Experience Music By K. Charlton: Chapter 3

Front 1

Families

Back 1

Categories of instruments

Front 2

Male Voice types

Back 2

Tenor (high)
Baritone (middle)
Bass (low)

Front 3

Female Voice types

Back 3

Soprano (high)
Mezzo Soprano (middle)
Alto (low)

Front 4

Chamber Music

Back 4

- SMALL group of instruments
- EACH musician has their own solo part
- Heard up-close, usually in a small room

Front 5

Orchestra

Back 5

- ALL families of instruments (INCLUDING STRINGS)
- Large ensemble
- Heard in a large room, usually a concert hall

Front 6

List the families of instruments in an Orchestra.

Back 6

- String
- Woodwind
- Brass
- Percussion

Front 7

Wind Ensemble / Concert Band / Symphonic Band

Back 7

- ALL families of instruments (EXCEPT STRINGS)
- Large ensemble
- Heard in a large room, usually a concert hall

Front 8

Conductor

Back 8

Leader for large ensembles; responsible for all aspects of performance

Front 9

What does the conductor's right hand do?

Back 9

- Gives tempo
- Shows meter of music

Front 10

What does the conductor's left hand do?

Back 10

- Cues entrances
- Gives dynamics & other directions

Front 11

List all the instrument families.

Back 11

- Woodwind
- Percussion
- Keyboard
- Brass
- Strings
- Electronic

Front 12

What are woodwinds made of?

Back 12

Originally made of wood or used reeds
Now also made of plastic / metal

Front 13

How do woodwinds work?

Back 13

Require air & all fingers

Front 14

Give examples of woodwind instruments.

Back 14

Piccolo, flute
Single reed: Clarinet, bass clarinet, sax
Double reed: Oboe, bassoon, contrabassoon

Front 15

What are percussion instruments made of?

Back 15

Wood, metal, & synthetic materials.
Drumheads are usually made w/ animal skin or plastic.

Front 16

How do percussion instruments work?

Back 16

Struck, shaken, or scraped

Front 17

Definite Pitch

Back 17

Producing sounds providing specific pitches

Front 18

Give examples of definite pitch percussion instruments.

Back 18

Timpani (only drum w/ definite pitch)
Xylophone
Chimes

Front 19

Indefinite Pitch

Back 19

Producing sounds providing rhythms

Front 20

Give examples of indefinite pitch percussion instruments.

Back 20

Bass drum
Snare drum
Tambourine
Triangle
Cymbals
Bongos

Front 21

What are keyboards made of?

Back 21

Wood, strings, metal, hard plastic

Front 22

How do keyboards work?

Back 22

Played w/ hands
Producing many notes simultaneously

Front 23

Give examples of keyboard instruments.

Back 23

Piano
Organ
Harpsichord

Front 24

How does a piano work?

Back 24

Hammers strike strings

Front 25

How does an organ work?

Back 25

Electronically pushes air thru metal pipes

Front 26

How does a harpsichord work?

Back 26

Plucks strings (same volume no matter what force used)

Front 27

What are brass instruments made of?

Back 27

Originally made of wood covered in leather
Now made of metal

Front 28

How do brass instruments work?

Back 28

Require air & 4 fingers max
Players buzz lips against mouthpiece

Front 29

Give examples of brass instruments.

Back 29

Trumpet
French horn
Trombone
Tuba

Front 30

What are string instruments made of?

Back 30

Body: Wood
Strings: Gut, metal, silk, nylon, plastic
Bow strings: Horsehair

Front 31

How do string instruments work?

Back 31

1. Horsehair bow strings create friction against other strings OR player plucks strings (pizzicato).
2. Sound resonates within hollow body.

Front 32

Give examples of string instruments.

Back 32

Violin
Viola
Cello
Double Bass
Harp
Guitar

Front 33

What are electronic instruments made of?

Back 33

Hard plastic, metal, electronic materials

Front 34

How do electronic instruments work?

Back 34

Modify acoustic sounds or produce sounds electronically

Front 35

Give examples of electronic instruments.

Back 35

Electric guitars
Keyboards
Synthesizers

Front 36

Synthesizers

Back 36

Imitate natural acoustic sounds or create new sounds; played with hands like a piano