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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition: Muscular strength
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maximal force that can be produced by a muscle or muscle group
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Definition: Muscular power
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rapid application of force
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Definition: Muscular endurance
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ability of muscle to repeatedly generate force
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What happens to our muscles when we exercise?
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Structural changes, metabolic changes
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3 Rules of recruitment
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1. size principal-small fibers get recruited first
2. >70% force is required to activate Type II b fiber 3. Type I fibers are always recruited |
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Causes of muscle soreness, immediate and later
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immediate- ion accumulation, drop in pH, acidity in muscle
later- rebuilding of muscle fibers, microtramas |
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muscular strength in children
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there is a linear relationship between strength and age - until puberty.
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muscular strength in adults
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body mass (kgs), body composition, testosterone, maturation of neural pathways.
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muscular training in children
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empahasis should be on form and technique, not competition.
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what causes muscular strength as we age?
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inactivity, muscle atrophy, neural input.
-type 2 muscle atrophy, no longer important to maintain strength |
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what can slow decline in muscle strength as we age?
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continued anaerobic training.
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muscular differences in sex and causes
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males are better in every aspect even when adjusted for lean body mass. males have longer limbs and more optimal body composition.
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what determines muscular strength?
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increase number of myofibrils
more actin and myosin cross bridges |
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Definition: Muscle hypertrophy
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muscle fiber growth
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Definition: muscle hyperplasia
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increase in number of muscle fibers
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what metabolic factors determine muscular strength ?
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increased substrate storage, increased enzyme activity
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what neural adaptations determine muscular strength ?
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responsible for early strength gains, synchronization-more motor units recruited at same time, reduce antagonist muscles
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Definition: specificity
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the more specific the training stimulus the greater the training adaptation
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Definition: training variables
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frequency, intensity and time FIT
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Definition: overload
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training loads must progressively increase
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Definition: individualization
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training programs should be specific to athlete
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Definition: reversibility
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training adaptations will go away if the training stimulus is removed
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Definition: periodization
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training intensity and volume change with the sports season (microcycles vs macrocycles)
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Definition: overtraining
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excessive training leading to fatigue, illness and poor performance.
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Difference between measuring power and strength?
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power takes speed into account
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Heart beat, systolic
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when the heart contracts
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Heart beat, diastolic
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when the heart is relaxed
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Definition: tachyacardia
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rapid heart rate
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Definition: bradycardia
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slowed heart rate
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Definition: venous blood flow
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towards to the heart
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Definition: arterial blood flow
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away from the heart
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Athletes heart paradox
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exercise creates hypertension during but it lowers pressure next 12 hours. however hypertension leads to congestive heart failure.
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Definition: stroke volume
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how much blood leaves the heart each beat. diastolic volume-systolic volume
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Definition: cardiac output
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volume of blood circulating throughout the body each minute, Q
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Q=?
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HR x SV
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arteriole ventricular difference
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a-v02diff
amount of o2 in arteries minus o2 in veins, tells you how much o2 was delivered to tissues |
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Definition: VO 2max
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maximal oxygen uptake during full body dynamic exercise. gold standard of measuring max aerobic capacity.
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what variables influence an individuals VO2max?
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genetics, physiology, training, gender
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How do we measure VO2max?
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incremental test to voluntary exhaustion
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Q x a-VO2diff
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VO2max
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Definition: ventilation (vt)
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volume of air inspired with each breath
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Definition: Breathing frequency (bf)
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number of breaths inspired per min.
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Definition: Minute Ventilation (Ve)
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Volume of air ventilated (breathed) in a minute
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bf x Vt =
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Ve
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