External Factors - Class

Front 1

Cultural deprivation

Back 1

Many working class homes lack the books, educational toys and resources that will stimulate their child's intellect.
Working class subculture accounts for low attainment, it is the children and the family as well as their neighbourhood and subculture's fault for educational failure

Front 2

Cultural deprivation

Intellectual development

Back 2

DOUGLAS - Working class pupils score lower on ability tests than middle class students and this is because working class parents are less likely to stimulate their child's intellect or help them with homework/do educational activities at home.

Front 3

Cultural deprivation

Language

Back 3

BERSTEIN - speech codes
Restricted code - working class use restricted code because they have so much in common, therefore speech isn't needed to be elaborated upon, characterised by grammatically simple, unfinished sentences. Meanings can be identified through voice intonations and the context which the communication takes place.
Elaborated code - fills in the gaps, universalistic so it is not restricted to one context

Front 4

Cultural deprivation

Attitudes

Back 4

Working class are not as pushy with education as the middle class. They care more about the happiness of their child than their educational attainment

Front 5

Material deprivation

Back 5

- Poor housing

- poor diet

-poor financial support

Front 6

Cultural deprivation

Socialisation

Back 6

SUGARMAN - working class are socialised on 4 principles:

- Immediate gratification - quick rewards
- Fatalism - no motivation to improve situations
- Present time orientation - live for the moment
- Collectivism - loyalty to the group