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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition: Metabolism
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the breakdown of food to create ATP
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Definition: ATP
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Adenosine triphosphate.
high energy phosphate; universal fuel source. When Phosphate groups are broken, you create energy. |
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Athlete's Paradox
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Athlete's and morbidly obese people have massive amounts of IMTG. Great for athletes, awful for obese.
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Definition: Substrate
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substance acted upon by an enzyme.
aka Macronutrient |
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3 types of Macronutrients
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Carbohydrates, Fat, Protein.
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Carbohydrates; stored as, location and kcal/g
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Glycogen- muscle/liver
Gluclose-blood 4 kcal/g |
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Fat; stored as, location and kcal/g
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IMTG-muscle
FFA-bloodstream 9 kcal/g |
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Protein; stored as, location and kcal/g
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Amino acids-everywhere
4 kcal/g |
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Definition: Resting metabolic rate
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energy expended at rest (like sitting on a couch)
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Definition: Basal metabolic rate
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minimum energy expended (to have lungs expand, vital organs)
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Direct Calorimetry
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measures body heat lost
(in a box) |
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Indirect calorimetry
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Measures Respiratory exchange ratio (RER)
co2/o2 |
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Respiratory quotient vs RER
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moles co2/moles o2
co2/o2 respectively |
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Definition: Monosaccharides
two types |
simple sugars, building blocks to all carbohydrates.
Glucose, Fructose |
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Definition: Disaccharides
3 types and composition |
two simple sugars bonded together
sucrose (gluclose + fructose), lactose (gluclose + galactose), maltose (gluclose +gluclose) |
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Definition: Polysaccharides
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Many simple sugars bonded together.
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Carbohydrates-energy needs
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Average: 55-60% calories
Active: 60-70% calories 30 grams fiber-plant polysaccharide |
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What happens to carbohydrates after digestion?
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1. used by cell for energy
2. stored as glycogen 3. Converted to fats |
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Definition: Glycogenesis
happens when: |
formation of glycogen from glucose molecules.
carbohydrates are stored as glycogen. |
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Definition: Glyconeogenesis
happens when: |
formation of glucose from other carbon compounds.
carbohydrates converted to fats. |
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Where and in what quantities are carbohydrates stored in?
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Muscle- 375 g
Liver- 100 g Blood- 15-20 g |
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We need carbohydrates for....
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energy source, protein sparing, fuel for CNS
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Definition: Triacylglycerol
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main fat (lipid) storage in body
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Definition: Phosphoacylglycerol
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lipid that adds structure to cell membranes
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IMTG structure vs FFA structure
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IMTG is made of one carbon group connected by three FFA.
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What do we need fat for...
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energy source and reserve, protection and insulation, vitamin carrier and hunger depressor
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Saturated fat/unsaturated fat
requirements and structure |
Total fat intake <30% of caloric intake
Saturated fat intake <10% Unsaturated is missing two H, has a kink. Saturated is readily stored |
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Protein are composed of...
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linked amino acids
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essential vs. non essential amino acids
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essential- we cannot form them, must accquire through food.
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Complete vs. incomplete protein
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complete protein has all amino acids.
incomplete protein doesn't have all amino acids. |
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what do we need protein for...
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body mass, tissue growth, structural, enzymes, hormones, energy expenditure.
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Protein-energy needs in adults, children, injured/sick
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adults- .8 g/kg of body mass
infants and growing children- 2-4 g/kg of body mass additional required if you're nursing, battling disease... |
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Definition: Body composition
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structural components of the human body (muscle, bone, fat)
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Definition:Anthropometry
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measurments of human bodies
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Types of anthropometry
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all have 3% error, except hydrostatic weighing, has only 1.5% error.
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Gatorade vs. water
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carbohydrate consumption during resistance training reults in more repetitions and sets than water alone.
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optimal carbohydrate intake for sports
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200-300g should be ingested during the 4 hours before exercise
30-60 g should be ingested every hour during exercise. |
