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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Falklands War Causes |
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Long Term/ Historical causes of the war |
Argentina claimed Falkland’s as there in 1820 but Great Britain controlled them and occupied by 1833 and by 1885 there was a British community on islands. In 1892 they were acclaimed British colony. Argentina could not accept it.They believed Falklands were rightfully theirs.
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Long Term causes/ United Nation decision (1964) |
After WW II when the process of self-determination and de-colonization became Argentineans pressurized UN to consider the case of Falklands. It paid off in 1964 and Falklands were debated.Argentineans based their claim on historical papers, from Spanish colonial rule and claimed that they are not British. British claimed that they were continuously administering the islands since 1833 and most of people want to be British citizens. UN decided that Falklands should stay in British hands.
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Short Term causes/ Economic situation in both countries |
In Argentina the cruel regime had to face the economic problems. Argentina was simply a poor country, where the poverty and unemployment was on daily base. People were very unhappy with the leader. In Great Britain the situation was much better, although there was very big unemployment- 3 millions and biggest riots in 20th century in Britain- people also seemed unhappy. It can be argued that both regimes desired a war as a distraction from their domestic affairs. |
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Short Term causes/ political situation in both countries |
Since 70’s in Argentina power had military juntas, in 1981 Leopold Galtieri took control over the country and continued the oppressive leadership of his predecessors. He was under the pressure from military and society to bring the pride and stable situation tothe country.
In Britain Thatcher was considered a bad politician, she was the least popular prime minister in British history, she lacked authority even in her conservative party and she was ironically called ‘Iron Lady’. Crisis would give her opportunity to change this image. |
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Short Term causes/ military reasons |
Falklands were very strategicallyimportant for Argentina’s navy.
In November 1976 Argentina was determined to test Britain’s commitment to the Falklands. In 1977, they conducted provocative and naval maneuvers, but the British responded forcefully by sending a submarine and two frigates to south Atlantic. Policy of the British towards Falklands were confusing, on the one hand they were defending the islands onthe other they were giving signs that they would not be willing to protect them, as for instance selling 1/3 of their S. Atlantic fleet. |
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Immidiate cause of the war/ Argentine invasion |
On 2 April Argentines began their attack on the capital of Falklands.
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Practices of the war |
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Technology used in the air |
Sea Harriers- new, not tested in combat British planes which were superior in the battles, they had a great ability to take off the land vertically. Sidewinders- air to air heat seeking British missiles which were highly effective, often launched in Sea Harriers. Victor plane- amazingly useful British plane, which could tank the planes in the air. Very useful for British that could fight longer in the air even though they were fighting far away from home. Super Etendard- main Argentinean plane, fast effective but worst than Sea Harrier, French production |
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Technology used at sea |
Exocet missile- the most well known Argentinean missile in the war. Amazingly effective, hard to fight against as it was approaching near the sea level (radars did not see it). Destroyed two British ships |
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Technology used at land |
Night visions- useful during the Goose Green operation Walkie- Talkies- also useful during communication during Goose Green |
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What British advantages resulted in the British victory in Falklands war |
Better trained and prepared Soldiers, which were proffesionals, not conscripts. High morals of the forces Luck- sometimes they benefited from it, as for instance during the last days of land campaign, Mendez did not realize that theBritish guns were down to their last rounds of ammunition and many of theBritish did not receive any rations since 72 hours. |
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How did help from the allies contributed to the British victory? |
USA was a useful ally, although Reagan was initially hesitant, Casper Weinberg- US defense secretary, supported British. The key factor was giving British whole host of fuel, providing with missiles and giving access to the Ascension Island. It was crucial, as British were fighting far from home.
France was also important ally;French President Mitterrand wanted strong alliance against USSR so he did not want GB in trouble. France blocked further sales of Exocet to Argentina. Also they pressured other European countries to support anti- Argentine sanctions andd were important in influencing other countries to support Britain in the UN. |
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What Argentine disadvantages resulted in the British victory in Falklands war |
Army was formed from conscripts who had little experience as they served only for a year and often were from tropic regions of Argentina what was disadvantage during fights in a cold regions ofFalklands.
They lost the sympathy of the USA;Galtieri did not respond to US attempts to make a peace plan which alienatedUSA. Bad planning. The Argentines kept their best troops at home in case of Chile attack. Flawed strategies. The Argentines attacked warships instead of the weaker British vessels. Lack of allies, even though Brazil,Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia supported Argentine claims nobody accepted non-peaceful solution. Bad timing. The Argentines would have had a better chance of winning the war if the invasion had occurred after the Nott defense cuts. Weapory failings, many Argentine bombs failed to detonate what decreased British casualties. |
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Results of Falklands War |
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Overall results |
The war that lasted for just two and a half months finished in 700 Argentines and 252 British and three Falklanders death.
It challenged the idea that weaker nations would not challenge stronger nations (With nuclear power)
Highlighted the danger of miscalculating the response of other countries, governments or leaders. |
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Results for Argentina |
Galtieri removed from power within 3 days from surrender, and soon military rule was over.
Democracy, which brought RaoulAlfonsin to power who sentenced Galtieri and nine of his colleagues to the prison Carlos Escude believed that if Argentina had any chance at all of recovering the islands diplomatically before 1982, after the invasion they disappeared Argentines promised that they won’t again use force to fight for Falklands, but they will do it diplomatically Till today they believe the Falklandsare truly theirs |
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Results for Great Britain |
Strengthening of the Thatcher leadership, the parties that did not support the war in the next elections were removed and it strengthen her power even more
Wave of nationalism and renewed sense of patriotism British economy entered the phases of recovery, leading to the period of growth and prosperity Increase of British morals Many soldiers experienced PTSD, died young or became alcoholics
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Results for Falklanders |
• Population increased due to British maintaing a high military presence on the islands, one soldier to every two civilians.
• Islanders benefited from the exclusion zone in their waters, which gave them control over profitable fishing there. • New industry grew up on the islands • Their sense of security increased |
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Results for UN and USSR |
United Nations power was undermined. USSR realized they undermined Great Britain power. |
