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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter?
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sawtooth p waves
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what is the definition of unstable angina?
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angina that is new, worsening, or occurs at rest
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What would you give a diabetic patient with proteinuria who is hypertensive?
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ACEi
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What is Beck's triad?
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tells about cardiac tamponade
1. hypotension 2. distant heart sounds 3. JVD |
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What drugs slow the heart rate?
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CCB
Beta blockers digoxin amiodarone |
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What hypercholesterol medicine leads to flushing and pruritis?
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Niacin
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What does a hypertrophic obstrustive cardiomyopathy sound like?
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systolic ejection murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increases with decreased preload aka valsalva maneuver
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What does a aortic insufficieny murmur sound like?
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Austin Flint murmur, a diastolic, decrescendo, low-pitched, blowing murmur that is best heard standing up
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What does a aortic stenosis murmur sound like?
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systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to into the neck and increases with increased preload (squatting)
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What does squatting increase?
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increases preload
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What does valsalva increase?
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increases with increased afterload
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What does a mitral regurgitation murmur sound like?
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holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla
increases with increased afterload (handgrip maneuver) |
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What does a mitral stenosis murmur sound like?
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diastolic murmur
mid-to-late low pitched murmur preceded by an opening snap |
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What is the treatment for atrial flutter and atrial fib?
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If unstable cardiovert
If stable or chronic rate control with CCBs or Beta Blockers |
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What is the Tx for V.fib?
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Immediate cardioversion
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What is Dressler's syndrome?
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an autoimmune reaction with fever, pericarditis, and increased ESR occuring 2-4wks post-MI
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You are examining a pt and find that he has been abusing IV drugs. He has JVD and a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. What is the tx?
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Treat existing heart failure and replace the tricuspid valve
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What is the diagnostic test you should perform if you suspect someone has hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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echocardiogram***
shows a thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction |
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What is pulsus paradoxus?
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a decrease in systolic BP of >10mmHg with inspiration
seen with cardiac tamponade |
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What is the classic ECG finding for pericarditis?
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low-voltage diffuse ST segment elevation
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What is the definition of hypertension?
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BP>140/90 on 3 seperate occasions 2 wks apart
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What are 8 surgical correctable causes of hypertension?
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renal a stenosis
coarctation of the aorta pheochromocytoma conn's syndrome cushing's syndrome unilateral renal parenchymal disease hyperthyroidism hyperparathyroidism |
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what test should you order if you suspect a person has a pusatile abdominal mass and bruit?
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abdominal ultrasound and CT
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You have a person who you just found has an abdominal aneurym. What size must it be for surgical repair?
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>5.5cm
rapidly enlarging symptomatic ruptured |
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WHat is the tx for acute coronary syndrome?
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ASA
heparin clopidogrel morphine oxygen sublingual nitro IV beta blockers |
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What is metabolic syndrome?
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abdominal obesity
high triglycerides low HDL hypertension insulin resistance prothrombic or proinflammatory states |
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What is the target level LDL for a pt with diabetes?
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<70 mg/dL
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What are the signs of active ischemia during stress test?
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angina
ST-segment changes on EKG decreased BP |
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What ECG findings are suggestive of MI?
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ST-segment elevation
ST segment depression means ischemia flattened T-waves Q-waves |
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What coronary arteries are effected with:
1. anterior wall 2. inferior wall 3. posterior 4. septum |
1. anterior (LAD or diagonal)
2. inferior (PDA) 3. posterior (left circumflex, oblique, RCA, marginal) 4. septum (LAD/diagonal) |
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A young pt with angina at rest and ST segment elevation with nl cardiac enzymes is what?
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prinzmetal angina
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What is the Dx test for a PE?
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spiral CT with contrast
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What reverses the effects of heparin?
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protamine
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