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421 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
"Bamboo spine" on x-ray -- CF
|
Ankylosing spondylitis
|
|
"Blue bloater" -- CF
|
Chronic bronchitis
|
|
"Brown tumor" of bone -- CF
|
Hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts: 1. Hyperparathyroidism; 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
|
|
"Chocolate cysts" -- CF
|
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
|
|
"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence -- CF
|
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
|
"Machine-like" murmur -- MF cause
|
PDA
|
|
"Orphan Annie" nuclei -- CF
|
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
|
|
"Pink puffer" -- CF
|
Emphysema (centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency])
|
|
"Smudge cell" -- CF
|
CLL
|
|
"Strawberry tongue" -- CF
|
Scarlet fever
|
|
"Tram-track" appearance on LM -- CF
|
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
|
|
"Wire loop" appearance on LM -- CF
|
Lupus nephropathy
|
|
"Worst headache of my life" -- CF
|
Berry aneurysm--associated with adult polycystic kidney disease
|
|
Actinic keratosis -- CF
|
Often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
Addison's -- MF cause
|
Autoimmune (infection is the 2nd most common cause)
|
|
Addison's disease -- CF
|
1° adrenocortical deficiency
|
|
Albright's syndrome -- CF
|
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls
|
|
Albuminocytologic dissociation -- CF
|
Guillain-Barré (incr protein in CSF with only modest incr in cell count)
|
|
Alport's syndrome -- CF
|
Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
|
|
Aneurysm, dissecting -- MF cause
|
Hypertension
|
|
Anti-basement membrane antibodies -- CF
|
Goodpasture's syndrome
|
|
Anticentromere antibodies -- CF
|
Scleroderma (CREST)
|
|
Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies) -- CF
|
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
|
|
Anti-epithelial cell antibodies -- CF
|
Pemphigus vulgaris
|
|
Antigliadin antibodies -- CF
|
Celiac disease
|
|
Antihistone antibodies -- CF
|
Drug-induced SLE
|
|
Anti-IgG antibodies -- CF
|
Rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
Antimitochondrial antibodies -- CF
|
1° biliary cirrhosis
|
|
Antineutrophil antibodies -- CF
|
Vasculitis
|
|
Antiplatelet antibodies -- CF
|
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
|
|
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta -- MF cause
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Aortic aneurysm, ascending -- MF cause
|
3° syphilis
|
|
Arachnodactyly -- CF
|
Marfan's syndrome
|
|
Argyll Robertson pupil -- CF
|
Neurosyphilis
|
|
Arnold-Chiari malformation -- CF
|
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
|
|
Aschoff bodies -- CF
|
Rheumatic fever
|
|
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies -- CF
|
Wernicke's encephalopathy
|
|
Auer rods -- CF
|
Acute myelogenous leukemia (especially the promyelocytic type)
|
|
Autosplenectomy -- CF
|
Sickle cell anemia
|
|
Babinski's sign -- CF
|
UMN lesion
|
|
Bacteremia/pneumonia (IVDA) -- MC
|
S. aureus
|
|
Bacteria associated with cancer -- MC
|
H. pylori
|
|
Bacteria found in GI tract -- MC
|
Bacteroides (2nd most common is E. coli )
|
|
Bacterial meningitis (adults) -- MF cause
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
Bacterial meningitis (elderly) -- MF cause
|
S. pneumoniae
|
|
Bacterial meningitis (kids) -- MF cause
|
S. pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
Bacterial meningitis (newborns) -- MF cause
|
Group B streptococcus
|
|
Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa -- CF
|
Rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
Bartter's syndrome -- CF
|
Hyperreninemia
|
|
Basophilic stippling of RBCs -- CF
|
Lead poisoning
|
|
Becker's muscular dystrophy -- CF
|
Defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's
|
|
Bell's palsy -- CF
|
LMN CN VII palsy
|
|
Bence Jones proteins -- CF
|
Multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
|
|
Berger's disease -- CF
|
IgA nephropathy
|
|
Bernard-Soulier disease -- CF
|
Defect in platelet adhesion
|
|
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis -- CF
|
Sarcoidosis
|
|
Birbeck granules on EM -- CF
|
Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
|
|
Bloody tap on LP -- CF
|
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
Blue sclera -- CF
|
Osteogenesis imperfecta
|
|
Blue-domed cysts -- CF
|
Fibrocystic change of the breast
|
|
Boot-shaped heart on x-ray -- CF
|
Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH
|
|
Bouchard's nodes -- CF
|
Osteoarthritis (PIP swelling 2° to osteophytes)
|
|
Boutonnière deformity -- CF
|
Rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
Brain tumor (adults) -- MC
|
Mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
|
|
Brain tumor (kids) -- MC
|
Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
|
|
Brain tumor--supratentorial (kids) -- MC
|
Craniopharyngioma
|
|
Branching rods in oral infection -- CF
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
|
Breast cancer -- MC
|
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the United States, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
|
|
Breast mass -- MC
|
Fibrocystic change (in postmenopausal women, carcinoma is the most common)
|
|
Breast tumor (benign) -- MC
|
Fibroadenoma
|
|
Bruton's disease -- CF
|
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
|
|
Budd-Chiari syndrome -- CF
|
Posthepatic venous thrombosis
|
|
Buerger's disease -- CF
|
Small/medium-artery vasculitis
|
|
Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient -- MC
|
Klebsiella
|
|
Burkitt's lymphoma -- CF
|
t8:14; associated with EBV; "starry sky" appearance on histology
|
|
Burton's lines -- CF
|
Lead poisoning
|
|
Café-au-lait spots on skin -- CF
|
Neurofibromatosis
|
|
Caisson disease -- CF
|
Gas emboli
|
|
Calf pseudohypertrophy -- CF
|
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
|
|
Call-Exner bodies -- CF
|
Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
|
|
c-ANCA, p-ANCA -- CF
|
Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis
|
|
Cancer associated with AIDS -- MF cause
|
Kaposi's sarcoma
|
|
Cardiac 1° tumor (adults) -- MC
|
Myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve")
|
|
Cardiac 1° tumor (kids) -- MC
|
Rhabdomyoma
|
|
Cardiac tumor (adults) -- MC
|
Mets
|
|
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy -- CF
|
Chagas' disease
|
|
Cardiomyopathy -- MC
|
Dilated cardiomyopathy
|
|
Cerebriform nuclei -- CF
|
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
|
|
Chagas' disease -- CF
|
Trypanosome infection
|
|
Chancre -- CF
|
1° syphilis (not painful)
|
|
Chancroid -- CF
|
Haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
|
|
Charcot's triad -- CF
|
Multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech), cholangitis (jaundice, RUQ pain, fever)
|
|
Charcot-Leyden crystals -- CF
|
Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
|
|
Chédiak-Higashi disease -- CF
|
Phagocyte deficiency
|
|
Cherry-red spot on macula -- CF
|
Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick disease, central retinal artery occlusion
|
|
Cheyne-Stokes -- CF
|
respirations Central apnea in CHF and incr intracranial pressure
|
|
Chromosomal disorder -- MC
|
Down syndrome (associated with ALL, Alzheimer's dementia, and endocardial cushion defects)
|
|
Chronic arrhythmia -- MC
|
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
|
|
Chronic atrophic gastritis -- CF
|
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma
|
|
Chvostek's sign -- CF
|
Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
|
|
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina -- CF
|
DES exposure in utero
|
|
Clue cells -- CF
|
Gardnerella vaginitis
|
|
Codman's triangle on x-ray -- CF
|
Osteosarcoma
|
|
Cold agglutinins -- CF
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
|
|
Cold intolerance -- CF
|
Hypothyroidism
|
|
Condylomata lata -- CF
|
2° syphilis
|
|
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia -- MF cause
|
21-hydroxylase deficiency
|
|
Congenital cardiac anomaly -- MC
|
VSD
|
|
Constrictive pericarditis -- MC
|
Tuberculosis
|
|
Continuous machinery murmur -- CF
|
Patent ductus arteriosus
|
|
Cori's disease -- CF
|
Debranching enzyme deficiency
|
|
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis -- MC
|
LAD > RCA > LCA
|
|
Cotton-wool spots -- CF
|
Chronic hypertension
|
|
Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza + fever -- CF
|
Measles
|
|
Councilman bodies -- CF
|
Toxic or viral hepatitis
|
|
Cowdry type A bodies -- CF
|
Herpes virus
|
|
Crescents in Bowman's capsule -- CF
|
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
|
|
Cretinism -- MF cause
|
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
|
|
Crigler-Najjar syndrome -- CF
|
Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
|
Curling's ulcer -- CF
|
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
|
|
Currant-jelly sputum -- CF
|
Klebsiella
|
|
Curschmann's spirals -- CF
|
Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
|
|
Cushing's syndrome -- MF cause
|
Corticosteroid therapy (2nd most common cause is excess ACTH secretion by pituitary)
|
|
Cushing's ulcer -- CF
|
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
|
|
Cyanosis (early; less common) -- MC
|
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
|
|
Cyanosis (late; more common) -- MC
|
VSD, ASD, PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
|
|
D-dimers -- CF
|
DIC
|
|
Death in CML -- MF cause
|
Blast crisis
|
|
Death in SLE -- MF cause
|
Lupus nephropathy
|
|
Dementia -- MF cause
|
Alzheimer's (2nd most common is multi-infarct)
|
|
Demyelinating disease -- MC
|
Multiple sclerosis
|
|
Depigmentation of neurons substantia nigra -- CF
|
in Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder--rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
|
|
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea -- CF
|
Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)
|
|
DIC -- MF cause
|
Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
|
|
Dietary deficit -- MC
|
Iron
|
|
Dog or cat bite -- CF
|
Pasteurella multocida
|
|
Donovan bodies -- CF
|
Granuloma inguinale
|
|
Dressler's syndrome -- CF
|
Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
|
|
Dubin-Johnson syndrome -- CF
|
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
|
|
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy -- CF
|
Deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive)
|
|
Eburnation -- CF
|
Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
|
|
Edwards' syndrome -- CF
|
Trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears, heart disease
|
|
Eisenmenger's complex -- CF
|
Late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected L -> R shunt becomes R -> L shunt)
|
|
Ejection click -- MF cause
|
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
|
|
Elastic skin -- CF
|
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
|
|
Epiglottitis -- MC
|
Haemophilus influenzae type B
|
|
Erb-Duchenne palsy -- CF
|
Superior trunk (C5-C6) brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip")
|
|
Erythema chronicum migrans -- CF
|
Lyme disease
|
|
Esophageal cancer -- MC
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
Fanconi's syndrome -- CF
|
Proximal tubular reabsorption defect
|
|
Fat, female, forty, and fertile -- CF
|
Acute cholecystitis
|
|
Fatty liver -- CF
|
Alcoholism
|
|
Ferruginous bodies -- CF
|
Asbestosis
|
|
Food poisoning -- MF cause
|
S. aureus
|
|
Gardner's syndrome -- CF
|
Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
|
|
Gaucher's disease -- CF
|
Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
|
|
Gene involved in cancer -- MC
|
p53 tumor suppressor gene
|
|
Ghon focus -- CF
|
1° TB
|
|
Gilbert's syndrome -- CF
|
Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
|
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia -- CF
|
Defect in platelet aggregation
|
|
Glomerulonephritis (adults) -- MF cause
|
IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
|
|
Goodpasture's syndrome -- CF
|
Autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
|
|
Gowers' maneuver -- CF
|
Duchenne's (use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off the floor)
|
|
Group affected by cystic fibrosis -- MC
|
Caucasians (fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, mucous plugs/lung infections)
|
|
Guillain-Barré syndrome -- CF
|
Idiopathic polyneuritis
|
|
Gynecologic malignancy -- MC
|
Endometrial carcinoma
|
|
Hair-on-end (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray -- CF
|
B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
|
|
Diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + lesions of skull -- CF
|
Hand-Schüller-christian disease
|
|
Hand-Schüller-christian disease -- CF
|
Chronic progressive histiocytosis
|
|
HbF -- CF
|
Thalassemia major
|
|
HbS -- CF
|
Sickle cell anemia
|
|
hCG elevated -- CF
|
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
|
|
Heart murmur -- MC
|
Mitral valve prolapse
|
|
Heart valve (rheumatic fever) -- MC
|
Mitral valve (aortic is 2nd)
|
|
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis -- MC
|
Mitral
|
|
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA -- MC
|
Tricuspid
|
|
Heberden's nodes -- CF
|
Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling 2° to osteophytes)
|
|
Heinz bodies -- CF
|
G6PD deficiency
|
|
Helminth infection (U.S.) -- MC
|
Enterobius vermicularis (Ascaris lumbricoides is 2nd most common)
|
|
Hematoma--epidural -- MF cause
|
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
|
|
Hematoma--subdural -- MF cause
|
Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
|
|
Hemochromatosis -- MF cause
|
Multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF and incr risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
|
|
Henoch-Schönlein purpura -- CF
|
Hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs
|
|
Hepatic cirrhosis -- MF cause
|
EtOH
|
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma -- MF cause
|
Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hepatitis B and C)
|
|
Hereditary bleeding disorder -- MC
|
von Willebrand's
|
|
Heterophil antibodies -- CF
|
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
|
|
High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) -- CF
|
Wet beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
|
|
HLA-B27 -- CF
|
Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
|
|
HLA-DR3 or -DR4 -- CF
|
DM type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of B cells)
|
|
Holosystolic murmur -- MF cause
|
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
|
|
Homer Wright rosettes -- CF
|
Neuroblastoma
|
|
Honeycomb lung on x-ray -- CF
|
Interstitial fibrosis
|
|
Horner's syndrome -- CF
|
Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis
|
|
Howell-Jolly bodies -- CF
|
Splenectomy (or nonfunctional spleen)
|
|
Huntington's disease -- CF
|
Caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
|
|
Hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility -- CF
|
Klüver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
|
|
Hyperpigmentation of skin -- CF
|
1° adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
|
|
Hypersegmented neutrophils -- CF
|
Macrocytic anemia
|
|
Hypertension + hypokalemia -- CF
|
Conn's syndrome
|
|
Hypertension, 2° -- MF cause
|
Renal disease
|
|
Hypochromic microcytosis -- CF
|
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning
|
|
Hypoparathyroidism -- MF cause
|
Thyroidectomy
|
|
Hypopituitarism -- MF cause
|
Adenoma
|
|
Increased uric acid levels -- CF
|
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
|
|
Increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum -- CF
|
Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
|
|
Infection in blood transfusion -- MF cause
|
Hepatitis C
|
|
Infection in burn victims -- MF cause
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
Intussusception -- CF
|
Adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches)
|
|
Janeway lesions -- CF
|
Endocarditis
|
|
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction -- CF
|
Syphilis--overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis
|
|
Job's syndrome -- CF
|
Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
|
|
Kaposi's sarcoma -- CF
|
AIDS in MSM (men who have sex with men)
|
|
Kartagener's syndrome -- CF
|
Dynein defect
|
|
Kayser-Fleischer rings -- CF
|
Wilson's disease
|
|
Keratin pearls -- CF
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
Kidney stones -- MC
|
Calcium = radiopaque (2nd most common is ammonium = radiopaque; formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
|
|
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules -- CF
|
Diabetic nephropathy
|
|
Klüver-Bucy syndrome -- CF
|
Bilateral amygdala lesions
|
|
Koilocytes -- CF
|
HPV
|
|
Koplik spots -- CF
|
Measles
|
|
Krukenberg tumor -- CF
|
Gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases
|
|
Kussmaul hyperpnea -- CF
|
Diabetic ketoacidosis
|
|
Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility -- CF
|
Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin deficit)
|
|
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome -- CF
|
HGPRT deficiency
|
|
Leukemia (adults) -- MF cause
|
AML
|
|
Lewy bodies -- CF
|
Parkinson's disease
|
|
Libman-Sacks disease -- CF
|
Endocarditis associated with SLE
|
|
Lines of Zahn -- CF
|
Arterial thrombus
|
|
Lisch nodules -- CF
|
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
|
|
Liver disease -- MC
|
Alcoholic liver disease
|
|
Location of brain tumors (adults) -- MC
|
Supratentorial
|
|
Location of brain tumors (kids) -- MC
|
Infratentorial
|
|
Low serum ceruloplasmin -- CF
|
Wilson's disease
|
|
Lucid interval -- CF
|
Epidural hematoma
|
|
Lysosomal storage disease -- MC
|
Gaucher's disease
|
|
Lytic bone lesions on x-ray -- CF
|
Multiple myeloma
|
|
Male cancer -- MC
|
Prostatic carcinoma
|
|
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever -- MC
|
Hodgkin's disease
|
|
Malignant skin tumor -- MC
|
Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
|
|
Mallory bodies -- CF
|
Alcoholic liver disease
|
|
Mallory-Weiss syndrome -- CF
|
Esophagogastric lacerations
|
|
McArdle's disease -- CF
|
Muscle phosphorylase deficiency
|
|
McBurney's sign -- CF
|
Appendicitis
|
|
Mental retardation -- MF cause
|
Down syndrome (fragile X is the 2nd most common cause)
|
|
Mets to bone -- MC
|
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
|
|
Mets to brain -- MC
|
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
|
|
Mets to liver -- MC
|
Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas
|
|
MI -- MF cause
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Mitral valve stenosis -- MF cause
|
Rheumatic heart disease
|
|
MLF syndrome (INO) -- CF
|
Multiple sclerosis
|
|
Monoclonal antibody spike -- CF
|
Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA), MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), Waldenström's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
|
|
Motor neuron disease -- MC
|
ALS
|
|
Myocarditis -- MF cause
|
Coxsackie B
|
|
Myxedema -- CF
|
Hypothyroidism
|
|
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis -- CF
|
Wegener's and Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
|
|
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals -- CF
|
Gout
|
|
Negri bodies -- CF
|
Rabies
|
|
Neoplasm (kids) -- MC
|
ALL (2nd most common is cerebellar medulloblastoma)
|
|
Nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss -- CF
|
Alport's syndrome
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome -- MC
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome (adults) -- MF cause
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome (kids) -- MF cause
|
Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
|
|
Neurofibrillary tangles -- CF
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
|
Niemann-Pick disease -- CF
|
Sphingomyelinase deficiency
|
|
No lactation postpartum -- CF
|
Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
|
|
Nutmeg liver -- CF
|
CHF
|
|
Obstruction of male urinary tract -- MC
|
BPH
|
|
Occupational exposure to asbestos -- CF
|
Malignant mesothelioma
|
|
Opening snap -- MF cause
|
Mitral stenosis
|
|
Opportunistic infection in AIDS -- MC
|
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
|
|
Organ receiving mets -- MC
|
Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)
|
|
Organ sending mets -- MC
|
Lung > breast, stomach
|
|
Osler's nodes -- CF
|
Endocarditis
|
|
Osteomyelitis -- MF cause
|
S. aureus
|
|
Osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease -- MF cause
|
Salmonella
|
|
Osteomyelitis with IVDA -- MF cause
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
Ovarian tumor (benign) -- MC
|
Serous cystadenoma
|
|
Ovarian tumor (malignant) -- MC
|
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
Owl's eye -- CF
|
CMV
|
|
Painless jaundice -- CF
|
Pancreatic cancer (head)
|
|
Palpable purpura on legs and buttocks -- CF
|
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
|
|
Pancoast's tumor -- CF
|
Bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome
|
|
Pancreatic tumor -- MC
|
Adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
|
|
Pancreatitis (acute) -- MF cause
|
EtOH and gallstones
|
|
Pancreatitis (chronic) -- MF cause
|
EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
|
|
Pannus -- CF
|
Rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
Parkinson's disease -- CF
|
Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
|
|
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML -- MC
|
ALL—child, CLL—adult > 60, AML—adult > 60, CML—adult 35-50
|
|
Patient with Hodgkin's -- MC
|
Young male (except nodular sclerosis type--female)
|
|
Patient with minimal change disease -- MC
|
Young child
|
|
Patient with Reiter's -- MC
|
Male
|
|
Peau d'orange -- MF cause
|
Carcinoma of the breast
|
|
Periosteal elevation on x-ray -- CF
|
Pyogenic osteomyelitis
|
|
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome -- CF
|
Benign polyposis
|
|
Peyronie's disease -- CF
|
Penile fibrosis
|
|
Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl ) -- CF
|
CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)
|
|
Pick bodies -- CF
|
Pick's disease
|
|
Pick's disease -- CF
|
Progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's
|
|
PID -- MF cause
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
|
|
Pituitary tumor -- MC
|
Prolactinoma (2nd--somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma)
|
|
Plummer-Vinson syndrome -- CF
|
Esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
|
|
Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infection -- MF cause
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
Pneumonia, hospital-acquired -- MF cause
|
Klebsiella
|
|
Podagra -- CF
|
Gout (MP joint of hallux)
|
|
Podocyte fusion -- CF
|
Minimal change disease
|
|
Polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection -- CF
|
Guillain-Barré syndrome
|
|
Polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema -- CF
|
WET beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
|
|
Pompe's disease -- CF
|
Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency associated with cardiomegaly
|
|
Port-wine stain -- CF
|
Hemangioma
|
|
Positive anterior "drawer sign" -- CF
|
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
|
|
Pott's disease -- CF
|
Vertebral tuberculosis
|
|
Preventable blindness -- MF cause
|
Chlamydia
|
|
Preventable cancer -- MC
|
Lung cancer
|
|
Primary amenorrhea -- MF cause
|
Turner's (XO)
|
|
Primary bone tumor (adults) -- MC
|
Multiple myeloma
|
|
Primary hyperaldosteronism -- MF cause
|
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
|
|
Primary hyperparathyroidism -- MC
|
Adenomas (followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
|
|
Primary hyperparathyroidism -- MF cause
|
Adenoma
|
|
Primary liver tumor -- MC
|
Hepatoma
|
|
Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement -- CF
|
Glioblastoma multiforme
|
|
Pseudorosettes -- CF
|
Ewing's sarcoma
|
|
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis -- CF
|
Horner's syndrome (Pancoast's tumor)
|
|
Pulmonary hypertension -- MF cause
|
COPD
|
|
Rash on palms and soles -- CF
|
2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
|
|
Raynaud's syndrome -- CF
|
Recurrent vasospasm in extremities
|
|
RBC casts in urine -- CF
|
Acute glomerulonephritis
|
|
Recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections -- CF
|
Cystic fibrosis
|
|
Red urine in the morning -- CF
|
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
|
Reed-Sternberg cells -- CF
|
Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
|
Reid index (increased) -- CF
|
Chronic bronchitis
|
|
Reinke crystals -- CF
|
Leydig cell tumor
|
|
Reiter's syndrome -- CF
|
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
|
|
Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas -- CF
|
von Hippel-Lindau disease
|
|
Renal epithelial casts in urine -- CF
|
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
|
|
Renal tumor -- MC
|
Renal cell carcinoma--associated with von Hippel-Lindau and acquired polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)
|
|
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent -- CF
|
Pseudogout
|
|
Rib notching -- CF
|
Coarctation of aorta
|
|
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause -- MF cause
|
Cor pulmonale
|
|
Right-sided heart failure -- MF cause
|
Left-sided heart failure
|
|
Roth's spots in retina -- CF
|
Endocarditis
|
|
Rotor's syndrome -- CF
|
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
|
Rouleaux formation (RBCs) -- CF
|
Multiple myeloma
|
|
S3 -- CF
|
Left-to-right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)
|
|
S4 -- CF
|
Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
|
|
Schiller-Duval bodies -- CF
|
Yolk sac tumor
|
|
Secondary hyperparathyroidism -- MC
|
Hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure
|
|
Senile plaques -- CF
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
|
Sexually transmitted disease -- MC
|
Chlamydia
|
|
Sézary syndrome -- CF
|
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
|
|
Sheehan's syndrome -- CF
|
Postpartum pituitary necrosis
|
|
Sheehan's syndrome -- MF cause
|
Postpartum pituitary infarction 2° to hemorrhage
|
|
Shwartzman reaction -- CF
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
SIADH -- MF cause
|
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
|
|
Signet-ring cells -- CF
|
Gastric carcinoma
|
|
Simian crease -- CF
|
Down syndrome
|
|
Sipple's syndrome -- CF
|
MEN type IIa
|
|
Site of diverticula -- MC
|
Sigmoid colon
|
|
Site of metastasis -- MC
|
Regional lymph nodes
|
|
Site of metastasis (2nd most common) -- MC
|
Liver
|
|
Sites of atherosclerosis -- MC
|
Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
|
|
Sjögren's syndrome -- CF
|
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
|
|
Skin cancer -- MC
|
Basal cell carcinoma
|
|
Skip lesions -- CF
|
Crohn's
|
|
Slapped cheeks -- CF
|
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
|
|
Smith antigen -- CF
|
SLE
|
|
Soap bubble on x-ray -- CF
|
Giant cell tumor of bone
|
|
Spike and dome on EM -- CF
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
Spitz nevus -- CF
|
Benign juvenile melanoma
|
|
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails -- CF
|
Endocarditis
|
|
Starry-sky pattern -- CF
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
|
Stomach cancer -- MC
|
Adenocarcinoma
|
|
Streaky ovaries -- CF
|
Turner's syndrome
|
|
String sign on x-ray -- CF
|
Crohn's disease
|
|
Subepithelial humps on EM -- CF
|
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
|
Suboccipital lymphadenopathy -- CF
|
Rubella
|
|
Sulfur granules -- CF
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
|
Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia -- CF
|
Scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency)--vitamin C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
|
|
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) -- CF
|
Aortic valve stenosis
|
|
t(14;18) -- CF
|
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
|
|
t(8;14) -- CF
|
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
|
|
t(9;22) -- CF
|
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)
|
|
Tabes dorsalis -- CF
|
3° syphilis
|
|
Tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles) -- CF
|
Familial hypercholesterolemia
|
|
Testicular tumor -- MC
|
Seminoma
|
|
Thumb sign on lateral x-ray -- CF
|
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
|
|
Thyroid cancer -- MC
|
Papillary carcinoma
|
|
Thyroidization of kidney -- CF
|
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
|
|
Tophi -- CF
|
Gout
|
|
Tracheoesophageal fistula -- MC
|
Lower esophagus joins trachea/upper esophagus--blind pouch
|
|
Trousseau's sign -- CF
|
Visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
|
|
Tumor in men -- MC
|
Prostate carcinoma
|
|
Tumor in women -- MC
|
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
|
|
Tumor of infancy -- MC
|
Hemangioma
|
|
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults) -- MC
|
Pheochromocytoma (benign)
|
|
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids) -- MC
|
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
|
|
Type of Hodgkin's -- MC
|
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
|
|
Type of non-Hodgkin's -- MC
|
Follicular, small cleaved
|
|
Type of pituitary adenoma -- MC
|
Prolactinoma
|
|
UTI -- MF cause
|
E. coli
|
|
UTI (young women) -- MF cause
|
E. coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
|
|
Vasculitis -- MC
|
Temporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery)
|
|
Viral encephalitis -- MC
|
HSV
|
|
Virchow's node -- CF
|
Left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
|
|
Virchow's triad -- CF
|
Pulmonary embolism (triad = blood stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulation)
|
|
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.) -- MC
|
Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply)
|
|
von Recklinghausen's disease -- CF
|
Neurofibromatosis with café-au-lait spots
|
|
von Recklinghausen's disease of bone -- CF
|
Osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor")
|
|
Wallenberg's syndrome -- CF
|
PICA thrombosis
|
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome -- CF
|
Adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia
|
|
Waxy casts -- CF
|
Chronic end-stage renal disease
|
|
WBC casts in urine -- CF
|
Acute pyelonephritis
|
|
WBCs in urine -- CF
|
Acute cystitis
|
|
Wermer's syndrome -- CF
|
MEN type I
|
|
Whipple's disease -- CF
|
Malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii
|
|
Wilson's disease -- CF
|
Hepatolenticular degeneration
|
|
Xanthochromia (CSF) -- CF
|
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca -- CF
|
Sjögren's syndrome
|
|
Zenker's diverticulum -- CF
|
Upper GI diverticulum
|
|
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome -- CF
|
Gastrin-secreting tumor associated with ulcers
|
|
Defic of CD55 and CD59, decay accelerating factor (DAF) and membrane attack complex inhibiting factor (MACIF)
|
dx of Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
|