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21 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Opponent-process theory
A theory proposing that an emotional event elicits two competing processes: (1) an a-process (or primary process) directly elicited by the event, and (2) a b-process (or opponent process) that is elicited by the a-process and serves to conteract the a-process.
Reflex
A relatively simple, involuntary response to a stimulus.
Reflex arc
A neural structure that underlies many reflexes and consists of a sensory neuron, and interneuron, and motor neuron.
Sensitization
An increase in the strength of an elicited rresponnse
British empricism
A philosophical school of thought which maintains that almost all knowlege is a function of experience.
Cognitive Behaviorism
A brand of behaviooorism that utilizes intervening variables, usually in the form of hypothesized cognitive processes, to help explain behavir. Sometimes called"purposive behaviorism.
Cognitive map
The mental representation of one's spatial surroundings.
Countercontrol
The deliberate manipullation of environmental events to alterr their impact on our behavior.
Appetitve conditioning
Conditioning procedure in which the US in an event that an organism approached or seeks out.
Aversive conditioning
conditioning procedures in which the US is an event that an organism avoids.
Backward conditioning
conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS follows the onset of the US.
classical conditioning
a process whereby one stimulus that does not elicit a certain response is associated with a second stimulus that does; as a result, the first stimulus also comes to elicit a response.
Conditioned response (CR)
the response, often similar to the unconditioned response, that is elicited by the conditioned stimulus.
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Any stimulus that, although initially neutral, comes to elicit a response because it has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
Delayed conditioning
Conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS precedes the onset of the US, and the two stimulus overlap.
Dishabituation
The reappearance of a habituated response to a stimulus following the presentation of another, seemingly irrelevant novel stimulus.
Excitatory conditioning
Conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the presentation of a US.
Fixed action pattern
A fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus.
Flexion response
The automatic response of jerking one's hand or foot away from a hot or sharp object.
Habituation
A decrease in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the elicited stimulus.
Inhibitory conditioning
Conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the absence or removal of a US.