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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what are the six nutrient classes

carb


fat/lipid


protein


vitamins


minerals


water

................. is what we use as the primary source of protein.
a carb
............ provides energy for a long period of tme
fat
most people take in way too much .......... why is this problematic?

protein.


it makes the liver and kidneys work too hard and can cause damage to those organs.

.............. gets broken down into amino acids. where are these amino acids broken down?

protein


liver.

what is the process of breaking down amino acids called?
deamination
what molecule comes out as uria when taken in?
amino acids
how many amino acids are needed to make up 1 full protein chain?
21
.......... help you to use carbs as a fuel source.
vitamins. specifically vitamin b.
............ is the sugar that's around in your blood
glucose
............ is the sugar that's stored around in your muscles
glycogen
taking the glucose stored in your blood and bringing it into the muscles to store as energy. what is this process of glucose to glycogen called? happens during recovery
glucogenesis
non carbo source to glucose. you can make carbs as fuel from all kinds of stuff. what is this process called?
gluconeogensis
taking glycogen from the muscles and bringing it out into the blood to be used as an energy fuel source. what is this process called. it happens during exercise
glucogenolysis
............ provide energy during high intensity exercise. regulates fat and protein metabolism
carbs
the brain prefers what fuel source more than any thing else?
glucose from carbs
............... elevate blood glucose levels and rely on insulin to move them into the cells. great recovery fuel source.
simple sugars
.......... require more time to breakdown. they also produce smaller and slower rise in blood glucose levels.
complex sugars
............. is a compound fat that is the good cholesterol and acts as a taxi cab for fat transportation to the liver for processing it. it increases with exercise.
hdl
........... is a compound fat that is the bad cholesterol and carriers fat in excess throughout the body which can cause hearts disease through blood clots.
ldl
which has more hydrogen lipids or carbs.
lipids
where are hydrogens broken down. 90 percent happens in one and 10 percent in glycolysis.
mitochondria of our cells
the use of ........... for energy production can delay exhaustion.
free fatty acids
................ help maintain tissues, and produce hemoglobin, enzymes, and hormones.
protein
when can protein can be used as a fuel source
exercise above 2 hours. like long distance runners
which vitamins that help break down carbs and excess gets excreted out through urine?

b and c

stored vitamin ............... is in muscle and fat
e
.............. helps form hemoglobin and myoglobin levels.
iron
which ions normal cardiac rhythm, normal osmotic equilibrium, and maintain water balance.

na


k


cl

what enzyme breaks down ATP to ADP+P
ATP ase
how many calories of energy get released with the break down of 1ATP molecule
7.3 calorires
what enzymes glues ADP+P+ phosphor creaetine back together?
creatine kinase
at what step in glycolysis does Pospho fructo kinase (PFK) enzyme split the glucose into 2 3carbon molecules
3
how many net ATP do you get out of glycolysis
2
if no oxygen is present or readily available anymore then what happens to the pyruvate during glycolysis?
lactate can form, which is an acid. if you get too acidic, then your muscles can't contract anymore.
what is the molecular formula for pyruvate? what about lactate?

c3h403


c3h603

what is lactate?
a storage bin for hydrogen ions
what system acts as an immediate system
atp/pc
which system acts as a short term sysem?
glycolysis
which two systems are considered aerobic systems?

Krebs cycle


ets

what are the advantages of using an atp/pc system?

doesn't require oxygen


its fast


involves very few chemical reactions

what are the disadvantages of using an atp/pc system?

it is inefficient


last 8-10 seconds with out pc


last 15-30 with pc


very little atp produced

what is the real purpose for glycolysis since it's not really used as an energy source?
its makes pyruvate, pyruvate is a fuel that can be used in many different forms.
the ............ is what makes all the h ion and sents them to the ets.
Krebs cycle
........... is what spins the kreb cycle?
pyruvate
what does the Krebs cycle do with hydrogen ions
transport them to the ETS
TRUE OR FALSE lactate doesn't make you sore.
true
what enzyme is responsible for converting lactate back to pyruvate?
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
pyruvate to lactate is oxidation or reduction?
reduction. it becomes more acidic
what is the cori cycle?
when lactate gets converted back to glucose
what are the advantages of anaerobic glycolysis
it doesn't require oxygen and is fast
what does anaerobic glycolysis produce
mildly acidic fuel (lactate)