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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when: fertilization by sperm, embryogenesis starts
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day 1
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when: implantation as a blastocyst
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during week 1
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when: bilaminar disk
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during week 2
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when: gastrulation
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during week 3
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when: primitive streak, notochord and neural plate start to form
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during week 3
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when: neural tube formed, organogenesis, and high risk to teratogens
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weeks 3-8
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when: heart beats, upper and lower limb buds start forming
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week 4
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when: genitalia have male/female characteristics
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week 10
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what's the right order?
blastocyst, morula, gastrula...? |
morula: ball of cells
blastocyst: hollow gastrulation: infolding |
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what development happens right over the notochord?
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neural plate
-> neural crest -> neural tube |
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surface ectoderm ->
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ALEE
Adenohypophysis Lens of eye Epithelial linings Epidermis |
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neuroectoderm ->
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PONCA
Pineal gland Oligodendrocytes Neurohypophysis CNS neurons Astrocytes |
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neural crest cells ->
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CPADS CLO CEM
Celiac gangion Pia ANS DRG (dorsal root ganglion) Schwann cells C cells of thyroid Laryngeal cartilage Odontoblasts Chromaffin cells (adrenal medulla) Enterochromaffin cells Melanocytes |
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mesoderm ->
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Serous linings of body cavities (eg. peritoneal)
Dura connective tissue Muscle Bone CV structures Lymphatics Blood Spleen Urogenital structures Adrenal cortex |
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endoderm ->
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Gut tube epithelium and derivatives:
Lungs Liver Pancreas Thymus Thyroid Parathyroid |
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notochord ->
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induces ectoderm to form neuroectoderm (ie. neural plate)
only postnatal derivative is the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disk |
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what is the rule of 2's for the 2nd week?
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2 germ layers
2 cavities: amniotic cavity, yolk sac 2 placenta components: cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast |
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what is the rule of 3's for the 3rd week?
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3 germ layers (gastrula):
ectoderm mesoderm endoderm |
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how is the primitive streak formed? what is developed from the primitive streak?
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epiblast (ectoderm precursor) invaginates to form the primitive streak
primitive streak becomes the intraembryonic mesoderm and endoderm |
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teratogen: ACE inhibitor
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renal damage
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teratogen: cocaine
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abnormal fetal development and fetal addiction
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teratogen: DES
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vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma
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teratogen: iodide
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congenital goiter or hypothyroidism
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teratogen: 13-cis-retinoic acid
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extremely high risk for birth defects
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teratogen: thalidomide
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limb defects ("flipper" limbs)
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teratogen: warfarin, x-rays
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multiple anomalies
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monozygotic twins
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2 amniotic sacs
1 chorion 1 placenta |
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dizygotic (fraternal)
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2 amniotic sacs
2 chorions 2 placentas sometimes the monozygote can present this way |
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order of fetal hematopoiesis?
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1. Yolk sac (3-8 wks)
2. Liver (6-30 wks) 3. Spleen (9-28 wks) 4. Bone marrow (28- wks) Young Liver Synthesizes Blood |
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what are the structures in the umbilical cord?
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2 arteries
1 vein 1 alantoic duct Wharton's jelly amniotic epithelium (if there's only 1 artery, there are congenital and chromosomal anomalies) |
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truncus arteriosus becomes...
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ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
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bulbus cordis becomes...
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smooth parts of left and right ventricle
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primitive ventricle becomes..
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trabeculated parts of L and R ventricle
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primitive atria become...
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trabeculated L and R atrium
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L horn of sinus venosus becomes...
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coronary sinus
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R horn of sinus venosus becomes...
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smooth part of R atrium
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R common cardinal vein and R anterior cardinal vein become...
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superior vena cava
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how saturated is blood in umbilical vein?
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~80%
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how does blood get to fetal heart and then where does it go?
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umbilical vein
ductus venosus IVC most goes through foramen ovale aorta head circulation |
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how does the deoxygenated blood from the SVC travel?
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SVC
RA RV pulm artery ductus arteriosus descending aorta umbilical arteries |
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at birth, increased oxygen at the ductus arteriosus causes what to happen?
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inhibit prostaglanding release and the ductus closes
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1st aortic arch derivative...
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part of MAXillary artery
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2nd aortic arch derivative...
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Stapedial artery and hyoid artery
Stapedial is Second |
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3rd aortic arch derivative...
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Common Carotid and proximal part of internal Carotid
C is third letter of alphabet |
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4th aortic arch derivative...(L and R sides!)
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L: aortic arch
R: proximal part of subclavian artery 4th -> 4 limbs (systemic circ) |
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6th aortic arch derivative...
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proximal part of pulm arteries and the ductus arteriosus (on L)
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umbilical vein becomes...
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ligamentum teres hepatis
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umbilical arteries become...
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medial umbilical ligaments
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ductus arteriosus becomes...
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ligamentum arteriosum
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ductus venosus becomes...
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ligamentum venosum
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foramen ovale becomes...
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fossa ovalis
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allaNtois becomes...
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urachus or mediaN umbilical ligament
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notochord becomes...
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nucleus pulposus
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branchial apparatus: what are the origins of the clefts, arches and pouches?
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CAP
C: Cleft -> ectoderm A: Arch -> mesoderm and neural crests P: Pouch -> endoderm |
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does arch 5 make any major developmental contributions?
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NO
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branchial arch 1 derivatives?
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Meckel's cartilage: Mandible, Malleus, incus, sphenoMandibular ligament
Muscles: Muscles of Mastication (temporalis, Masseter, lateral and Medial pterygoids), Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatani Nerve: CN V3 |
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branchial arch 2 derivatives?
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Reichert's cartilage: Stapes, Styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, Stylohyoid ligament
Muscles: muscles of facial expression, Stapedius, Stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric Nerve: VII |
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branchial arch 3 derivatives?
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cartilage: greater horn of hyoid
Muscle: stylopharyngeus Nerve: CN IX glossoPHARYNGEAL nerve supplies the styloPHARYNGEUS |
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branchial arches 4 and 6 derivatives?
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Cartilage: thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform
Muscles of 4th arch: most pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatani Muscles of 6th arch: all intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid Nerve: 4th arch (CN X) and 6th arch (CN X, recurrent laryngeal branch) |
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arch 1 derivative innervation?
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CN V2 and V3
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arch 2 innervation?
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CN VII
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arch 3 innervation?
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CN IX
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arch 4 and 6 innervation?
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CN X
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1st brachial cleft develops into...
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external auditory meatus
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2nd through 4th clefts develop into...
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temporary cervical sinuses which are obliterated by 2nd arch mesenchyme
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what can a persistent cervical sinus lead to?
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branchial cyst in the neck
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anterior 2/3 of tongue is formed by what branchial arch? innervation?
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1st arch
sensation: V3 taste: VII |
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posterior 1/3 of tongue is formed by what branchial arch? innervation?
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3rd and 4th arches
sensation and taste mostly: IX extreme posterior: X |
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motor innervation of the tongue?
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XII
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what 3 nerves contribute to tongues ability to taste?
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VII, IX, X (solitary nucleus)
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