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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
dependent variable |
variable considered to be an effect |
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independent variable |
variable considered to be a cause, such as what group a person is in for a t test or analysis of variance |
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sample |
scores of a particular group of people studied; usually considered to be representative of the scores in some larger population |
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population |
entire group of people to which a researcher intends the results of a study to apply; the larger group to which inferences are made on the basis of the particular set of people (sample) studied. |
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Null hypothesis H0 |
statement about a relation between populations that is the opposite of the research hypothesis; a statement that in the population there is no difference between populations |
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alternative hypothesis HA |
statement in hypothesis testing about the predicted relation between populations |
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Critical value (cutoff sample score) |
the point on the comparison distribution at which, if reached or exceeded by the sample score, you reject the null hypothesis |
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directional hypothesis |
research hypothesis predicting a particular direction of difference between populations - for example, a prediction that the population like the sample studied has a higher mean than the population in general |
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one-tailed test |
hypothesis-testing procedure for a directional hypothesis; situation in which the region of the comparison distribution in which the null hypothesis would be rejected is all on one side of the distribution |
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nondirectional hypothesis |
research hypothesis that does not predict a particular direction of difference between the population like the sample studied and the population in general |
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two-tailed test |
hypothesis testing procedure for a nondirectional hypothesis; the situation in which the region of the comparison distribution in which the null hypothesis would be rejected is divided between the two sides of the distribution |
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experimental design |
the general plan for selecting participants, assigning participants to experimental conditions, controlling extraneous variables, and gathering data |
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influences on power |
Effect size - large (increases power), small (decreases power) predicted difference btwn pop means - large differences (increases power), small differences (decreases power) pop std dev - small pop SD (increases), large pop SD (decreases) Sample size (N) - large (increases), small (decreases) sign level - lenient (increases), stringent (decreases) one tailed (increases), two tailed (decreases) |