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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the six nutrient classes
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carb fat/lipid protein vitamins minerals water |
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................. is what we use as the primary source of protein.
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a carb
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............ provides energy for a long period of tme
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fat
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most people take in way too much .......... why is this problematic?
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protein. it makes the liver and kidneys work too hard and can cause damage to those organs. |
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.............. gets broken down into amino acids. where are these amino acids broken down?
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protein liver. |
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what is the process of breaking down amino acids called?
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deamination
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what molecule comes out as uria when taken in?
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amino acids
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how many amino acids are needed to make up 1 full protein chain?
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21
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.......... help you to use carbs as a fuel source.
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vitamins. specifically vitamin b.
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............ is the sugar that's around in your blood
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glucose
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............ is the sugar that's stored around in your muscles
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glycogen
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taking the glucose stored in your blood and bringing it into the muscles to store as energy. what is this process of glucose to glycogen called? happens during recovery
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glucogenesis
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non carbo source to glucose. you can make carbs as fuel from all kinds of stuff. what is this process called?
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gluconeogensis
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taking glycogen from the muscles and bringing it out into the blood to be used as an energy fuel source. what is this process called. it happens during exercise
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glucogenolysis
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............ provide energy during high intensity exercise. regulates fat and protein metabolism
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carbs
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the brain prefers what fuel source more than any thing else?
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glucose from carbs
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............... elevate blood glucose levels and rely on insulin to move them into the cells. great recovery fuel source.
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simple sugars
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.......... require more time to breakdown. they also produce smaller and slower rise in blood glucose levels.
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complex sugars
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............. is a compound fat that is the good cholesterol and acts as a taxi cab for fat transportation to the liver for processing it. it increases with exercise.
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hdl
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........... is a compound fat that is the bad cholesterol and carriers fat in excess throughout the body which can cause hearts disease through blood clots.
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ldl
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which has more hydrogen lipids or carbs.
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lipids
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where are hydrogens broken down. 90 percent happens in one and 10 percent in glycolysis.
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mitochondria of our cells
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the use of ........... for energy production can delay exhaustion.
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free fatty acids
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................ help maintain tissues, and produce hemoglobin, enzymes, and hormones.
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protein
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when can protein can be used as a fuel source
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exercise above 2 hours. like long distance runners
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which vitamins that help break down carbs and excess gets excreted out through urine?
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b and c |
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stored vitamin ............... is in muscle and fat
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e
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.............. helps form hemoglobin and myoglobin levels.
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iron
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which ions normal cardiac rhythm, normal osmotic equilibrium, and maintain water balance.
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na k cl |
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what enzyme breaks down ATP to ADP+P
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ATP ase
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how many calories of energy get released with the break down of 1ATP molecule
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7.3 calorires
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what enzymes glues ADP+P+ phosphor creaetine back together?
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creatine kinase
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at what step in glycolysis does Pospho fructo kinase (PFK) enzyme split the glucose into 2 3carbon molecules
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3
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how many net ATP do you get out of glycolysis
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2
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if no oxygen is present or readily available anymore then what happens to the pyruvate during glycolysis?
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lactate can form, which is an acid. if you get too acidic, then your muscles can't contract anymore.
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what is the molecular formula for pyruvate? what about lactate?
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c3h403 c3h603 |
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what is lactate?
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a storage bin for hydrogen ions
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what system acts as an immediate system
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atp/pc
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which system acts as a short term sysem?
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glycolysis
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which two systems are considered aerobic systems?
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Krebs cycle ets |
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what are the advantages of using an atp/pc system?
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doesn't require oxygen its fast involves very few chemical reactions |
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what are the disadvantages of using an atp/pc system?
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it is inefficient last 8-10 seconds with out pc last 15-30 with pc very little atp produced |
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what is the real purpose for glycolysis since it's not really used as an energy source?
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its makes pyruvate, pyruvate is a fuel that can be used in many different forms.
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the ............ is what makes all the h ion and sents them to the ets.
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Krebs cycle
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........... is what spins the kreb cycle?
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pyruvate
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what does the Krebs cycle do with hydrogen ions
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transport them to the ETS
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TRUE OR FALSE lactate doesn't make you sore.
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true
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what enzyme is responsible for converting lactate back to pyruvate?
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lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
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pyruvate to lactate is oxidation or reduction?
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reduction. it becomes more acidic
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what is the cori cycle?
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when lactate gets converted back to glucose
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what are the advantages of anaerobic glycolysis
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it doesn't require oxygen and is fast
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what does anaerobic glycolysis produce
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mildly acidic fuel (lactate)
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