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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic characteristics of birds
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-feathers (light, insulation)
-flight (swimming in penguins, flightless rattites) -high metabolic demands -eggs -vocal ability -bills (adapted for environment and eating) -parental behavior |
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Bird phylogeny
-class -# orders -# families |
-Aves
-29 orders -187 families |
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Why birds are popular in captivity?
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-beauty
-vocalization -mimicry -social behavior |
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Largest group of birds
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Order
-psittsciformes (psittacines*, parrots, hookbills) |
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Why parrots aren't suitable pets
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-loud
-messy -long lifespan |
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Budgerigar
-aka |
-parakeet
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Budgerigar
-characteristics |
-inexpensive
-hardy -color mutaions (sexual dimorphism ---> blue cere on males) |
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Budgerigar
-from |
-Australia
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Cockatiel
-from |
-australia
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Cockatiel
-chcaracteristics |
-quiet
-non-destructive -entertaining -sexual dimorphism |
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Lovebird
-from |
-africa
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Lovebird
-characteristics |
-small
-color mutations -bitey |
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African Grey
-characteristics |
-very intelligent
-good mimickers |
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Cockatoo
-from |
-australia
-indonesia |
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Cockatoo
-characteristics |
-erectile crest
-heavy bill -highly intelligent *high maintenance |
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Macaws
-characteristics |
-social
-long-lived |
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Macaws
-colorings |
-Blue and gold*
-greenwing -scarlet -hyacinth *mini-macaw |
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Conures
-characteristics |
-long tails
-broad, heavy bills -gregarious -animated -loud |
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Amazon parrot
-characteristics |
-green, short tailed
-extroverted -entertaining -good mimickery |
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Canaries
-type of bird |
-passerine/songbird
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Canaries
-sex you want to own |
-male ---> sing
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Finch
-bird type |
-passerine/songbird
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Pet bird trade & disease
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-1929 = psittacosis pandemic (infected parrots) ---> treatment centers in 1968
-importation banned in 1942 -1926-1942: psittacines considered responsible for Viscerotropic Newcastle disease (to Europe and South Africa) -1972: VNCD introduced to US via parrot transport --controled by eradication --USDA quarantine system |
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What must occur for all birds entering the US?
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-30 day quarantine
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What occurs during 30-day US quarantine?
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-test for lethal poultry disease
-fed mediated rations containing chlortetracycline -representative sample swabbed for VVND |
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Birds
-conservation issues |
Loss of avian species
-habitat destruction -hunting -trade |
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CITES
-define |
-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna
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CITES
-appendices |
Appendix I: endangered
-no commercial trade approved for 45 spp Appendix II: threatened -need an export permit from country of origin Appendix III: not at risk -budgies, cockatiel, ringneck |
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CITES
-importance |
-decrease in commercial import of birds
-encourages captive breeding in countries of bird origin |
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Endangered Species Act
-define |
-Endangered species (CITES appendix I) cannot be imported into the US or sold in interstate commerce unless specific permits are issued by US Fish and Wildlife
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Wild Bird Conservation Act of 1992
-Goal -function |
-Goal: promote conservation of exotic birds by encouraging conservation and management programs in country of origin
-limits importation of exotic birds unless they come from countries with approved species management and conservation programs or approved captive-breeding facilities, or belong to certain captive bred species -1 yr phase out of imports of all CITES listed avian species -aviculture |
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Animal Welfare Act
-define |
-governs the humane care, handling, treatment, and transportation of some animals in certain situations
-1992 coalition brought suit against USDA to include birds -appealed in 1994 due to fiscal limitations |
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Physical diagnosis
-components |
-history
-environment -hands-off exam -restraint -physical exam |
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History
-involves |
-chief complaint
-signalment -ownership |
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Environment
-involves |
-diet
-cage (composition, location, etc.) -time outside of cage? |
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Hands-Off exam
-involves |
-careful observation (will be reluctant to show signs)
-general appearance, attitude, activity -droppings -voice, oculonasal discharge, respiration, wing droop, conformation |
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Non-specific signs of illness
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-fluffed/ruffled appearance
-head tucked under wings -sitting on bottom of cage -partially closed eyes --frequent blinking -hunched stance |
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Signs of dyspnes
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-excessive sternal motion
-open mouth breathing -head bob -tail bob -neck and wings extended from body |
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Biliverdinuria
-what is it -when is it typically seen |
-green/yellow-green tinge of urates
-hepatic disease |
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If found to be dyspnic, what should be done?
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Probably start giving supportive care immediately
-warm environment -oxygen |
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Maldigestion
-represented how |
-seeds in droppings
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What birds should not be restrained on physics exam?
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-dyspnic
-extremely weak |
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Birds to use minimal restraint on
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-baby birds
-cockatoos |
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Supplies for Physical Exam
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-towel
-gram scale -mouth specula -light source -ear protection -magnifying loupe -grooming equipment |
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First goal of catching a parrot
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-head restrain
*3 finger technique or gently around neck |
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Things to look out for while restraining a bird
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-sternum must be unrestricted
-handler should monitor the bird's status -avoid laying the bird on it back |
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Continuing Education Outlets
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-Association of Avian Veterinarians
-ABVP-Avian |
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Old World Psittacine Species
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-Budgerigar
-Cockatiel -Lovebird -African Grey -cockatoo |
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New World psittacine species
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-Macaw
-Conures -Amazon Parrot |
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Old world passeriformes
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-canaries
-finches |
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Look at bird species pictures
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Look at bird species pics
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