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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Family |
A social institution consisting of a group of people who are related by kinship ties. |
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Kinship Ties |
Relations of blood, marriage/civil partnership or adoption. |
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Household |
One person living alone or a group of people who live at the same address and share living arrangements. |
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Monogamy |
A marriage in which a person can only be legally married to one partner at a time. (Europe, USA, Christian cultures) |
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Serial Monogamy |
A series of monogamous marriage with high divorce and remarriage rates. (Europe, USA) |
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Arranged Marriage |
Marriages arranged by parents to match children with partners of a similar background/status. (Indian subcontinent, Muslim/Sikh/Hindu minority ethnic groups in Britain) |
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Civil Partnership |
Legal recognition to relationships of same sex couples giving them equal rights to married couples. |
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Polygamy |
Marriage to more than one partner at the same time. |
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Polygyny |
One husband and two or more wives. (Islamic countries e.g. Egypt, Saudi Arabia) |
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Polyandry |
One wife and two or more husbands. (Tibet, Todas of Southern India and the Marquesan Islanders) |
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Nuclear Family |
Two generations of parents and children living in the same household. |
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Extended Family |
All kin including and beyond nuclear family. |
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Classic Extended Family |
Extended family sharing the same household or living near each other. |
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Modified Extended Family |
Extended family living far apart but keeping in touch by phone, letters, email, networking websites and frequent visits. |
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Beanpole Family |
A multi generation extended family, long and thin with few Aunts/Uncles/cousins. Fewer children are born in each generation, but live longer. |
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Patriarchal Family |
Authority held by males. |
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Matriarchal Family |
Authority held by females. |
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Symmetrical Family |
Authority and household tasks shared between male and female partners. |
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Reconstituted Family |
One or both partners previously married with children of previous relationships - step family. |
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Lone Parent Family |
Lone parent with dependent family through divorce/separation or death. |
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Gay/Lesbian Family |
A same sex couple with children. |
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Single Person Household |
An individual living alone. |
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Murdock's Functions of the Family |
Sexual, Socialisation, Reproduction, Economic |
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Sexual Function of the Family |
Expressing sexuality in a socially approved context. |
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Reproduction Function of the Family |
Family provides stability for reproduction and rearing of children. |
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Socialisation Function of the Family |
Children learn socially acceptable behaviour and culture of society, building shared ideas and beliefs regarded as important to maintaining a stable society (primary socialisation of children). |
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Economic Function of the Family |
Family provides food and shelter for family members. |
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Parson's Warm Bath Theory |
Husband comes home stressed from work, needs family to sooth and relax him, providing him with a release from every day life. |
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Sexual Division of Labour |
The way jobs are divided into men's jobs and women's jobs. |
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Expressive Role |
Female role providing warmth and security for her husband, stabilizing his personality. |
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Instrumental Role |
Male role as breadwinner, causing stress and anxiety threatening to destabilize his personality. |
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Communes |
Self contained and self supporting communities. |
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Israeli Kibbutz |
Form of a commune, emphasizing collective child rearing with the community as a whole taking over the tasks of the family. |
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Patriarchy |
Male dominance in society. |
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Primary Socialisation |
Socialisation during the early years of childhood. |
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Secondary Socialisation |
Other social institutions exert an ever increasing influence on individuals, e.g. school, peer group, media. |
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Privatized Nuclear Family |
Self contained, self reliant and home centered family unit, separated and isolated from extended kin, neighbours and local community life. |
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Meritocracy |
A society where occupational status is achieved on the basis of talent, skill and educational qualifications rather than who you know or what family you were born into. |
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Structural Differentiation |
The way new, more specialised social institutions emerge to take over a range of functions that were once performed by a single institution. |
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Scapegoats |
Individuals/groups who get blamed for things that aren't their fault. |
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Privatization |
The process whereby families and households become isolated and separated from the community and wider kin, with people spending more time together in home centered activities. |
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Domestic Labour |
Unpaid housework, including cooking, cleaning, childcare and looking after the sick/elderly. |
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Dependency Culture |
A set of values or beliefs and a way of life, centered on dependence on others, particularly benefits from the welfare state. |
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Underclass |
A social group right at the bottom of the social class hierarchy, whose members are in some ways different from and cut off or excluded from the rest of society. |
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Ideological State Apparatuses |
Agencies which serve to spread the ideology and justify the power of the dominant social class. |
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Family Ideology |
Dominant set of beliefs/values/images about how families are and ought to be. |
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Stereotype |
A generalized, over simplified view of an institution or social group. |
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Cereal Packet Family |
The stereotype of the ideal family found in media and advertising - usually first time married parents and their own natural children with male breadwinner and female primarily concerned with the home and children. |
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Weaknesses of Functionalism |
-Downplaying conflict -Out of date -Ignores exploitation of women -Ignores harmful effects of the family -Loss of family functions -Existence of extended family |
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Strengths of Functionalism |
-Primary socialisation of children does occur in a family -Functions of the family are reasonable for what we expect from a 'perfect' family. -Gives the family purpose -Governments use the idea and reinforce it in society. -Simple so should be effective,. |
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Ignoring the exploitation of women |
Women's housewife responsibilities undermines position in paid employment (e.g. restricted hours) and this stress can lead to mental illnesses. |
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Harmful effects of the family |
Family members expect/demand too much from each other causing conflict. Playing down the 'dark side' of conflict (domestic violence, child abuse) |
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Existence of extended family |
Kin beyond nuclear family still play an important role in the lives of many families and maintain regular contact and mutual support. (Asian and traditional working class communities) |
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Loss of Family Functions |
Families perform more functions than in preindustrial society (health and welfare), and feminists argue the family performs an economic role due to unpaid domestic labour. |
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Being out of date |
Views on instrumental and expressive roles are old fashioned (1950s) and now both parents play both roles. |
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Downplaying Conflict |
Paints idyllic picture of nuclear families but ignores the conflicts that can arise between parents and abused children, causing emotional disturbance. |
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Why is the nuclear family a universal institution? |
According to Murdock, it appears in some form in every society. |
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Characteristics of pre industrial families |
Big families (3 generations), working productively at home with skills passed down through the generations. ASCRIBED STATUS. |
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Characteristics of industrial families |
Nuclear family (2 generations), with state institutions provided (healthcare, employment, education), working outside the home. Main functions: primary socialisation, stabilizing personalities. |
