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261 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is inductance? |
Induced voltage that is opposite to the direction of current flow. Also called counter EMF. |
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What causes opposition to the flow of applied current in an AC circuit? |
Resistance, inductive reactance, and capacitve reactance. |
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What represents capacitance in AC circuits? |
A capacitor |
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What is the function of a capacitor? |
Serves as a reservoir or storehouse for electrical charge. |
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Why should NiCad batteries and lead-acid batteries not be stored or serviced in the same area? |
Because the electrolyte of the batteries are chemically opposite of each other. The fumes from either battery will contaminate the other. |
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What does an electrical circuit consist of? |
A voltage source, a load or resistance, and a conductor. |
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What is the most important law applicable to the study of electricity? |
Ohm's law |
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What are the elements of Ohm's Law? |
Voltage, current, and resistance |
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What unit is used to measure power in DC circuits? |
Watts |
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How many watts equal a kilowatt? |
1000 watts |
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What are the 3 types of DC electrical circuits? |
Series, parallel, and series-parallel |
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What current changes occur in a DC circuit when the applied voltage is increased and the resistance remains constant? |
Current increases also |
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What could cause a NiCad battery to fail to deliver its rated capacity? |
Cell imbalance or faulty cells |
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What are the functions of most multimeters? |
They measure volts, amps, and ohms |
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What are some advantages of AC over DC? |
AC can be transmitted over long distances more readily and more economically since AC voltages are easily stepped up or down by means of transformers |
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Define "impedance" |
The total opposition to AC current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance + Inductive reactance + Capacitive reactance = Impedance |
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How many cells make up a 24V lead-acid battery? |
12 cells (2 volts each) |
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What should the specific gravity of the electrolyte in a fully charged lead-acid battery be? |
1.275 - 1.300 |
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What is the effect of temperature on specific gravity when checking a lead-acid battery? |
Battery temp. changes electrolyte density only when less than 70° F and greater than 90° F. |
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Why is a specific gravity check in a NiCad battery not acceptable to determine battery charge? |
There is no appreciable change in the specific gravity of the electrolyte during charged or discharged state. |
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How is Ohm's law expressed as an equation? |
E = I * R I = E / R R = E / I |
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What kind of info is contained in the title block of a blueprint? |
(1) A drawing number, (2) name of the part or assembly, (3) scale, (4) date, (5) name of the firm, (6) initials of the draftsman, (7) checker, (8) approving official |
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What type of lines are used to show alternate positions? Hidden views? Center of part? |
Alternate position - Phantom lines Hidden views - hidden lines Center of part - center lines |
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Why are dimensions used and how are they shown on aircraft drawings? |
Dimensions are used to show the size of an object. Dimension lines are solid with a break in the middle for insertion of measurement. |
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Define "tolerance" |
Tolerance is the sum of the plus and minus allowance figures. |
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Define "clearance" |
The dimension between two parts. |
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Where and how are aircraft drawing changes identified? |
Changes are usually listed as revisions in ruled columns either adjacent to the title block or at one corner of the drawing. |
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What is a "Bill of Material" associated with aircraft blueprints? |
A list of materials and parts necessary for the fabrication or assembly of a component or system. |
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Why are symbols used when drawing aircraft blueprints? |
Symbols are shorthand of drawing, and portray thr characteristics of a component with a minimum amount of drawing. |
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How many views may be required to determine the shape of an object when reading an aircraft drawing? |
One, two, or three-view drawings are most commonly used. |
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How may an aircraft drawing of a part be drawn to bring out pertinent details? |
Draw a detailed view at a larger scale than the principle view. |
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What are one-view drawings usually used for? |
For objects of uniform thickness, such as gaskets, shims, and plates |
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What arr schematics generally used for? |
Troubleshooting purposes |
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What is the purpose of aircraft weight and balance control? |
Safety and performance efficiency |
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How is the moment of an item of equipment obtained when computing aircraft weight and balance? |
By multiplying its weight by its longitudinal distance in inches from the datum. |
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What undesireable flight characteristic is most likely to result from exceeding the forward CG limit of an aircraft? |
It will result in a nose heavy condition thus leading to instability and difficulty im controlling the aircraft |
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The forward CG limit of an aircraft is exceeded by installation of several items of equipment in the engine compartment. How can this problem be corrected or compensated for without removing or changing the newly installed equipment? |
By adding ballast |
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Why is an empty weight CG range specified by some mamufacturers even though an aircraft is not operated at empty weight? |
Because when the empty weight CG falls within EWCG range, it is unnecessary to perform a forward or rearward weight and balance check provided standard loading and seat arrangements are in use |
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What is the datum of an aircraft and what is its function? |
An imaginary vertical plane (selected by manufacturer) from which all longitudinal measurements are taken for balance purposes |
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What is tare weight and how is it handled when making weight and balance calculations? |
It is the weight of all extra items such as jacks, chocks, etc. on the scale platform. It is subtracted from the actual measurement |
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How is the arm of an item of equipment obtained when computing aircraft weight and balance? |
The arm of each item of equipment is usually included in the TCDS; or may be obtained by measuring its longitudinal distance from the datum |
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How do you determine the empty weight and empty weight CG of an aircraft if all the weight and balance records are missing? |
The aircraft must be reweighed and a new set of weight and balance records must be computed and compiled. |
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How can you determine the effect of a new item of equipment on the aircraft weight and balance without weighing the aircraft? |
It can be determined by basic computations if the weight and balance calculations are up to date. |
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What should be done concerning fuel when weighing an aircraft for weight and balance purposes? |
There are 3 conditions the aircraft should be weighed in regards to fuel: 1. Weigh the aircraft with absolutely no fuel in tanks or lines 2. Weigh the aircraft with only residual fuel in tanks and lines 3. Weigh the aircraft with the tanks completely full |
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What is meant by (+) and (-) moment? |
Any weight removed is a (-) weight and any item added is a (+) weight. Multiplying a weight by an arm will result in a (+) moment if both signs are the same and will result in a (-) moment if signs are different. |
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What should be done with equipment normally carried in an aircraft but not permanently installed when weighing an aircraft for weight and balance purposes? |
All equipment not listed as required in the equipment list or not permanently installed should be removed. |
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What is an aircraft loading graph? |
A method used in conjunction with empty weight and EWCG data found in the weight and balance report, that allows the pilot to plot the CG for the loaded aircraft |
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What is meant by "minimum fuel" and how is it calculated for weight and balance purposes? |
Typically it is the amount of fuel needed for 30 minutes of cruise power flight in case of adverse conditions. (1/12 gallon or 1/2 lb. per METO horsepower) |
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What is meant by residual fuel and residual oil? |
Fuel and oil remaining in the tanks, lines, and engine after draining |
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What is ballast, and why is it used in aircraft? |
Any weight added or removed to obtain a desired CG |
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What are the most common leveling methods used in weight and balance procedures? |
Use of a spirit level or plum bob at the manufacturer's leveling points for longitudinal and lateral leveling |
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What is the difference between fixed wing and helicopter CG ranges? |
Helicopters have more restricted CG ranges |
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Why is an aircraft category a factor when computing weight and balance? |
Aircraft certified in both normal and utility categories must have 2 useful loads due to different gross weights |
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What type of fluid lines are generally used in aircraft plumbing? |
Metal lines and flexible hose |
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How is metal tubing classified in size? |
By outside diameter in 1/16ths of an inch and wall thickness. |
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What are the identification markings usually found on flexible hose? |
(1) hose size, (2) manufacturer, (3) date of manufacture, (4) pressure, (5) temperature limits. (Type, quarter and year of manufacture, and 5 digit manufacturer code) |
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What are the identifying features of an AN fluid lines fitting? |
AN fittings have a shoulder between the flare cone and the threads |
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What cautions must be observed when deburring the end of tubing after cutting? |
Extreme care must be take so that the wall thickness is not fractured or reduced in size |
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What are the parts of a military standard (MS) flareless-tube fitting? |
A body, sleeve, and nut |
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What are the two kinds of flares generally used in aircraft plumbing systems? |
The single flare and double flare |
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What is the principle advantage of Teflon hose? |
Has a broad operating temperature range (-65° F - +450° F) and is compatible with nearly every substance or agent used |
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How is the size of flexible hose determined? |
By inside diameter in 1/16ths of an inch |
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How do quick disconnect couplings operate? |
A coupling with two halves held together by a union nut. Each half has a valve that is open when coupled and spring loaded closed when disconnected. |
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How can you tell that a flexible hose has been installed in a twisted position? |
By the identification stripe (lay line) running along the hose length. |
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When fabricating a flexible hose, what percent of the total length must be allowed for freedom of movement under pressure? |
5 - 8 percent |
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What happens to a flareless tube fitting when it is over-tightened? |
The nut drives the cutting edge of the sleeve into the tube, weakening it |
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What type of fittings should be used with alumimum alloy tubing? |
Aluminum alloy fittings |
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What type of support clamps are used to secure metal hydraulic, oil, and fuel lines? |
Bonded support clamps |
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What is the purpose of a quick-disconnect? |
A quick means to disconnect a line without the loss of fluid or entrance of air into the system |
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What is the basic difference between an AN and AC fitting? |
Sleeve length, thread pitch, and AN fittings have a shoulder between the end of the threads and the flare cone |
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What precautions should be observed when installing fittings or connecting alumimum alloy lines? |
Identify flared tube fittings, dissimilar metal, and cross threading |
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What is the purpose of a sleeve on a flared tube connection? |
The nut fits over the sleeve and when tightened down draws the sleeve and tubing flare against the male fitting to form the seal. |
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When should grommets be used in tubing installation? |
Anytime the tubing passes through an opening in the aircraft structure |
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What are the basic principles of magnetic particle inspection? |
The process consists of magnetizing a part and then applying ferromagnetic particles to the surface area to be inspected. If a discontinuity is present, the magnetic lines of force will be distributed and opposite poles will exist on either side of the discontinuity. |
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What nondestructive testing methods could be used for detecting surface cracks in aluminum fittings? |
Dye penetrant, radiography, eddy current, ultrasonic testing, and visual inspection |
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What are the principles of penetrant inspection? |
This type of inspection depends upon a penetrating liquid entering the surface opening and remaining in that opening. |
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What is the procedure for performing of a dye penetrant inspection? |
Clean the surface, apply penetrant and wait specified dwell time. Remove excess penetrant with specified cleaner, dry the part, apply developer, and inspect the part with a black light. |
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What coding systems are used by the industry to identify steel and wrought aluminum products? |
A numerical index (SAE) is used to identify chemical composition of structural steel. Wrought aluminum alloys are designated by a 4-digit index system broken into three groups. |
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What is the code system used by aluminum rivet and steel bolt manufacturers to identify AN standard parts? |
AN bolts can be identified by the code markings on the bolt heads. Aluminum rivets also have markings on the rivet head for identification. |
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How can the correct torque for a bolt be determined? |
The standard torque table should be used as a guide in tightening nuts, bolts, and screws whenever specific torque values are not called out by the manufacturer. |
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How can correct grip length of a bolt be determined? |
Generally speaking, the grip length should be equal to the thickness of the material being bolted together. |
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What may be accomplished to prevent aluminum alloy rivets from becoming hard after the quenching sequence? |
The rivets may be stored in a refrigerator @ a temp. below 32° F. |
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What is the general rule for the use of self-locking nuts? |
They may be used on certificated aircraft subject to the restrictions of the manufacturer. They are not to be used on joints which subject the nut or bolt to rotation or that will shake loose under severe vibration. |
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What is the difference between a general purpose bolt and a close tolerance bolt? |
Close tolerance bolts are machined more accurately than general purpose bolts. |
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What type of cable is commomly used in primary control systems? |
Extra flexible (7 x 19) cable. |
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What is strain hardening? |
Cold working of metal performed at temps. below the metal's critical range. |
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What width should a welding bead have and what should be the depth of penetration in a butt weld? |
The bead should be 3 to 5 times the thickness of the base metal and have 100 percent penetration. |
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What are the undesireable characteristics of a cold weld? |
A cold weld has improper penetration with rough and irregular cold laps not feathered into the base metal. |
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What are the penetration requirements for a fillet weld? |
A fillet weld should be 25 to 50 percent of the base metal. |
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What precision measuring instruments are used to measure outside dimensions? |
Outside micrometer calipers and vernier calipers |
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What should be used to make a visual inspection of a weld? |
10x power magnifying glass |
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Why should a micrometer be calibrated? |
Continually sliding objects between the anvil and spindle may wear the surfaces |
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Why is alloy steel that is responsive to heat treatment less suitable for welding? |
Because its tendency to become brittle and lose its ductility in the welded area. |
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What is the procedure for extinguishing reciprocating engine induction fires that occur during start? |
Continue cranking the engine to draw in the fire while starting procedures are maintained. If engine doesn't start and the fire continues to burn, discontinue starting and extinguish the fire |
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What procedures should be followed before starting a reciprocating engine to detect liquid locking of cylinders? |
Pull the propeller through in the direction of rotation 3 to 4 complete revolutions by hand to detect the hydraulic lock. |
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What damage is most likely to result from liquid lock? |
Sufficient force can be exerted on the crankshaft that may bend or break a connecting rod. |
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What methods should be used to aid reciprocating engine starts in cold weather? |
Use of pre-heat and oil dilution as needed; proper mixture and priming procedures recommended by the manufacturer. |
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Describe the system used by aircraft fuel suppliers to designate rating of aviation gasoline. |
Aviation fuel has 2 scales to designate grade; Ex: 91/96 or 100/130. The lower number designates the lean mixture rating and the higher number designates the rich mixture rating |
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What information must be located adjacent to fuel filler opening in a recip engine? |
(1) The word "AVGAS" (2) Minimum fuel grade |
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What information must be located adjacent to fuel filler opening in a turbine engine? |
(1) The words "JET FUEL" (2) The permissible fuel designations or reference to the Aircraft Flight Manual for permissible designations |
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What information must be located adjacent to the oil filler opening? |
(1) The word "OIL" (2) The permissible oil designations or reference to Aircraft Flight Manual for permissible designations |
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What are the results of using avgas in a turbime engine? |
A limited operation may be allowed by the manufacturer. Additives in the gasoline could develop deposits on turbine blades and vanes which may cause a loss in engine efficiency, reduced service life, and possible engine damage. |
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What would be the result of operating an engine with a lower grade of gasoline than specified? |
Loss of engine power and efficiency. Also the probabilty of the engine overheating, detonation, and engine damage |
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What are the safety procedures when hand propping a small aircraft? |
Fuel "ON"; Mags "OFF"; throttle closed; brakes on. The word "CONTACT" is called by the person swinging the prop and is called back by the operator in the cockpit. Be sure the ground is firm and do not lean into the propeller arc. |
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What are the results of using aviation gas that has been contaminated with jet fuel in a recip engine? |
Aviation gasoline contaminated with turbine fuel is unsafe for use in reciorocating engines and could cause engine damage or failure. |
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What are the physical and safety requirements for starting and running a powerplant? |
Use proper starting checklist; position aircraft into wind; secure external power cart; use a fireguard |
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What type of knots should be used when using rope to secure light aircraft? |
Anti-slip knots. Ex: Bowline knot |
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When towing an aircraft with a tow-tractor, what brakes are used when the aircraft is to be stopped? |
When the aircraft is stopped, do not rely upon the brakes of the tug alone to stop the aircraft. The person in the cockpit should coordinate the use of aircraft brakes with those of the towing vehicle. |
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Why should mechanics know standard light signals? |
Standard light signals may be used for taxi control when taxiing aircraft |
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Where are aircraft taxi hand signals published? |
FAA Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) |
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When refueling aircraft, what precautions should be taken? |
Use correct fuel; proper grounding of aircraft and refueling unit; protection of aircraft surface from hose or nozzle damage and fuel spillage hazard |
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When and why is pre-oiling of a recip engine necessary? |
Before starting a new engine or an engine that has been preserved for storage, to provide adequate lubrication on initial start |
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What is meant by the term "Hot Start" when starting and aircraft turbine engine? |
When the engine starts and the engine operating temperature (EGT) exceeds specified limits |
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May automotive gasoline be used in an aircraft engine? |
Only if FAA approved (such as STC). The TCDS should be checked for limitations. |
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How do you determine the presence of water im aircraft fuel when draining fuel sumps? |
Using a clear, clean container, the water will appear as droplets or "slugs" on the bottom of the container |
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What are the causes of corrosion? |
Environmental conditions, type of metal, protective coating, and presence of foreign materials |
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What are some forms of corrosion? |
Surface, dissimilar metal, intergranular, stress, and fretting. |
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What is corrosion preventative maintenance? |
Cleaning, lubrication, inspection, treatment, sealing, protective covers, and drain holes. |
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What areas are most prone to corrosion? |
Exhaust trails, battery compartments, wheel wells and landing gear, wing recesses, and other places where water can be entrapped |
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What are the basic steps of corrosion removal and treatment? |
Clean the area; remove corrosion; neutralize the area; restore protective surface. |
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What are the proper tools for removing corrosion from anodized aluminum surfaces? |
Aluminum wool, aluminum wire brushes, non-metallic bristle brushes |
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What general precautions should be used when pressure washing an aircraft? |
Avoid or protect areas that may be damaged or contaminated such as; pitot and static ports, bearings, hinges, sealed areas, and painted surfaces |
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What are some types of light duty cleaning agents? |
Soap and synthetic detergents |
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What are some types of heavy duty cleaning agents? |
Solvents and emulsions |
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What type of aircraft parts are suspectible to stress corrosion? |
Aluminum alloy bell cranks with press in bushings, landing gear shock struts with pipe-thread grease fittings, clevis pin joints, shrink fits, and overstressed b nuts. It is a combined effect of sustain tensile stress in a corrosive area. (Is found in most metal systems, but is particularly characteristic of aluminum, copper, and stainless steels) |
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How may filiform corrosion be recognized? |
Blistered paint surface and fern-like pattern under paint |
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What type of agent is preferred for cleaning plastic surfaces? |
Soap and water |
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Why should aluminum metal polish not be used on anodized aluminum surfaces? |
Because it will remove the oxide coating |
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What is the most common product used for external washdown of aircraft engines? |
Stoddard solvent |
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Why should only recommended cleaners be used on aircraft fabrics or plastics? |
Their use causes less deterioration effects |
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What is the principle cause of filiform corrosion? |
Improper surface preparation for painting |
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Why is the aircraft cleaned before inspection? |
It enables the mechanic to properly inspect the aircraft |
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How may fretting corrosion be identified? |
Pitting of mating surfaces and black smoky residue |
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What is the root of a number? |
Is one of two or more equal numbers that, when multiplied together, will produce that number |
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What is the square of a number or example of a square number? |
A number multipled by itself. |
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How may the difficulty of performing mathematical problems with very large numbers be solved? |
The use of powers of 10 |
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When using powers of 10 how may 1000000 be defined? |
10 to the 6th power |
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How do you find the area of a rectangle? |
A=L × W |
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How do you find the area of a circle? |
A=pi × r² |
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What is pi? |
A given constant, 3.14159. It is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter |
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What is a trapezoid? |
A quadrilateral with 2 parallel sides |
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Name at least 2 ways a ratio may be expressed. |
As a fraction or with a colon |
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What is a proportion? |
A statement of equality between 2 or more ratios |
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How do you express a decimal as a percent? |
Move the decimal point to places to the right. Or multiply the decimal by 100 |
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What is the sum of a large positive number and a small negative number? |
A positive number |
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Where is a 100 hr. inspection recorded? |
In the maintenance records or logbooks of that equipment |
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Who makes the final maintenance record entry after a 100 hour inspection is completed? |
The person approving the aircraft return to service |
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What entry is required in the aircraft records after maintenance has been performed? |
A description of work, date of completion, name of mechanic, signature of person approving for return to service, certificate number, type of certificate held. |
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In addition to maintenance records, where should a description of major alteration be recorded? |
FAA Form 337 |
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How long must a 100 hour inspection be retained by the aircraft owner? |
Until work has been repeated or superceded, or for 1 year after inspection |
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What disposition does the regulation require of aircraft records containing the current status of ADs when an aircraft is sold? |
The seller shall transfer the records to the purchaser at the time of sale |
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Who may rebuild an aircraft engine and grant it zero operating time? |
The engine manufacturer or agency approved by the manufacturer |
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Where may a mechanic find an example of a 100 hour inspection maintenance record entry? |
FAR 43.11 |
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What is the distribution of FAA 337 form after it is completed? |
One signed copy of the form to the owner and a copy of that form to the FAA |
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When a required inspection of an aircraft is performed and defects are found which render the aircraft unairworthy, what maintenance record entries must be made? |
A logbook entry for the inspection and a list of discrepencies/defects provided to the owner |
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Explain what time-in-service is in regard to maintenance record entries. |
Time in service means time from the moment an aircraft leaves the surface of the earth until it lands |
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What regulation authorizes a certificated mechanic with inspection authorization to approve or disapprove a major repair or major alteration? |
FAR 65.95 |
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What could be the penalty for any person who makes or causes to be made a fraudulent or intentional false entry in any record or report that is required to be kept? |
The suspension or revocation of the applicable airmen certificate(s) |
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Who may make a maintenance record entry for approval of return to service after a progressive inspection is performed, when the aircraft is away from home base? |
(1) Applicable certificated mechanic; (2) appropriately rated repair station; (3) aircraft manufacturer |
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Differentiate between the terms overhaul and rebuilding as it pertains to aircraft engine maintenance records. |
Overhauled engines must be tested to approved current standards (serviceable) and technical data. Rebuilt engines must be tested to same tolerances and limits as a new item, using new or old parts that conform to new part tolerances and limits |
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When is the aircraft maintenance entry required to contain the aircraft total time? |
When it is an inspection record entry |
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What 5 documents are required to be in the aircraft durimg flight operations? |
ARROW (1) airworthiness certificate; (2) registration certificate; (3) Radio Station license; (4) Operating limitations; (5) Weight and balance data |
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What is the minimum scope and detail that the checklist must contain when performing a 100 hour inspection? |
The items listed in FAR 43 appendix D |
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What systems on a rotorcraft are required to be inspected in accordance with the maintenance manual or instructions for continued airworthiness of the manufacturer concerned when performing the inspection required by FAR part 91? |
(1) the drive shafts or similar systems; (2) the main rotor transmission gearbox for obvious defects; (3) the main rotor and center section; (4) the auxiliary rotor |
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Name 2 ways to identify serviceable parts and accessories prior to installation on an aircraft or engine? |
Entry in the maintenance record of that equipment consisting of serviceable tags, PMA tags, maintenance release or 337 forms |
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What is the condition called when the heat energy of a given gas sample is reduced until motion of the molecules would cease entirely? |
Absolute zero |
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What is the atmospheric pressure on a standard day at sea level? |
14.7 psi 29.92 in. Hg 1013.2 Millibars 760 mm Hg 406.8 in. water |
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What is kinetic energy? |
Energy due to motion |
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What is a BTU? |
British thermal unit - the amount of heat required to change the temperature of one pound of water 1° F. |
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What are the 3 methods of heat transfer? |
Conduction, convection, radiation |
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What is the definition of friction? |
Resistance to motion |
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What are the 2 factors involved in work? |
Work = Force × distance |
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What are the basic parts of all levers? |
Fulcrum, force/effort, and resistance |
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What are the 6 simple machines? |
the lever, the pulley, the wheel and axle, the inclined plane, the screw, and the gear |
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What 2 basic principles in machines are recognized by physicists? |
the lever and the inclined plane |
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What type of lever is a wheelbarrow? |
a second class lever |
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What is standard day temperature in degrees fahrenheit? |
59° F |
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What factors determine density altitude? |
Pressure and temperature |
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What is the term used to describe the ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in the atmosphere as compared when the air is saturated with water vapor? |
Relative humidity |
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What direction is pressure transmitted when force is applied to a confined fluid? |
Equally in all directions |
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How is pressure expressed in hydraulics and pneumatics? |
pounds per square inch (psi) |
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What is the basic formula for computing force, given pressure and area? |
Force = Pressure × area |
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Are liquids compressible? |
No |
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What is matter? |
Any substance that takes up space and has weight |
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What are the 3 states of matter? |
Solids, liquids, and gases |
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What is the approximate speed of sound on a standard day @ sea level? |
761 mph |
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What FAA publication has a list of engines approved for use in a specific model of aircraft? |
TCDS and/or FAA aircraft specifications |
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When must a manufacturer's service bulletin be complied with? |
When it is required by ADs or is listed in the FAA aircraft TCDS |
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What manual must be used for reference in aircraft maintenance? |
The current aircraft maintenance manual and/or instructions for continued airworthiness provided by the manufacturer |
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How can you find out if an aircraft can be certificated in more than one category? |
TCDS |
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What is the purpose of ADs? |
Correction of an unsafe condition found in aircraft, engines, propellers, or appliances |
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What FAA publication is used to notify aircraft owners of unsafe conditions that must be corrected? |
Airworthiness Directives |
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When must ADs be complied with? |
As stated in the compliance section of the AD |
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What publication is used by aircraft manufacturers to notify aircraft owners of design defects and product improvements? |
Service bulletins, service letters, and service instructions |
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What current publication would be referred to in order to detetmine the dimensional serviceability of a specific engine part? |
Manufacturer's overhaul manual |
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What publication will list the FARs under which a specific aircraft is certificated? |
TCDS |
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What FAR prescribes the requirements for the issuance of type certificates? |
FAR part 21 |
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What FAR is applicable to the issuance of a type certificate for a small recip engine powered aircraft? |
The FARs listed in the TCDS |
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Where are the airworthiness standards for transport category aircraft located? |
FAR part 25 |
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What are advisory circulars? |
Nonregulatory material of interest to the aviation public |
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When is the summary of ADs published? |
Every other year a summary is published with biweekly updated |
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Are ADs automatically issued to certified mechanics? |
No. |
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How would you determine that the maintenance manual being used is current? |
Contact the manufacturer |
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On older aircraft for which manuals are not available, what publications could be used to. inspect and maintain these aircraft? |
AC 43.13-1B |
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What must be used as a guide by a mechanic if he elects to design his own checklist for a 100 hour/annual inspection? |
FAR 43 appendix D |
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How can a mechanic determine if the repair of a damaged wing is major or minor? |
FAR 43 appendix A |
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What FAR prescribes the certification requirements for a mechanic? |
FAR 65 |
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What are the recency of experience requirements for a mechanic? |
Worked for at least 6 months within the preceding 24 months under privileges of the mechanic certificate or with FAA approval |
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What is the change of address requirement for mechanics? |
Notify the FAA in writing, within 30 days |
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What type of work may a certificated mechanic accomplish on aircraft? |
Perform or supervise maintenance, preventative maintenance, or alterations |
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What is the mechanic privilege limitation associated with propellers? |
A mechanic may not supervise or perform major repairs or major alterations of propellers. He may check for nicks, dings, condition of propeller and may remove and install. He may also check blade track |
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What is the mechanic privilege limitation associated with instruments? |
A mechanic may not perform or supervise any repair to or alteration of instruments. He may inspect for condition and remove and replace. |
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What may a mechanic approve for return to service? |
The holder of a mechanic certificate may approve an aircraft, airframe, engines, propeller, or appliance for return to service as provided by FAR 65. |
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What may a mechanic use as a guide for determining whether a repair is major or minor? |
FAR 43 appendix A |
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What privileges are allowed an airframe mechanic in addition to performing maintenance? |
Approve and return to service, an airframe following a minor repair or minor alteration and 100 hour inspections |
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May an airframe mechanic perform maintenance on engines? |
No, unless under the supervision of a mechanic with a powerplant rating |
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What may be used as a guide for 100 hour inspection? |
FAR 43 appendix D |
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What is the duration of a mechanics certificate? |
It is effective until surrendered, suspended, or revoked |
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How long is a temporary certificate in effect? |
120 days (unless otherwise specified by the FAA) |
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When may a person apply for a mechanic certificate after revocation of his/her certificate? |
After 1 year unless the order of revocation states otherwise |
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What must a mechanic do if a temporary certificate is older than 120 days? |
Report to an FAA office for instructions |
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What privileges are allowed a powerplant mechanic in addition to performing maintenance? |
Perform and approve for return to service, minor repairs and minor alterations, and powerplant 100 hour inspections. |
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What maintenance can a pilot perform and what are the limitations? |
A pilot may perform preventative maintenance on his/her own aircraft not used in air carrier service |
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When may a mechanic perform an annual inspection? |
When the mechanic holds an inspectors authorization |
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Upon request, to whom must a mechanic present his/her mechanic certificate for inspection? |
FAA, NTSB, or any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer |
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What ratings are issues under a mechanics certificate? |
Airframe and powerplant ratings |
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What constitutes a capacitor? |
2 conductors seperated by an insulator |
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Does a capacitor in an AC circuit cause the current to lead or lag the voltage? |
Current leads voltage in a capacitive circuit |
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Why should electrolytic capacitors not be used in an AC circuit? |
They are polarized. An electrolytic capacitor will pass current of one polarity, but will block current of the opposite |
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What is the basic unit of inductance? |
The henry |
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What is an example of an inductor used in a magneto? |
The coil |
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Does an inductor in an AC circuit cause current to lead or lag voltage? |
Current lags behind voltage in an inductive circuit |
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Im what unit is impedance measured? |
Ohms |
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What are the 5 sources of electrical energy? |
Magnetism, chemical energy, light, heat and pressure |
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What is the relationship between mechanical and electrical power? |
1 horsepower = 746 watts |
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What is meant by true power in an AC circuit and what is it expressed in? |
The product of the circuit voltage and the current that is in phase with this voltage. Expressed in watts |
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What is meant by apparent power in an AC circuit and how is it expressed? |
The product of circuit voltage and the circuit current. Expressed in volt-amps |
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What is meant by reactive power in an AC circuit and how is it expressed? |
The power consumed in the inductive and capacitive reactance. Expressed in volt-amps reactive (VAR) or kilovolt-amps reactive (KVAR) |
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What is meant by power factor in an AC circuit? |
The ratio of true power to apparent power |
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What four factors affect the resistance of an electrical conductor? |
The material, the cross-sectional area, the length, and the temperature |
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What 2 things happen when current flows through a conductor? |
Heat is generated and a magnetic field surrounds the conductor |
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How do you treat a lead-acid battery compartment to protect it from corrosion? |
Paint it with a tar based paint or a polyurethane enamel |
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What is used to neutralize spilled electrolyte from a lead acid battery? |
A solution of bicarbonate of soda and water (Baking soda and water solution) |
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How high should the electrolyte level be in a properly serviced lead acid battery? |
Only up to the level of the indicator in the cell |
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What gases are released when a lead acid battery is being charged? |
Hydrogen and oxygen |
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What is the electrolyte used in a NiCad battery? |
Potassium hydroxide and water |
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What electrolyte is used in a lead acid battery? |
A mix of sulfuric acid and water |
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What is a result of cell imbalance in NiCad batteries? |
The low internal resistance allows current to. flow between the unbalanced cells and generate heat |
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What is thermal runaway? |
The large current flow allowed by low internal resistance causes the middle cells to produce more heat than they can dissipate. The heat further lowers the internal resistance so more current can flow; this continues until the battery destroys itself |
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How may thermal runaway be prevented? |
By carefully monitoring the temperature of the middle cells and controlling the charging current to prevent an excess of current flowing into the battery |
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How is it possible to know when a NiCad battery is fully charged? |
Completely discharge the battery and give it a constant current charge to 140% of its ampere-hour capacity. |
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What is used to neutralize spilled electrolyte from a NiCad battery? |
A solution of boric acid and water or vinegar |
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What is a butt line? |
A reference line to the left or right of the centerline of the aircraft |
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What is a detail drawing? |
A drawing that includes all the info needed to fabricate a part |
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What is an assembly drawing? |
Is a description of an object made up of 2 or more parts. |
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What is an installation drawing? |
A drawing which includes all necessary info for a part or an assembly in the final installed position in the aircraft |
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What are the 4 steps in making a sketch? |
(1) Block in the space and basic shape used for the sketch (2) Add details to the basic block (3) Darken lines that show up as visible lines in the finished sketch (4) Add dimensions and any other info that will make the sketch more usable |
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What is included in the empty weight of an aircraft? |
Weight of the airframe, engines, and all items of operating equipment that have fixed locations and are permanently installed in the aircraft. Empty weight includes optional and special equipment, fixed ballast, hydraulic fluid, and residual fuel and oil |
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Where is the center of gravity for most airplanes usually located in relation to the center of lift? |
The CG is normally ahead of the center of lift |
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What is meant by moment index? |
A moment divided by a constant |
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What is the useful load consisted of? |
Fuel, any other fluids not part of the empty weight, passengers, baggage, pilot, copilot, and crewmembers. |
