Eye Terms For Medical Terminology For Healthcare

Front 1

aque/o

Back 1

water

Front 2

belphar/o

Back 2

eyelid

Front 3

conjuctiv/o

Back 3

conjuntiva (to join together)

Front 4

corne/o
kerat/o

Back 4

cornea

Front 5

cycl/o

Back 5

circle, ciliary body

Front 6

ir/o
irid/o

Back 6

colored circle
iris

Front 7

lacrim/o
dacry/o

Back 7

tear

Front 8

ocul/o
ophthalam/o
opt/o

Back 8

eye

Front 9

phac/o
phak/o

Back 9

lens (lentil)

Front 10

phot/o

Back 10

light

Front 11

presby/o

Back 11

old

Front 12

retin/o

Back 12

retina

Front 13

scler/o

Back 13

hard or sclera

Front 14

vitre/o

Back 14

glassy

Front 15

-opia

Back 15

condition of vision

Front 16

anterior chamber

Back 16

fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris

Front 17

aqueous humor

Back 17

watery liquid secreted by the ciliary processes that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens
(humor = fluid)

Front 18

canal of Schlemm

Back 18

duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream

Front 19

choroid

Back 19

vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina

Front 20

ciliary body

Back 20

ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

Front 21

ciliary muscle

Back 21

smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision

Front 22

ciliary processes

Back 22

epithelial tissue that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

Front 23

conjunctiva

Back 23

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

Front 24

cornea

Back 24

transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refact (bend) light to focus a visual image

Front 25

eyelid
palpebra

Back 25

movable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye

Front 26

fovea centralis

Back 26

pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision
(fovea = pit)

Front 27

fundus

Back 27

interior surface of the eyeball, including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye)
fundus = base

Front 28

glands of Zeis

Back 28

oil glands surrounding the eyelashes

Front 29

meibomian glands

Back 29

oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids

Front 30

iris

Back 30

colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil

Front 31

lacrimal gland

Back 31

gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears

Front 32

lacrimal ducts

Back 32

tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac

Front 33

lacrimal sac

Back 33

structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct

Front 34

lens

Back 34

transparent structure bends and focuses light rays on the retina

Front 35

lens capsule

Back 35

capsule that encloses the lens

Front 36

macula lutea
macula

Back 36

central region of the retina; responsible of central vision; yellow pigment provides its color
(lutea = yellow)

Front 37

nasolacrimal duct

Back 37

passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose

Front 38

optic disk

Back 38

exit site of retinal nerve fibers as well as entrance point for retinal arteries and exit point for retinal veins

Front 39

posterior chamber

Back 39

space between the back of the iris and front of the vitreous chamber; filled with aqueous humor

Front 40

pupil

Back 40

black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye

Front 41

retina

Back 41

innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve

Front 42

cones

Back 42

cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light

Front 43

rods

Back 43

rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light

Front 44

sclera

Back 44

tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve

Front 45

trabecular meshwork

Back 45

mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm

Front 46

vitreous

Back 46

jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye

Front 47

astenopia

Back 47

eyestrain (asthenia = weakness)

Front 48

blepharospasm

Back 48

involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing

Front 49

diplopia

Back 49

double vision

Front 50

exophthalmos

Back 50

abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

Front 51

photophobia

Back 51

extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light

Front 52

scotoma

Back 52

blind spot in vision
(skotos = darkness)

Front 53

lacrimation

Back 53

secretion of tears

Front 54

refractive errors

Back 54

defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina

Front 55

astigmatism

Back 55

distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma = point)

Front 56

hyperopia

Back 56

farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina

Front 57

myopia

Back 57

nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina

Front 58

presbyopia

Back 58

impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation

Front 59

accommodation

Back 59

ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects

Front 60

amblyopia

Back 60

decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors (when one eye is more nearsighted, farsighted, or astigmatic than the other) or trauma; usually occurs in one eye; also known as lazy eye
(ambly/o = dim)

Front 61

aphakiaraction

Back 61

absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction

Front 62

blepharitis

Back 62

inflammation of the eyelid

Front 63

blepharochalasis
dermatochalasis

Back 63

baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of skin elasticity on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open
(chalasis = a slackening)

Front 64

blepharoptosis
ptosis

Back 64

drooping of the eyelid; usually caused by paralysis

Front 65

chalazion

Back 65

chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid

Front 66

cataract

Back 66

opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision

Front 67

conjunctivitis

Back 67

pinkeye; inflammation of the conjuctiva

Front 68

dacryoadenitis

Back 68

inflammation of the lacrimal gland

Front 69

dacryocystitis

Back 69

inflammation of the tear sac

Front 70

diabetic retinopathy

Back 70

disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leading to scarring and loss of vision

Front 71

ectropion

Back 71

outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (tropo = turning)

Front 72

entropion

Back 72

inward turning of the rim of the eyelid

Front 73

epiphora

Back 73

abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct (epi = upon/ phero = to bear)

Front 74

glaucoma

Back 74

group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision

Front 75

hordeolum

Back 75

sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid (hordeum = barley)

Front 76

iritis

Back 76

inflammation of the iris

Front 77

keratitis

Back 77

inflammation of the cornea

Front 78

macular degeneration

Back 78

breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision

Front 79

pseduophakia

Back 79

an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant

Front 80

pterygium

Back 80

fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjuctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly form prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light

Front 81

retinal detachment

Back 81

separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically

Front 82

retinitis

Back 82

inflammation of the retina

Front 83

strabismus
heterotropia

Back 83

a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
(stabismus = a squinting
hetero = other)

Front 84

esotropia

Back 84

right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose (eso = inward tropo = turning)

Front 85

exotropia

Back 85

right or left eye deviates outward, away from the nose (exo = out tropo = turning)

Front 86

scleritis

Back 86

inflammation of the sclera

Front 87

trichiasis

Back 87

misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea

Front 88

distance visual acuityce visual acuity is

Back 88

measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usually from 20 feet (6 meters); normal distance visual acuity is 20/20 (6/6)

Front 89

flurescein angiography

Back 89

visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye

Front 90

ophthalmoscopy

Back 90

use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye

Front 91

slit lamp biomicroscopy

Back 91

use of a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes

Front 92

sonography

Back 92

use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye (e.g., foreign bodies and detached retina)

Front 93

tonometry

Back 93

use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma

Front 94

blepharoplasty

Back 94

surgical repair of an eyelid

Front 95

cataract extraction

Back 95

excision of a cloudy lens from the eye

Front 96

cryretinopexy
cryopexy

Back 96

use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment

Front 97

dacryocystectomy

Back 97

excision of a lacrimal sac

Front 98

enucleation

Back 98

excision of an eyeball

Front 99

iridectomy

Back 99

excision of a portion of iris tissue

Front 100

iridotomy

Back 100

incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma

Front 101

keratoplasty

Back 101

corneal transplantation; replacement of a diseased or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor

Front 102

laser surgery

Back 102

use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues; used to create fluid passages or obliterate tumors, aneurysms, etc.

Front 103

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

Back 103

a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive error (myopia, hyper opia, and astigmatism)
(smileusis = carving)

Front 104

phacomulsification

Back 104

use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract, with aspiration and removal

Front 105

intraocular lens (IOL) implant

Back 105

implantation of an artifical lens to replace a defective natural lens

Front 106

scleral buckling\

Back 106

surgery to treat retinal detachment by placing a band of silicone around the sclera to cinch it toward the middle of the eye and relieve pull on the retina; often combined with other techniques to seal retinal tears

Front 107

contact lens

Back 107

small, plastic, curved disk with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors

Front 108

eye instillation

Back 108

introduction of a medicated solution in the eye, usually administered by a drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected eye or eyes

Front 109

eye irrigation

Back 109

washing of the eye with water or other fluid (e.g., saline)

Front 110

antibiotic ophthalamic solution

Back 110

antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections (e.g., conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers)

Front 111

cycloplegic

Back 111

agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and the powers of accommodation; commonly used in pediatric eye examinations

Front 112

mydriatic

Back 112

agent that causes dilation of the pupil; used for certain eye examinations

Front 113

miotic

Back 113

agent that causes the pupil to contract (mio = less)