Eyes

Front 1

binocular vision

Back 1

unison eye muscle movement

Front 2

How should normal eyelashes look like?

Back 2

equal & curved outward

Front 3

external eye structures

Back 3

eyebrows,
eyelids,
eyelashes

Front 4

anterior eye structures

Back 4

conjunctiva,
sclera,
cornea,
lens,
iris,
pupil

Front 5

eyes muscles

Back 5

rectus,
oblique,
ciliary

Front 6

rectus muscles movement

Back 6

allow for straight eye movement

Front 7

oblique muscles movement

Back 7

allow for slanting eye movement

Front 8

ciliary muscle movement

Back 8

affects eye lens movement - changes

Front 9

palpebral fissure

Back 9

anatomic name for separation between upper & lower eyelids
adults measure about 10 mm vertically,
30 mm horizontally

Front 10

conjunctiva

Back 10

lines inside of eyelids & covers sclera

Front 11

sclera

Back 11

white of eye
clear, glossy
protective outer layer
collagen & elastic fibers

Front 12

cornea

Back 12

covers pupil
should be clear & smooth

Front 13

lens

Back 13

lens is directly behind pupil

Front 14

pupil

Back 14

usual adult size is 3-5 mm
PERL (Pupils Equal & Reactive to Light)
PERLA (Pupils Equal & Reactive to Light & Accomodation)

Front 15

mydraisis

Back 15

dilated pupils

Front 16

myosis

Back 16

constricted pupils

Front 17

ophthalmoscope

Back 17

generally done by MDs & APNs
assess inner structures (retina)

Front 18

distortions

Back 18

floaters - gray & black spots that appear w/ eye movement, common in elderly

Front 19

glaucoma

Back 19

increased pressure,
family hx

Front 20

eye assessment - subjective data

Back 20

pain - trauma
loss of vision - blindness, macular degeneration

Front 21

eye assessment - objective data (inspection)

Back 21

symmetrical,
no protrusions,
no depressions,
lesions
& foreign bodies

Front 22

eye assessment - objective data (palpate)

Back 22

tenderness,
swelling

Front 23

assess eyes for

Back 23

color,
redness,
exudates,
swelling,
lesions

Front 24

normal eye assessment

Back 24

clear,
moist,
glossy pink color

Front 25

assess for discoloration

Back 25

scleral icterus (yellow, jaundice),
blood shot eyes (irritations, subconjunctival hemorrhage),
brown macula

Front 26

objective vision assessments

Back 26

6 cardinal positions of gaze test,
confrontation peripheral vision test,
eye accommodation test,
strabismus test

Front 27

6 cardinal positions of gaze test

Back 27

assess for uneven eye movements

Front 28

pupil reflex

Back 28

consensual constriction - pupil of other eye

Front 29

Snellen chart

Back 29

eye acuity
20/20 normal vision
1st # indicates that person stood at 20 ft
2nd # indicates the line read
the larger the 2nd #, the poorer the vision
20/40 vision - what person see at 20 ft is what a normal person sees at 40 ft

Front 30

myopia

Back 30

nearsightedness
difficulty seeing distant objects, e.g., highway signs
headaches,
eyestrain,
squinting

Front 31

hyperopia

Back 31

farsightedness
aching eyes,
blurred vision,
eye strain,
headache while reading

Front 32

acuity test

Back 32

observe for: squinting,
leaning forward/backward,
inaccurate reading
perform w/ or w/o glasses/contacts

Front 33

strabismus test

Back 33

"cross-over" test
cross-eye

Front 34

esotropia

Back 34

1 or both eyes deviate inward

Front 35

exotropia

Back 35

1 or both eyes deviate outward

Front 36

hypertropia

Back 36

1 or both eyes deviate upward

Front 37

hypotropia

Back 37

1 or both eyes deviate downward

Front 38

cornea reflex test

Back 38

tests for corneal reflex -
blinking, which also needs CN 7 function (as it controls eyelid closure)

Front 39

nystagmus

Back 39

uncontrollable & rapid movement of eyeball in any direction

Front 40

epicanthal fold

Back 40

covers inner canthus of eye