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187 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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A positive taste test (suggests a deficiency) and an alkaline phosphatase lab of <70 U/L indicates a deficiency in what |
Zinc |
Client |
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Client comes in with the changes in neurological functioning attention and memory. Their diet is low and nutrient density and they do not take any supplements which trace mineral could they be deficient in? |
Boron |
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Increased extraction of organic acids in the urine, particularly 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid is a sign of deficiency in what? |
Biotin |
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Bleeding gums might be a sign of what? |
Deficiency in vitamin K and or vitamin C |
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What is the optimal vitamin D range for most people |
40-70 ng/ml |
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The 4Hs of scurvy |
Hematologic Abnormalities Hypochondriasis Hemorrhage Hyperkeratosis |
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The tryptophan and methionine loading tests and erythrocytes transaminase activity assay are used to asses ______ status |
B6 pyridoxine |
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An individual with a seizure disorder may benefit from assessment of which mineral |
Manganese |
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Erythrocyte transketolase Activity is used to determine _____ status |
Thiamin |
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Peak Expiratory Flow (measured regularly) Is helpful in preventing what? |
Asthma attack |
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Tight control of blood sugars by maintaining hemoglobin A-1 C below ———- Can lead to better quality of life for older person with diabetes and result in fewer long-term complications |
6.5 mmols/mol |
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You are working with a client with osteopenia (lower bone density) And want to determine if your dietary and supplement interventions are having a positive short term impact. Which Test is best to assess this? |
N-telopeptides |
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An individual with methylation defects may benefit from assessment and dietary supplement Tatian interventions to normalize the intake or the status of what vitamins |
Folate, arsenic, vitamin B 12 and riboflavin |
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What gene variants is involved in detoxification |
Glutathione S transferase M1 |
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A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that can affect vitamin D status |
VDR |
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What are the most common measures used to assess changes in adults |
Weight and BMI |
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A BMI greater than ———-means a person is obese |
30 |
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A waist to hip ratio greater than 0.95 is considered a health risk for which group of people |
Men and women |
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What is the range for overweight BMI? |
25-29.9 |
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What is a practical marker to determine optimal weight for height and is an indicator of obesity or protein calorie amount nutrition? |
Body mass index |
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What is the best assessment of body fat distribution and an indicator of health risk |
Waist to hip ratio |
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Android Obesity |
A person who holds a fat above the hips |
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Gynoid obesity |
Fat that collects around the hips thighs and breasts. Also known as reproductive fat |
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Bioelectrical impedance analysis is ineffective/unsafe in estimating the body composition for what types of people? |
Individuals with pacemakers, athletes, pregnant women and children |
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List three foods recommended for lowering the risk of osteoporosis and one food not recommended |
Recommended foods: 1) lower sodium diet 2) consumption of traditional soy foods 3) avoid soft drinks. Not recommended: 1) diet rich in animal prison |
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Which screening is considered the gold standard for evaluating bone density? |
DEXA |
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Which food would provide the most significant source of riboflavin missing from a diet? |
Dairy |
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What are the six purposes of medical records? |
Medical, legal, communication, financial, historical and evaluation |
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Which vitamins and minerals would you recommend for someone who has a history of alcoholism? |
All B vitamins, vitamin C, choline and folate |
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What should be considered when including Ethnicity in a nutritional assessment? |
Cultural traditions, believes and cuisine. |
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Clients have the right to the following information about their counselor? |
Confidentiality, procedures and goals of counseling, and counselor qualifications. They do not have the right to know counselor success rates. |
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What is the danger zone that you want to keep your food out of? |
41 - 135 F |
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How long can a food safely be out of the temperature danger zone and still likely remain safe |
1-4 hours |
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Certified organic foods have these characteristics |
Do not contain pesticides, are not irradiated and do not contain GMO ingredients |
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What cooking temperature is generally considered sufficient to destroy pathogenic bacteria and food? |
165 F |
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Hydrogenation |
1) A process that enhances the shelflife of products. 2) The addition of hydrogen to oil in order to make it solid 3) The alteration of the molecular structure of fatty acids |
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Describe the binge purge cycle in bulimia Nervosa |
A large amount of food is consumed Purging in an attempt to alleviate physical discomfort and pain The binge can lead to physical discomfort and shame |
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A client presents with the following signs on the nutritional physical exam: Enlarged salivary gland’s, eroded tooth enamel, a callus on the back of the hand and an increasing number of dental cavities. These findings lead you to suspect which disorder |
Bulimia nervosa |
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And unhealthy obsession with eating foods is known as ——— |
Orthorexia nervosa |
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A probiotic that comes from yeast |
Saccharomyces Boulardii |
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Reliable cues for recognizing excessive exercise |
1) Occurrence at inappropriate times or settings 2) Continues despite injury or medical concerns 3) Interferes with other important activities |
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The dash diet emphasizes what types of food |
Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy and moderately high protein |
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Which diet would be appropriate to use as a diagnostic tool for a patient who has hypertension |
DASH Diet |
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Why would an athlete use creatine? |
To increase lean body mass |
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Which supplement would be most beneficial for chronic heart failure? |
CoQ10 |
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True or false. Dietary supplements need approval by the FDA before they are put on the market for consumers to purchase. |
False |
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True or false Clinical nutritionist should recommend potassium supplements only in consultation with the clients physician or other licensed medical provider |
True |
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What are the warning signs seen in a suspected cystitis infection that should prompt referral to a physician or a licensed healthcare provider |
Blood in the urine, back pain and fever |
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is commonly linked to which condition |
Obesity |
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Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of what conditions? |
Type two diabetes, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis and gallbladder disease |
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Diabetes is diagnosed when fasting blood sugar is higher than —— |
125 mg/dl |
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The DASH diet has been shown to get what results from clients who follow the diet? |
Lower blood pressure, lower LDL/HDL cholesterol ratios and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease |
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A low-sodium diet may offer protection against ______ |
Osteoporosis, gastric cancer and kidney stones |
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Those on a restricted vegetarian diet maybe at an increased risk of a deficiency in what |
B12 & B6 |
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High loading on processed meats, red meat, eggs, refined grains and added sugar is characterized by which diet? |
Western |
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Raw eggs contain a glycoprotein known as avidin which binds vitamins and vitamin like essential nutrients preventing the absorption of what? |
Biotin |
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And iron deficiency can also be associated with a deficiency of ——- |
Riboflavin |
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Vitamin C, oxalates and phytates most affect the absorption of which form of iron? |
Non-heme |
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Elevated polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) in the diet may require additional vitamin _____ in the diet |
Vitamin E |
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What are the benefits of the Mediterranean eating pattern? |
1) The foods they eat 2) eating with family and friends 3) when they eat during the day and night 4) How they eat |
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Which Nutrition intervention would be appropriate for a patient with multiple sclerosis who has been treated with corticosteroids long-term? |
Supplementation with vitamin D and calcium |
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The results of a drug nutrient interaction caused by Co-ingestion of a drug with grapefruit juice is most likely to be: |
Diminished metabolism of the drug resulting in possible toxicity |
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How is zinc related to vitamin B6? |
It is required for phosphatase enzymes for PNP, PMP & PLP |
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An individual with high cholesterol on statin medications should be advised to avoid high doses of which mineral? |
Selenium |
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When working with a client who has metabolic syndrome, which nutrient do you want to be sure to rule out a deficiency in? |
Choline |
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An individual with cholesterol on Statin medications should be advised to avoid high doses of which mineral |
Selenium |
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After surgery which nutritional recommendation will aid in healing? |
Increase protein intake, vitamin E and Bromelain |
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When given methotrexate as a chemotherapy drug, which specific nutrient is blocked? |
Folic Acid |
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Which class of medications is not known to cause hyperkalemia when interacting with potassium supplements? |
Antibiotics |
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What is hyperkalemia |
A high level of potassium in the blood |
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What is the primary biochemical mechanism of Statin drugs (ex: Lipitor) for lowering cholesterol? |
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor |
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What type of female patient has the highest risk for osteoporosis |
A white female who is underweight, had premature menopause, does not exercise and smokes cigarettes |
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Women with very low levels of body fat are at an increased risk for osteoporosis due to decreased levels of ______? |
Estrogen |
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People with type one diabetes need insulin because they: |
No longer synthesize insulin |
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About 1/2 of the people with insomnia are also affected by: |
Depression & anxiety |
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Which of the following fats is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and increased inflammatory response? |
Trans fats |
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What is the etiology of pernicious anemia? |
Decreased intrinsic factor and/or R protein |
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Type two diabetes is caused by insulin resistance, which means when insulin is present insulin sensitive cells ______. |
Do not readily take up glucose |
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Why are activated forms of vitamins recommended In End Stage renal disease? |
Uremic toxins can interfere with activation of some vitamins |
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What chronic condition has a threefold increase in prevalence and those who are obese |
Type 2 diabetes |
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Which tool for gathering dietary information is prospective in nature? |
Food record |
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The Schilling test, du suppression test and MMA can all be used to assess the status of vitamin ____. |
B12 |
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How many minutes per week of exercise is required for minimum benefits? |
150 minutes |
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A young woman comes into your office with bulimia and a history of laxative abuse. Which of the following electrolyte in balances are you most concerned about? |
Hypokalemia (Low potassium) |
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A method of estimating the amount of net fat on the body |
Creatinine-height index (CHI) |
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Contemplation Stage |
Individuals in this stage are more likely to recognize the benefits of changing. However they continue to over estimate the cost of changing and therefore are ambivalent and not ready to take action |
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The stage when you hear your client using statements that begin with “I will...” or “I’m ready to...” or “it is time to...” |
Preparation |
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a disadvantage of the food frequency questionnaire... |
May not include foods appropriate for different ethnicities |
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A deficiency of vitamin _____ may take 3 to 5 years to develop. |
B12 |
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Common errors that occur with the 24 hour diet recall: |
1) The truth may be altered for various reasons 2) Snack items and the use of gravies, sauces and condiments may be underreported 3) The individual may not be able to recall the type or amount of food eaten 4) The intake within the last 24 hours may be unusual |
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Which stage of change is characterized mostly by clients using phrases that begin with “I won’t” or “I can’t” |
Pre-contemplation |
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Best practices when assessing a client’s diet: |
Ensuring the sodium potassium ratio of the overall diet is appropriate and ensuring the glycemic level of the overall diet is appropriate |
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Food allergies are to be suspected with the following nutritional physical exam findings: |
Redness of the external ears, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, dark circles under the eyes and teeth intentions on the tongue |
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Benefits of fiber in the diet |
1) Keeps glucose from rushing into your bloodstream, 2) may stay in your intestines and bulk up stool to create a bowel movement 3) reduces energy intake that can lead to weight loss |
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True or False: The combination of beans and rice yield a complete protein |
True |
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Synthesis of which neurotransmitters require B6 in coenzyme form? |
Norepinephrine Serotonin Dopamine GABA |
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Excessive vitamin ____ in pregnancy can lead to birth defects. |
Vitamin A |
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Essential Amino Acids... |
Cannot be created in the body and must be supplied by the diet |
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A rating system based on a scale of 0-100 that is used to compare the glycemic response of various food |
Glycemic index |
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Three dietary sources of saturated fatty acids |
Milk eggs and meat |
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The approximate recommended optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 |
3:1 |
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Definition: Complete protein sources |
Foods that contain relatively high amounts of all the essential amino acid’s in the appropriate proportions |
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What are the two essential fatty acid’s for adults |
Linoleic and Linolenic |
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The least bioavailable form of vitamin B 12 |
Cyanocobalamin |
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Fermented foods can be a good source of which fat soluble vitamin |
Vitamin K |
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Clams, mussels and oysters are rich in _______ |
B12 |
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Whole grains, eggs and Brewers yeast are rich sources of which trace mineral |
Chromium |
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Raw foods containing ________ are typically a better source of this vitamin than their cooked counterpart. |
Folate |
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Root vegetables, beer and wheat bran are all good sources of _______ |
Silicon |
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Whole grains, egg yolks, nuts and wheat germ are good sources of which fat soluble vitamins |
Vitamin E |
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Three forms of vitamin K used as dietary supplements |
1) phylloquinone 2) MK-4 3) MK-7 |
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Which populations are generally not advised to take iron supplements? |
Men, postmenopausal women and teen girls w/o a known iron deficiency |
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The RDA of iron for vegetarians is ___ higher than the requirement for omnivores. |
1.8 |
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Why should the optimal diet be different from one population to the next? |
1) To address the complex social, economic and political interactions between the food supply and the individual 2) To address the solid genetic basis for nutritional individuality 3) To address the cultural differences in the selection of population specific foods in order to meet Nutritional needs |
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Carotenoids that help prevent photodamage of the retina by absorbing blue light |
Lutein and Zeaxanthin |
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An ideal multivitamin mineral for a healthy middle-aged male adult on an omnivorous diet would contain: |
Zinc and copper without iron |
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List the different types of dietary reference intakes (DRI) measurements |
RDA UL (upper limit) EAR (est. ave. requirements) |
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Beriberi is a disease that results from a deficiency of which vitamin? |
Thiamin |
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Populations at risk for zinc insufficiency include: |
Patients with IBD Children and Adolescents Pregnant and Lactating women |
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Phytochemicals are chemical substances found in ______that protect human body processes and may benefit health |
Plants |
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Irreversible neurological changes (not due to epilepsy) can occur with a deficiency of which B vitamin |
B12 |
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List three provitamin A carotenoids |
Beta-cryptoxanthin Beta-carotene Alpha-carotene |
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Deficiencies of _____ and ______ during pregnancy can increase risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight in infancy |
Iron and zinc |
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A child with learning disabilities and decreased performance at school may have a deficiency of which mineral |
Iodine |
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Breast-feeding rates are higher in which _____ states and lower in _____states |
Western states - higher Southern states - lower |
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Inadequacy of which vitamin at the time of conception increases the risk of having a baby with neural tube defect? |
Folate (B9) |
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Parents can influence the eating behaviors of toddler’s in which way? |
1) How they prepare food 2) When they serve food 3) Food they bring into the house 4) Their attitudes and behaviors around food |
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A survey asking college students how many servings of fruits and veggies they eat is an example of ________ |
Cross-sectional Study |
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A data collection group for a study that does not include a control group |
Case Series |
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Reporting standard employed for research involving randomized trials |
Consort |
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Diabetic ketoacidosis is an example of which imbalance |
Metabolic acidosis |
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The most variable component of energy expenditure |
Activity Thermogenesis |
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To lose 1 pound per week a person would need to eat ______ fewer calories per day |
500 |
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The adipocyte is this site for _______ storage and metabolization |
Triglyceride |
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Which nutrient is responsible for conversion of fat into glucose in the heart muscle |
Carnitine |
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Which food would not be appropriate for a one year old with galactosemia? |
Breast Milk |
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What is the role of cholesterol and phospholipid membrane structure |
Regulate fluidity |
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Important factors to consider in probiotic supplementation |
1) Does the product use raw materials from a reputable supplier 2) is the probiotic shelf stable or does it require refrigeration 3) What species of bacteria is used in the probiotic and in what amount |
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Soluble and insoluble fibers are fermented by _______ |
Bacteria in the colon |
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The majority of the G.I. flora is formed where |
Large intestines |
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The liver requires which B vitamins for the detoxification of drugs and toxins |
Riboflavin (B2) Panthothenic Acid (B5) |
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The liver requires which B vitamins for the detoxification of drugs and toxins |
Riboflavin (B2) Panthothenic Acid (B5) |
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Energy production depends on which minerals |
Phosphorus and magnesium |
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The mineral needed for the conversion of T4 to T3 |
Selenium |
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Which fat soluble vitamin is involved in red blood cell synthesis |
Vitamin A |
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Which fat soluble vitamins play a role in bone health |
Vitamins A, D and K |
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________ supplementation with oral rehydration can decrease the severity of childhood diarrhea |
Zinc |
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________ supplementation with oral rehydration can decrease the severity of childhood diarrhea |
Zinc |
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The average gestation for a full-term infant is _______ weeks while infants born at less than ______ weeks is considered preterm |
40 37 |
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BMI greater than _____ is needed to sustain normal reproductive function in women |
20 |
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The primary purpose of increased body water expansion in pregnancy is ... |
Expand blood flow and nutrient transfer to the placenta and fetus |
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Healthy toddlers are likely to develop diarrhea from... |
Too much fruit juice |
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Breast-fed infants require supplementation with which of the following fat soluble vitamins |
K & D |
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Food insecurity in older adults is associated with in adequate dietary intake especially for which nutrients |
Magnesium, calcium, vitamin E and zinc |
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Insulin in the blood stream is a response to increased blood glucose. What does this response stimulate? |
Glycogen synthesis in the muscles and liver |
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In what form do carbs enter the bloodstream |
Monosaccharides |
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What carrier molecule is required to get long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta oxidation |
Carnitine |
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What occurs as a result of Cortizone release from the adrenal glands |
1) Increased degradation of muscle protein 2) Increased glycogen synthesis 3) Activation of gluconeogenesis 4) Activation of the urea cycle |
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When the diet is lacking in major amino acid’s such as lysine, glycine or methionine, which of the following will take place? |
Protein synthesis will be limited |
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A fatty acid containing two or more carbon-carbon double bonds in its back bone is a ______ fatty acid |
Polyunsaturated |
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Diet high in __________ have been linked to a decrease risk of preeclampsia |
Plant Food |
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The study of how environmental factors affect gene expression is called _______ |
Nutrigenomics |
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What component of the buffer reacts with dilute sodium hydroxide to maintain constant pH |
Acid |
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Involved in regulation of DNA replication, cellular proliferation and other gene mediated cellular responses because it attaches to histones |
Biotine |
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Research has studied the effects of which two hormones on the regulation of appetite and fat storage |
Ghrelin & Leptin |
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The intestinal microbiome can affect levels of _____ and ____ but not ______ |
Biotin Choline Vitamin C |
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In what form do carbs enter the bloodstream |
Monosaccharides |
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_______ Status can be influenced by the individuals microbiome (as in it can metabolized some nutrients prior to it having a chance to absorb) |
Choline |
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What are the roles of the intestinal microflora |
1) beneficial residence of the G.I. tract 2)Synthesize small amounts of fatty acids, some B vitamins and vitamin K 3) Can cause gas |
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Why is fiber helpful in reducing Serum cholesterol |
1) Fiber binds to bile and cholesterol for removal from the G.I. tract 2)Fiber reduces the glycemic response of a meal, lowers insulin and it results in cholesterol synthesis 3)Fiber increases satiety which can decrease food intake, decreased glucose, decrease insulin and decreases cholesterol synthesis |
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Acid-base balance refers to ______ |
The control of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids |
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Omega 6 fatty acids have.... |
A double bond b/t carbons 6&7 |
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What is the best practice for estimating caloric needs manually |
Mifflin-St Jeor Method |
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BMI Is not an accurate representation of body fat for which groups of people |
1) People with little muscle mass 2) Athletes with large percentage of muscle 3) People with large dense bones 4)Dehydrated individuals |
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What are the three main components of total energy expenditure (TEE) |
Basal metabolism, physical activity & thermic effect of food |
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On average lean body mass decreases by ______ per decade from age 30 to 70 |
2-3% |
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Morbidly obese patients are likely experiencing _______ with regards to their adipocytes, which can make a sustained weight loss more difficult |
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy |
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Maintaining integrity of the mucosal barrier depends on which fat soluble vitamin |
Vitamin A |
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List the parts of the digestive function |
Defecation, digestion, ingestion and absorption |
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List the parts of the small intestines |
Duodenum - Connects to stomach Iluem - Connects to colon Jejunum - middle |
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Parts of the large intestines |
1) Ascending colon – includes the cecum and appendix 2) Transverse colon includes Colic flexures, transverse Mesocolon 3) Descending colon 4) sigmoid colon - S shaped region of the large intestines 5) The rectum |
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Most of the water in our digestive tract is ______ absorbed in the _____ |
Passively Small Intestines |
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Digestive motility involves which types of muscles |
Longitudinal, oblique and circular |
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As red blood cells die, the iron is recycled and stored in the liver as _________ |
Ferritin |
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Most of the enzymatic reactions involving vitamin B6 involve ______ |
Amino acid metabolism |
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Bile facilitates the absorption of which vitamin |
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) |
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How is iron status affected by low stomach acid (either due to hypochlorrhydria or achlorrhydria or as a result of medication)? |
Absorption of iron is impeded so lower iron status is likely |
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