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54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
where are protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom?
protons and neutrons are clumped together in the center (nucleus). Electrons orbit around the nusleus like the planets orbit the sun in space.
What determines the vast majority of the characteristics in an atom?
The number of protons & electrons.
What does the number after an atom mean/signify?
The sum of the protons & nutrons.
What is the difference between an element and an atom?
An eliment contains all atoms that have the same number of protons (and therefore the same number of electrons), regardless of the number of neutrons. An atom is a single entity, determind by its number or protons, electrons and nutrons.
How many electrons are in an atom that has 32 protons?
32, this is because every atom has the same number of protons and electrons!!
How many atoms total are in a molecule of c3h8o?
3
8
+ 1
------------
12
Identify the folowing as an atom, ekement, or molecule:

a. h2co
b.nitrogen- 14
c. P
a. is a molicule

b. atom

c. eliment
If you add molecules ofaliquid, will it turn into a gas or a solid?
Gas.
A chemist wants to study diffusion. should a semipermeable membranebe used?
yes
What kind of reaction is used for building disaccharides, polysaccharides, fats, and proteins?

What kind of reaction can break these substances down?
Dehydration


Nydrolysis
What is the basic building blacks for proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides?
proteins link together with amino acids

polysaccharides link together with monosaccharides

lipids link to glycerol fatty acids
what is the "lock and key" theory of enzyme action?
The sucrose fits into the sucrase like a key fits into a lock, this view of how an enzyme works is often called the lock and key theory of enzyme action
what is the basic part of a nucleotide?
doexyribose, phosphale group, and a nucleotide base
Atom
the basic building blocks of matter
Matter
anythng that has mass and takes up space
Model
an explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen
Elament
A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons
Molecules
Chenicals that result fromatoms linking together
Phisical change
a change that affects the apperance but not the chemical makeup of a substance
Chemical change
A change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance
Phase
One of three forms - solid, liquid, or gas - which every substance is capable of attaining
Diffusion
the randome motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Concentration
A mesurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of a slovent
Semipermeable Membrane
A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through
Osmosis
the tendency of a solvent to travel across a Semipermeable Membrane into areas of higher soluts concentration
Organic molecule
a molecule that contains only carbon and amy of the following: hidrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfer, and/or phosphororous
Biosynthesis
the prosess by which living organisme produce larger molecules from smaller ones
Monosaccharides
simple carbohicrates that contain 3 to 10 carbon atoms
Disaccharides
carbohydrstes that are mad up of two Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two Monosaccharides
Dehadration reaction
a chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removeing water
Hydrolysis
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
hydrophobic
lacking any affinity to water
saturated fat
A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms
Unsaturated fat
A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms
Peptide bond
a bond that links amino acids together in a protene
Hydrogen bond
A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom, especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine atom, usually of another molecule.
Cytology
The study of cells
Reproduction
Producing more cells
Cytology
The study of cells
Absortion
The transport of dissolved substances
Cell wall
A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
Cell wall
A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
Cytology
The study of cells
Cell wall
A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
Digestion
The break down and absorbed substance
Respiaration
The break down of food molecules with a release of energy
Excertion
The reamovail of soluble waste materials
Egestion
The reamoval of nonsliuble waste materials
Secretion
The release of biosynthesized substance
Homeostasis
Maintaining the status quo
Reproduction
Producing more cells
Cytology
The study of cells
Cell wall
A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells