D. H2O. E. ATP.

Back 10

D. H2O

Front 11

The ultimate source of energy stored in food for most organisms is:
A. the sun.
B. the network of metabolic pathways found in all living organisms.
C. the sea.
D. the soil.
E. a certain group of food crops.

Back 11

A. the sun

Front 12

Air enters and leaves primarily through the:
A. lower epidermis. B. mesophyll. C. none of these. D. upper epidermis. E. stomata.

Back 12

E. Stoma

Front 13

Life could not continue on the earth unless organisms developed the capacity for trapping the energy of
sunlight. Organisms capable of doing this are called:
A. Bacteria. B. Viruses. C. Necrotrophs. D. Autotrophs.
E. Heterotrophs.

Back 13

D. Autotrophs

Front 14

The basic raw material(s) needed by plants for photosynthesis is (are):
A. O2. B. enzymes. C. .N2. D. carbohydrates. E. none of these.

Back 14

E. None of these

Front 15

Cellulose, glucose and glycogen belong to a group of organic compounds known as:
A. Enzymes. B. Nucleoproteins. C. Proteins.
D. Carbohydrates. E. Lipids.

Back 15

D. Carbs

Front 16

The earliest organisms on the earth were probably:
A. Autotrophic anaerobes. B. Heterotrophic anaerobes. C. Heterotrophic aerobes.
D. Autotrophic aerobes. E. Heterosexual

Back 16

A. Autotropic anaerobes

Front 17

The metabolic reactions in which food is broken down to release energy are collectively referred to as:
A. Catabolism. B. Anaerobic. C. Catalysis. D. Anabolism. E. Aerobic.

Back 17

A. Catabolism

Front 18

Which of the following statements describes an electron transfer chain?
A. It transfers energy, stepwise, from one compound to another.
B. It utilizes ATP to synthesize nutrients.
C. It requires activation by oxygen.
D. Cells use it to dispose of excess electrons.
E. It generates energy from carbohydrates

Back 18

A. it transfers enertgy, stepwise, from one compound to another

Front 19

The process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the air and attached to organic molecules is
called:
A. Cyclic photophosphorylation. B. Oxidative photophosphorylation.
C. C4. D. Carbon dioxide fixation or reduction.
E. All of these.

Back 19

A. Cyclic photoposphorylation

Front 20

Almost all of the energy-requiring chemical reactions of the cell get their energy directly from:
A. Glucose. B. CO2. C. NAD.
D. Adenosine triphosphate. E. Lipids.

Back 20

D. Adenoosine triphospate

Front 21

The functional role of chlorophyll plays in photosynthesis is related to:
A. The reduction of carbon dioxide. B. The absorption of light.
C. Reflecting red and blue light. D. NOTHING associated with light.
E. None of the above.

Back 21

B. The absorption of light

Front 22

Chlorophyll reflects which color of light?
A. green B. orange C. blue D. red E. yellow

Back 22

green

Front 23

The most serious possible effect of binge drinking is:
A. migraine headaches. B. dizziness C. dehydration
D. nausea. E. sudden heart stoppage.

Back 23

E. sudden heart stopage

Front 24

Which of the following respiration steps results in the most ATP?
A. Hydrogen transfer (electron transport system).
B. Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl Co-A.
C. Release of carbon dioxide.
D. Conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid.
E. Phosphorylation of sugar.

Back 24

A. Hydrogen transfer (etc, electron transport system)

Front 25

Which process releases the greatest amount of usable energy per molecule of glucose broken down?
A. Lactic acid fermentation. B. Anaerobic respiration.
C. Aerobic respiration. D. Alcoholic fermentation.
E. Glycolysis.

Back 25

Aerobic respiriation

Front 26

Dark reactions are called “dark” because:
A. They usually involve different pigments than light reactions.
B. They require darkness.
C. Of the iron-containing pigment molecules on which they are based.
D. They do not depend directly on sunlight as long as ATP and NADPH2 are available.
E. They use light on the dark end of the spectrum

Back 26

They do not depend directly on sunlight as long as ATP and NADPH2 are available

Front 27

Which of the following statements is false?
A. Enzymes allow some reactions to occur that would never occur without them.
B. Most enzymes are protein molecules.
C. Enzymes may be temporarily modified during their involvement with the substrate.
D. Enzymes catalyze reversible reactions in either direction.
E. Enzymes are highly specific.

Back 27

A. Enzymes allow some reactions to occur that would never occur w/out them

Front 28

The only part of a green plant that is actually green is the:
A. Golgi apparatus. B. Dictosomes. C. Grana of chloroplasts.
D. Stroma of chloroplasts. E. Cytoplasm of leaf cells.

Back 28

C. Grana of chloroplasts

Front 29

Plants need these resource to carry on photosynthesis:
A. glucose and carbon dioxide B. glucose and oxygen
C. water and oxygen gas D. carbon dioxide and oxygen gas
E. carbon dioxide and water

Back 29

E. Carbon dioxide and water

Front 30

In cells of both plants and animals, aerobic respiration takes place in which organelles?
A. Enzymes. B. Golgi bodies. C. Mitochondria. D. Nuclei. E. Ribosomes

Back 30

C. Mitochondria

Front 31

The ultimate source of almost all energy for organisms is:
A. Carbon dioxide. B. The sun. C. The moon.D. The ocean. E. Oxygen.

Back 31

B. The Sun

Front 32

The main function of cyclic photophosphorylation in photosynthesis is to:
A. Decompose the water molecule.
B. Produce ATP.
C. Produce glucose.
D. Provide hydrogen which in turn will be used in carbon dioxide fixation.
E. Produce PGAL.

Back 32

B. Produce ATP

Front 33

Which of the following is NOT physically associated with mitochondria?
A. Krebs cycle. B. Electron transfer system. C. Aerobic respiration.D. Glycolysis. E. Cristae.

Back 33

D. Glycolysis

Front 34

Every day a human must produce about ________ of ATP.
A. 40 lbs. B. 40 ounces. C. 1 lb. D. 1 ton E. 4 lbs.

Back 34

40 lbs

Front 35

CO2 is “fixed” or reduced in:
A. Noncyclic photophosphorylation. B. The light reactions.
C. Both light and dark reactions. D. Cyclic photophosphorylation.
E. The light-independent reactions

Back 35

E. The light-independent reactions

Front 36

In the metabolism of glucose, almost all organisms first break down or split glucose into pyruvic acid in
the set of reactions called:
A. The light reactions. B. Oxidative phosphorylation.
C. The light-independent reactions D. The Krebs cycle.
E. Glycolysis.

Back 36

E. Glycolysis

Front 37

Which is the organelle with cristae?
A. Ribosome. B. Nucleolus. C. Mitochondrion. D. Centriole. E. Lysosome.

Back 37

C. Mitochondrion

Front 38

Most of the enzymes in your body work best a a pH of about
A. 7 B. 14 C. 3 D. 9 E. 5

Back 38

A. 7

Front 39

Hydrogen ion flow in the thylakoid compartments
A. causes excitation of chlorophyll molecules.
B. requires the intermediary action of acceptor molecules.
C. occurs between photosystems I and II.
D. is called the hydrogen transfer system.
E. provides energy to produce ATP molecules

Back 39

E. provides energy to produce ATP molecules

Front 40

The primary role of oxygen in respiration is to:
A. Combine with lactic acid to form pyruvic acid.
B. Catalyze glycolysis reactions.
C. Yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain.
D. Act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen at the end of the electron transport chain.E. Combine with carbon, forming CO2.

Back 40

D. Act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen at the end of the electron transport chain

Front 41

An electron-transport chain for photoautotrophs is located in which of the following:
A. Nucleolus. B. Cytoplasm. C. Golgi apparatus.D. Nucleus. E. Chloroplasts

Back 41

E. Chloroplasts

Front 42

ATP is made during movement of electrons through the electron transport chain via a process called:
A. glycolysis. B. None of the above. C. phosphorylation.
D. photolysis. E. respiration

Back 42

B. none

Front 43

Which of the following is in correct order with respect to decreasing energy levels (potential energy) of
the compounds:
A. ADP, CO2, ATP. B. ATP, ADP, CO2. C. CO2, ADP, ATP.
D. ATP, CO2, ADP. E. ADP, ATP, CO2.

Back 43

ATP, ADP, CO2

Front 44

The variety of chlorophyll present in all green plants and required directly in photolysis is:
A. Chlorophyll c B. Chlorophyll d C. Chlorophyll a D. Beta carotene. E. Chlorophyll

Back 44

C. Chlorophyll a

Front 45

Photosynthesis occurs in two major steps--the Light Reactions and:
A. Light-independent reactions. B. CO2 Fixation Cycle. C. Dark Reactions.
D. Calvin-Benson Cycle. E. All of these can be used.

Back 45

E. all

Front 46

Glucose catabolism (respiration):
A. Usually does not involve oxygen. B. Usually does not result in CO2.
C. Is literally a fire. D. Is quite similar in all organisms.

Back 46

D. Is quiet similar in all organisms

Front 47

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning an electron that has absorbed a photon?
A. It quickly returns to its original energy level. B. It may emit energy as a photon.
C. It may emit energy as heat. D. It becomes more stable.
E. It moves to a higher energy level.

Back 47

D. It becomes more stable

Front 48

Glycolysis ends with the formation of:
A. Water from oxygen and hydrogen. B. Glucose. C. Sugar from starch D. Pyruvic acid

Back 48

D. Pyruvic Acid

Front 49

The portions of the solar spectrum most effective in photosynthesis are:
A. Yellow and blue. B. Indigo and green. C. Red and blue.
D. Green and blue. E. None of the above.

Back 49

C. Red and Blue

Front 50

The chemical structure of chlorophyll:
A. is protein. B. is basically a carbohydrate.
C. is identical to hemoglobin. D. resembles the non-protein part of hemoglobin.
E. is that of a lipid.

Back 50

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Front 51

Which of the following processes is anabolic?
A. Digestion. B. Fermentation.
C. Deamination of amino acids. D. Respiration.
E. Photosynthesis.

Back 51

E. photosynthesis

Front 52

A high concentration of H+ in the thylakoid compartment provides energy for the ________ by
________.
A. production of sugars; the light-independent reactions
B. production of O2; photolysis
C. breakdown of water; oxidation
D. production of ATP; ATP synthesis
E. reduction of NADP+; an electron transfer chain

Back 52

D. Production of ATP -- ATP synthesis

Front 53

The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from:
A. carbon dioxide. B. glucose. C. atmospheric oxygen.
D. water. E. ribulose bisphosphate

Back 53

D. water

Front 54

Which of the following colors of light has the greatest energy?
A. blue B. green C. red D. yellow E. orange

Back 54

Blue

Front 55

Which of the following compounds has six carbon atoms?
A. glucose B. oxaloacetate
C. phosphoglycerate (PGA) D. ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
E. phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)

Back 55

s

Front 56

Plant cells produce one molecule of O2:
A. during the light-independent reactions. B. by splitting one carbon dioxide molecule.
C. by splitting one molecule of water. D. by splitting two molecules of water.
E. by breaking down glucose

Back 56

D. by splitting 2 molecules

Front 57

Which of the following statements about exergonic reactions is false?
A. Glucose metabolism is an example.
B. Some energy is converted to less biologically useful forms.
C. Bonds are broken.
D. They release energy.
E. Their products have more energy than the reactants.

Back 57

s

Front 58

If you expose a photosynthesizing plant to water that contains both radioactive H and radioactive O, in
which of the products of photosynthesis will the radioactive H and O show up?
A. H in glucose and water; O in O2 B. H in water; O in glucose
C. H in glucose and water; O in water and O2 D. H and O both in glucose
E. H in glucose; O in water

Back 58

s

Front 59

ATP contains:
A. tyrosine. B. glucose. C. alanine. D. arginine. E. ribose.

Back 59

s

Front 60

The summary equation for photosynthesis is
A. C6H12O6+ 6 O2 + sunlight _ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O.
B. the same as the equation for glycolysis written in reverse.
C. 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + sunlight _ C6H12O6 + 6 O2+6H2O
D. C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + sunlight _ 5 CO2 + 6 H2O.
E. None of the choices are correct.

Back 60

C.

6CO2 + 12 H2O + sunlight _ C6H12O6 + 6 O2+ 6H20

Front 61

The first stage of photosynthesis begins with:
A. breakdown of ATP. B. phosphorylation of ADP.
C. synthesis of NADPH. D. hydrolysis of water.
E. excitation of electrons.

Back 61

E. excitation of electrons

Front 62

All EXCEPT which of the following must be available for the light-independent reactions to occur?
A. ribulose bisphosphate B. ATP and NADPH C. enzymes
D. oxygen E. carbon dioxide

Back 62

D. oxygen

Front 63

Currently, (according to Chapter 6's introduction) the most serious drug problem on campuses is:
A. codeine addiction. B. binge drinking. C. methamphetamine addiction
D. cocaine addiction. E. marijuana addiction.

Back 63

Binge drinking

Front 64

Photosystems are mainly:
A. clusters of ATP molecules. B. electron transport systems.
C. light-trapping molecules. D. enzymes for splitting water.
E. sugar assembly sites.

Back 64

C. light trapping molecules

Front 65

According to the first law of thermodynamics,
A. chemical reactions do not create or destroy energy.
B. energy can change from one form to another.
C. .the energy of a system may increase if there is a corresponding decrease in energy elsewhere in the
universe.
D. the amount of energy in the universe is constant.
E. e. all of these

Back 65

E. All

Front 66

Enzymes:
A. may place physical stress on the bonds of the substrate.
B. may require cofactors.
C. control the speed of a reaction.
D. change shapes to facilitate certain reactions.
E. all of these

Back 66

E. all

Front 67

Which of the following statements is false?
A. Enzymes act as catalysts and speed up chemical reactions within cells.
B. Most enzymes are proteins.
C. Enzymes can become deactivated in high fevers.
D. Enzymes are highly specific and act on chemicals called substrates.
E. Most enzymes work best under high salt conditions.

Back 67

D. Most enzmes work best under high salt conditions

Front 68

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis:
A. cannot occur in light. B. generate ATP. C. fix carbon dioxide.
D. release oxygen. E. all of these.

Back 68

E. All?

Front 69

Enzyme activity may be affected by:
A. temperature B. the presence of cofactors. C. salinity.
D. pH. E. all of these

Back 69

E. All

Front 70

Which of the following statements is (are) true of pigments?
A. They absorb photons of specific colors. B. They absorb photons of specific wavelengths.
C. They absorb some photons. D. They reflect some photons.
E. all of these

Back 70

They absorb photons

Front 71

The final hydrogen acceptor in the noncyclic pathway of ATP formation is:
A. glucose. B. chlorophyll a. C. H2O. D. ATP. E. NADP+.

Back 71

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Front 72

Which of the following are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A. ATP, NADPH, O2 B. NADP+, O2, ADP C. ATP, NADPH, CO2
D. glucose, ADP, NADP+ E. glucose, ADP, NADP+, CO2

Back 72

A. ATP, NADPH, O2

Front 73

The activation energy of a reaction refers to the minimum amount of energy:
A. necessary to cause it to proceed on its own.
B. in the products.
C. difference between the energy of the reactants and the energy for the products.
D. released by the reaction.
E. in the reactants.

Back 73

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Front 74

The energy necessary to encourage two atoms to form a bond is called:
A. The ionic charge. B. Electron potential. C. The energy crisis.
D. The activation energy. E. Diffusion.

Back 74

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Front 75

The active site of an enzyme:
A. is a specific bulge or protuberance on an enzyme.
B. will react with only one substrate no matter how many molecules may resemble the shape of the
substrate.
C. rigidly resists any alteration of its shape.
D. is where the coenzyme is located.
E. is a groove or crevice in the structure of the enzyme complementary to the substrate.

Back 75

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Front 76

Where in a plant cell is chlorophyll found?
A. in the stroma B. in the thylakoids
C. on the outer chloroplast membrane D. in the cytoplasm of the cell
E. none of these

Back 76

C. On the outer chloroplast membrane

Front 77

Which of these molecules has the greatest bond energy?
A. ATP B. AMP
C. ADP D. All have the same bond energy.
E. They have no bond energy.

Back 77

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Front 78

Which of the following statements is false?
A. Energy flow is a one-way flow.
B. Energy cannot be converted from one form to another.
C. The amount of energy in the universe now is the same as the first day of the universe.
D. Engery can be stored in the chemical bonds between elements
E. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

Back 78

Energy can not be converted from one form to another

Front 79

Glycolsis starts and ends in the ____________.
A. golgi body B. plasma membranes C. nucleus
D. cytoplasm E. mitochondrium

Back 79

D. cytoplasm

Front 80

Glycolysis:
A. Does not require ATP.
B. Produces 6 molecules of CO2 per molecule of glucose.
C. Requires CO2 to get it started.
D. Does not require oxygen.

Back 80

D. Does not require Oxygen

Front 81

We often speak of “limiting factors” in biology; that is, conditions or substances which limit the
processes of biological system by absence or insufficient amount. Which of the following “factors”
would NOT limit photosynthesis by suddenly disappearing?
A. Chlorophyll. B. Water. C. Free oxygen. D. Light. E. Carbon dioxide.

Back 81

C. Free Oxygen

Front 82

ATP contains:
A. uracil B. thymine C. adenine D. guanine E. cytosine

Back 82

C. adenine

Front 83

Which of the following is formed last in the transfer of solar energy?
A. O2 B. NADPH C. H+ D. excited electrons E. ATP

Back 83

A. O2?

Front 84

Which of the following occurs in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?
A. NADP+ is reduced. B. ATP is produced.
C. Glucose is produced. D. Water is broken down.
E. Oxygen is released.

Back 84

C. Glucose is produced

Front 85

Photosynthesis consists of essentially two biological reaction systems (light reactions and lightindependent
reactions) following in sequence. Which of the following is characteristic of the dark
(light-independent) reactions?
A. Occur in the nucleus. B. Cease in the presence of light. C. Trap light energy.
D. Synthesize PGAL. E. Decompose carbon dioxide

Back 85

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Front 86

ATP:
A. is the energy currency in the cell's economy. B. is made by all cells.
C. easily gives up phosphate groups. D. primes stable molecules to react.
E. all of these

Back 86

E. All

Front 87

In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, substrate is synonymous with:
A. reactants. B. co-enzyme. C. end products. D. by-products. E. intermediates.

Back 87

A. reactants

Front 88

The first event of photosynthesis is the:
A. transfer of an electron from chlorophyll. B. synthesis of NADPH.
C. hydrolysis of water. D. synthesis of sugar.
E. manufacturing of ATP.

Back 88

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Front 89

As a source of energy for photosynthesis, which is the LEAST effective portion of the solar spectrum?
A. Indigo. B. Red. C. Green. D. Blue. E. Orange.

Back 89

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Front 90

In certain organisms and under certain conditions ___________ can be used as an energy alternative to
glucose.
A. amino acids B. glycerol C. fatty acids
D. None of the above. E. All of the above.

Back 90

E. all

Front 91

Photoautotrophs that use water as a source of electrons:
A. increase the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere.
B. release H2 as a by-product.
C. require less sunlight energy for photosynthesis than those that do not.
D. produce less carbohydrate than those that do not.
E. increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Back 91

increase the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere

Front 92

In photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by:
A. Photons. B. None of these. C. Electrons. D. Protons. E. Neutrons

Back 92

B. none

Front 93

Electron transfer chains involve _________
A. electron transfers B. membranes in cells C. enzymes and cofactors
D. all of the above E. none of the above

Back 93

electron transfers
membranes in cells
enzymes and cofactors

Front 94

For each molecule of glucose converted to pyruvic acid:
A. Two molecules of ATP are used and four are produced.
B. One molecule of ATP is used and one is produced.
C. Two molecules of ATP are used and two are produced.
D. One molecule of ATP is used and two are produced

Back 94

C. 2 molecules of ATP are used to and 2 are produced

Front 95

Excess glucose in most complex plants is stored as:
A. glycogen B. cellulose. C. fructose D. starch E. sucrose

Back 95

d. starch

Front 96

Endergonic reactions:
A. are used by cells to provide energy for biological reactions.
B. breakdown large molecules into smaller molecules.
C. result in products with less energy than the reactants.
D. require a net input of energy.
E. occur in the breakdown of glucose.

Back 96

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Front 97

What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis?
A. ATP B. None are correct C. light
D. electromagnetism E. cellular resspiration

Back 97

s

Front 98

Cellulose is a polymer composed of many repeating units called:
A. Nucleic acids. B. Pyruvic acids. C. Glucose. D. Amino acids. E. Fatty Acids.

Back 98

C. glucose

Front 99

The characteristic dark tail, ears, face, and paws of a Siamese cat result from
A. variations in pigment production by a heat-sensitive enzyme.
B. pH damage to a pigment production enzyme.
C. feed back inhibition of a pigment-producing enzyme.
D. variations in the availability of a coenzyme.
E. allosteric control of a pigment-producing enzyme.

Back 99

A. Variations in pigment production by a heat sensitive enzyme