Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Causes hearing loss 4
|
disease/injury
loud noise, constant ototoxic drugs - mycins, asa, loop diur aging - degenerative |
|
s/s hearing loss
|
infant - no babbling, no response loud
adults - speech deterioration, social withdraw, disinterest hogs conversation, false pride |
|
conductive hearing loss
|
impairment of outer or mid ear or both
|
|
sensoineural hearing loss
causes- |
perceptive loss
disease of inner/nerve paths - ototoxic, blow to head, loud noise |
|
dx tests for hearing
|
Weber - tap fork on forehd/top
compares bone conduction Rinne test - tap fork - mastoid bone |
|
motions sickness rx
|
antihistamines (Dramamine, Antivert)
anticholinergics (Scopolamine patches) meds cause dry mouth/drowsy |
|
Meniere's Disease s/s
|
chronic inner ear (labyrinth) dis
+ family hx often s/s feelings fullness in ear paroxysmal whirling vertigo, tinnitus, sensoineural loss |
|
Meniere's Disease rx
|
diuretics, lo Na
limit alchohol, caffeine avoid MSG, ASA Antivert, Valium, antiemetics - Phenergan Vasodilating Pavabid, Banthine - |
|
Acute Otits Media -
middle ear d/o causes s/s |
strep, URI r/t short, straight eust tube
chronic expos to 2nd hand smoke -pain, pulling on ear, inc T, n/v, dec hear, h/a drainage if ruptures (pain goes), eardrum bright red/yellow |
|
Otitis media rx
-post op |
rx - antibiot, decong,
myringotomy - incise drum to release fluid, promote healing - affected ear in dep posi, report severe pain, COCA, hearing loss, keep h2o out of ear |
|
Chronic otitis media
post op for mid ear or mastoid surg |
prevent infex, antibiot, no h2o 6 wks, keep dry 2 days
sleep w operative ear up blow nose gently, sneeze/cough w mouth open |
|
external otitis media s/s
rx |
pain - inc when move auricle (mid ear infex no pain w move)
maybe yellow/green foul d/c rx- antibiot, hot packs, analgesics, no h2O in ear |
|
signs for
both ears, left ear right ear |
AU
AR AD |
|
Danger signals fro eyes
|
continued pain in/around
persistent redness crossing eyes visual probs growths on eye, lid, swollen lid d/c continuedd, crusting, tearing pupils unequal, distorted shape |
|
chemical burns to eyes - first aid
|
flush w h2o at least 15 min - before moving pt - can use IV tubing
|
|
both eyes
right eye left eye |
OU
OR OS |
|
dressings
|
never change till ordered,
pull tape toward eye, then straight up do not apply pressure unless ordered - then use 2-3 pads and tape |
|
Visual assessment
tonometry fluorescein angiography |
-measures intraocular press - use top anesthetic drops 1st
-dye into antecubital vein, seen in retinal vessels, skin and urine may turn yellow - gone 24 hrs |
|
refraction errors
age > 40 |
ability of eye to accommodate decreases
- lens loose elasticity - presbyopia (type farsightedness type) |
|
refraction errors
myopia hyperopia |
-nearsightedness - can't see far
-farsightedness - can't see near * most common error |
|
Glaucoma meds- Miotics
decrease IOP |
Miotics=cholinergic agents -(pilocarpine, carbachol)
inc fluid outflo by constricting pupils -s/e blurred, pain, diff seeing in dark, stings immed > admin |
|
Glaucoma meds- Beta Blkers
decrease IOP |
(betaxolol, timolol)
decr. aqueous humor production s/e - same as all betas |
|
Glaucoma meds- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
decrease IOP |
(Trusopt-drops, Diamox-po)
decr. aqueous humor production - no sulfa allergies |
|
Meds for pupil dilation - exams, surg
-mydriatics -cycloplegics mydriatic/cycloplegic drops |
- dilate pupil
-paralyze iris sphincter to keep dilated atropine scopolamine homatropine Mydriacyl (cyclogyl) |
|
Eye anti-infectives
antibiotics |
gentamicin, erythromycin
|
|
Eye meds - osmotic agents
|
-make plasma hypertonic so draw aquious humor from eyes and reduce IOP
- often used pre-op |
|
Conjunctivitis -s/s
-rx |
-redness, swelling, pain, lacrimation, d/c, foreign body sensation
-warm compresses, antibiotic, maybe steroid drops |
|
Hordeolum (sty)-s/s
-rx |
infex of superficial lid gland
-pain, swelling, redness, then small abscess -warm compress, maybe I&D, antibiotic drops |
|
Chalazia - s/s
-rx |
inflammatory cyst of gland of eyelid
-burning, itching, lid margins red, crusty -warm compress to soften, remove crusts, antibiotic ointment |
|
Glaucoma pathophysiology
|
- norm balance amt fluid enters/leaves eye
-distubance of circulation aqueous fluid => incr prod of humor w decrease in outflow -incr IOP -damage optic nerve -visual loss - blindness -lost vision can't be restored |
|
closed angle glaucoma - un rx?
due to? |
-blind in 2-5 days
-sudden incr IOP -> blockage of angle of anter chamber by root of iris => blocks aqueous outflow (drainage channels normal) |
|
closed angle glaucoma
s/s? |
- sudden severe pain - 1st eye, then other parts of head
blurred vision halos, rainbows around lights red eye n/v dilated pupil does not respond to light |
|
closed angle glaucoma
rx |
decr IOP - miotics, osmotics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
decr pain, nausea - Demerol causes miosis + decr pain |
|
closed angle glaucoma
post-op |
eye patch at least 24 hr
antibiotic gtts 4-5 days steroid gtts weeks (scarring, inflamm) don't lay on operated side progressive ambulation - not fast no reading until MD oks no driving 1 week |
|
glaucoma pt teaching
|
-explain need for lifelong rx
-avoid activity that incr IOP: sneezing, vomiting, coughing, no bending from waist, squat to pick up, no straining (valsalva, lifting > 5#) -avoid emotional stress, excessive fluid intake, tight clothing ie collars miotic gtts cause diff night seeing => incr lighting at home no reading extended time, or fast moving object games -no mydriatics (dilates), -no antihistamines (glaucoma is s/e of meds) |
|
Cataracts causes
s/s |
long term steroids, sun exposure
-blurry, hazy, distortion -diplopia (dbl vis), poor nite vis. -glare in brite lite, no pain, gradual visual loss -pupils black, gray, then white |
|
Cataracts rx
|
surgery - not laser
done when interferes w life -postponing has no effect - protection from sun may prevent/slow dpwm cateracts |
|
Cataracts pre-op
|
sedation
mydriatic/cycloplegic (dilates/open) osmotic - to decr IOP antiemetic - to prevent vomit would inc IOP |
|
Cataracts post-op
|
usu discharged few hrs
sleep on back or non-surg side w HOB 45 discharge surg eye only - 1st day antiemetics prn nausea (don't wait) |
|
Cataracts post-op eye meds
pt teaching |
if no lens implant - mydriatic or mydriatic/cycloplegic
if lens implant - miotic (to prevent from dislodging BOTH antibiotics, steroids |
|
congenital cataracts
|
remove asap - by 6 mo to preserve vision
if monocular and not corrected early => perm blind from lazy eye (amblyopia) |
|
Retinoblastoma - definition
|
congen malignant tumor arising from retina - usu unilateral
may be present at birth or during 1st 2 yrs |
|
Retinoblastoma s/s
rx |
s/swhitish glow in pupil (cats eye reflex)
strabismus - eyes not aligned red, painful eye glaucoma often blindness a late sign - radiation or enucleation, chemo |
|
Strabismus definition
cause |
eyes not staraight or aligned bilaterally - eyes see 2 diff images
1/2 family hx, imbalance of intraoc muscles |
|
Strabismus s/s
rx |
-malalignment of eyes, squint, head tilt
-patching good eye, eye exercises, glasses, surgery to correct mus glasses after surgery for maintenance |
|
Macular degeneration
dx? |
most common cause vis loss > 60
Amsler used to dx Drusen (yellow spots) appear in retina |
|
Retinal detachments s/s
|
occur suddenly or gradually
floaters flashes of light blurry, sooty vision un rx - incr detach -> blindness |
|
Retinal detachments pre-op
|
-immediate bedrest - to prevent further detachment
-both eyes bandaged - lie so area of detach is dependent (flat, sitting, etc) |
|
Retinal detachments post-op
|
-both eyes bandaged,
-bedrest w BRP assisted -if gas bubble during surg, position ordered -deep breathe q 2hrs -decr ,movement of head, no jarring, no activities that inc IOP -restrict reading initially - no flying till gas bubble gone, if used |
|
enucleation
post-op |
removal of eyeball
-pressure dressing for wk - reduce swelling -antibiotic oint TID -remove and clean per orders - (either leave in for months and do daily irrigations or remove and clean daily) |
|
blind pt care in hosp
|
-orient to room, don't rearrange, leave door all the way open, not 1/2, call bell in reach
-speak to pt when entering -when walking pt, pt touches elbow and walks 1 step behind nurse -allow independence AMAP - tell where food is on plate |
|
eye donation post op, pre-op
|
recipient may only know hrs before
pre-op - ck s/s eye infex, antibiotic gtt post-op -pressure dress. and eye shield 1 day, elevate hob, lie on non-surg side, monitor bleeding, infex, graft rejection RSVP (red, swell, vis acuity decrease, pain) |