Exercise Physiology Exam 1

Front 1

1. Which of the above represents the Axon?
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D

Back 1

B (See Dia A- axon chart)

Front 2

2. Which of the above represents the motor end plate?
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D

Back 2

A. (See Dia A-axon chart)

Front 3

3. Which of the following represents is not true about the resting membrane potential?
A.The resting membrane potential is sustained partly by the actions of the sodium (Na+)/potassium (K+) pump.
B.The membrane potential will become more negative during an action potential (AP)
C.It is subject to excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory post synaptic potentials (lPSPs)
D.The resting membrane potential is negative

Back 3

B. The membrane potential will become more negative during an action potential (AP)

Front 4

4. True or False. Steroid hormones. unlike polypeptide hormones, exert their effect(s) directly in the cell nucleus. A. True B. False

Back 4

A. True

Front 5

For questions 5-7, please determine if the following descriptive statement is characteristic of a neurotransmitter or hormone:
5. Neurotransmitter or Hormone: Allows neurons to communicate with each other A. Neurotransmitter B. Hormone

Back 5

A. Neurotransmitter

Front 6

6. Neurotransmitter or Hormone: Released from a gland (e.g. adrenal medulla)

A. Neurotransmitter
B. Hormone

Back 6

B. Hormone

Front 7

7. Neurotransmitter or Hormone: Catecholamine
A. Neurotransmitter B. Hormone

Back 7

B. Hormone

Front 8

8. Which of the following responses is a characteristic response of the sympathetic nervous system?
A. Increased gastric motility (e.g. digestion)
B. Decreased heart rate
C. Increased oxygen consumption (VO2)
D. Decreased muscular strength

Back 8

C. Increased oxygen consumption (VO2)

Front 9

9. True or False. The parasympathetic nervous system is dominant just prior to starting a race or competition.
A. True B. False

Back 9

B. False

Front 10

10. Which of the following hormones could cause hypoglycemia if a high fructose (sugar) meal/beverage is consumed just prior to exercise?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Growth hormone
D. Testosterone

Back 10

B. Insulin

Front 11

11.Which of the following hormones would most likely be released during a long distance activity (e.g. like running an ultra marathon> 3 hours) to help prevent dehydration?
A. Cortisol
B. antidiuretic hormone
C. Glycerol
D. Norepinephrine

Back 11

B. antidiuretic hormone

Front 12

12. Which of the following hormones is considered “catabolic” and is released when blood glucose levels are extremely low?
A. Cortisol
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Growth hormone
D. Testosterone

Back 12

A. Cortisol

Front 13

13. True or False. Which of the following arc considered “catecholamines” ?
A. cortisol/Antidiuretic hormone
B. Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
C. Growth hormone/Norepinehprine
D.Glycerol/Epinephrine

Back 13

B. Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Front 14

14. Which of the following statements is true concerning the above diagram? (See dia B)
A. The reaction has a negative AG, and is exergonic.
B. The reaction has a positive AG, and is exergonic.
C. The reaction has a negative AG, and is endergonic.
D. The final state (B) has more energy than the initial state (A)

Back 14

A. The reaction has a negative AG, and is exergonic (see chart b)

Front 15

15. True or False. Like every reaction, this reaction would proceed spontaneously, without the need of an enzyme.
A.True B. False

Back 15

B. False

Front 16

16. Which of the following energetic pathways would not be dominant during the first 10 seconds of high-intensity exercise? (Of note, ATP== adenosine triphosphate; ADP adenosine diphosphate, AMP= adenosine monophosphate, Pi= inorganic phosphate, Cr= creatine. 02= oxygen, H20= water, C = carbon, H= hydrogen, and PCr= phosphocreatine)
A. ATP + H2O atpase ADP + Pi + PI+ heat +Energy
B. ADP + PCr crealinc kmase ATP+ Cr
C. C57H104O6 + 80 O2 --> 57 CO2 + 52 H20
D. ADP +ADP myoklnasc ATP + AMP

Back 16

C. C57H104O6 + 80 O2 --> 57 CO2 + 52 H20

Front 17

17. In the diagram above(Dia C), which line would represent the dominant energetic pathway within the first 10 seconds of high-intensity activity?
A. A, because it represents oxidative energy sources
B. A. because it represents immediate energy sources
C. B, because it represents immediate energy sources
D. C. because it represents oxidative energy sources

Back 17

B. A. because it represents immediate energy sources (see chart c)

Front 18

18. Which of the following metabolic pathways would glycogen he utilized?
A. Glycolysis
B. Immediate energy system
C. Beta oxidation
D. Gluconeogenesis

Back 18

A. Glycolysis

Front 19

19. What is the hormone and translocation protein responsible for bringing glucose from the blood stream into the muscle cell during exercise’?
A. Cortisol and Norepinephrine
B. Growth hormone and Norepinephrine
C. Glucagon and GLUT 4
D. Insulin and GLUT 4

Back 19

D. Insulin and GLUT 4

Front 20

20. Which enzyme is responsible for phosphorylating (adding a phosphate) glucose:therefore, trapping it into the cell for subsequent glycolysis or storage?
A. Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
B. Hexokinase
C. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)
D. Glycogen phosphorylase

Back 20

B. Hexokinase

Front 21

21. Which enzyme is responsible for regulating glycolysis (e.g. also known as the rate-limiting step in glycolysis)?
A. Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
B. Hexokinase
C. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
D. Glycogen phosphorylase

Back 21

A. Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Front 22

22. Which enzyme is responsible for influencing the formation of lactate versus pyruvate, and can be influenced with training (endurance versus high intensity)?
A. Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
B. Hexokinase
C. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
D. Glycogen phosphorylase

Back 22

C. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Front 23

23. Which of the following conditions would increase the production of lactate?
A. A trained cyclist maintaining a steady state volume of oxygen uptake (V01) at intensity 50% of his/her maximum VO2max
B. A trained sprint athlete with a high amount of LDHm (muscular type) enzyme activity during a race, and the need of the glycolytic pathway at a fast rate
C. A trained endurance runner with a high amount of LDHh (heart type) enzyme activity during a race, and the need of the glycolytic pathway at a slow rate
D. An increased ability of the mitochondria to accept the reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH), thus plenty of 02 in the electron transport chain.

Back 23

B. A trained sprint athlete with a high amount of LDHm (muscular type) enzyme activity during a race, and the need of the glycolytic pathway at a fast rate.

Front 24

24. True or False. The accumulation of lactate will begin to inhibit the regulatory enzyme of glycolysis.
A. True B False

Back 24

A. True

Front 25

25. Which of the following is not characteristic of B-oxidation?
A. Results in NADH and FADH formation
B. Results in lactate formation
C. Results in Acetyl CoA formation
D. Utilizes free fatty acids

Back 25

B. Results in lactate formation

Front 26

26. Which of the following metabolic pathways would produce the greatest (net) amount of ATP?
A. 3 molecules of glycogen (from stored glycogen in the muscle) metabolized to lactate
B. 4 molecules of glucose (transported in the blood stream from the liver) metabolized to lactate
C. 3 molecules of glycogen metabolized to H20
D. 16 carbon fatty acid metabolized to H20

Back 26

D. 16 carbon fatty acid metabolized to H20

Front 27

27. Which of the following metabolic pathways would produce the least (net) amount of ATP?
A. 3 molecules of glycogen (from stored glycogen in the muscle) metabolized to lactate
B. 4 molecules of glucose (transported in the blood stream from the liver) metabolized to lactate
C. 3 molecules of glycogen metabolized to H20
D. 16 carbon fatty acid metabolized to H20

Back 27

B. 4 molecules of glucose (transported in the blood stream from the liver) metabolized to lactate

Front 28

28. Which of the following is true concerning the Krebs cycle?
A. It produces an equivalent of ATP (which is (GTP), NADH. and FADH
B. Acetyl CoA produces LDH
C. It is regulated by PFK
D. None of the products formed are shuttled to the electron transport chain

Back 28

A. It produces an equivalent of ATP (which is (GTP), NADH. and FADH

Front 29

29. Which of following substrates would yield the highest amount of ATP over a long period of time (e.g. >60 minutes)?
A. Glucose from the bloodstream metabolized via g]ycolysis
B. Glucose stored in the muscle metabolized via glycolysis
C. Phosphocreatine regenerating ATP
D. Free fatty acid metabolized via B-oxidation

Back 29

D. Free fatty acid metabolized via B-oxidation

Front 30

30. Which of the following is true concerning lactate (and the associated H+ ion) production during exercise?
A. Lactate (and the associated H+ ion) clearance is unaffected with endurance exercise training.
B. Lactate (and the associated H+ ion) only accumulates at low intensity exercise (e.g. 30-40% VO2max)
C. Lactate (and the associated H+ ion) increases the activity of PFK
D. Active recovery helps reduce lactate (and the associated H+ ion) concentration

Back 30

D. Active recovery helps reduce lactate (and the associated H+ ion) concentration

Front 31

31. True or False. Resting ATP concentration can be significantly increased with exercise training, and may increase performance. A. True B. False

Back 31

B. False

Front 32

32. True or False. Resting PCr concentration can he significantly increased with supplementation in conjunction with exercise training, and may increase performance.
A. True B. False

Back 32

A. True

Front 33

33. If lactate is converted back into pyruvate and NADH during exercise, where will the NADH go?
A. Into the Krehs cycle for further metabolism
B. Electron transport chain for further metabolism
C. Nowhere, it will just he stored in the muscle
D. It will be converted into insulin

Back 33

B. Electron transport chain for further metabolism

Front 34

34. Which of the following tests warrant several visits to a laboratory for repeated testing at different intensities?
A. Maximal lactate steady sate (MLSS)
B. Lactate threshold (LT)
C. VOmax
D. Wingate

Back 34

A. Maximal lactate steady sate (MLSS)

Front 35

35. Which of following 3 main energy systems supply the greatest potential amount of ATP?

A. Immediate energy systems
B. Non oxidative
C. Oxidative

Back 35

C. Oxidative

Front 36

36. What does VO2 represent?

A. A measure of pulmonary health

B. A measure of lactate production versus removal

C. Enzyme efficiency
D. A measurement of cardio-respiratory fitness

Back 36

D. A measurement of cardio-respiratory fitness

Front 37

37. Who will reach a plateau steady state V0 2 (steady state) faster during constant intensity exercise?
A. Endurance trained individual
B. Untrained individual

Back 37

A. Endurance trained individual

Front 38

38. Who will have a greater 02 deficit at the beginning of exercise?
A. Endurance trained individual
B. Untrained individual

Back 38

B. Untrained individual

Front 39

39, Who will have a higher lactate measurement when running at 8 miles/hour?
A. Endurance trained individual
B. Untrained individual.

Back 39

B. Untrained individual

Front 40

40. Who will have a higher relative V02 max?
A. Endurance trained individual
B. Untrained individual

Back 40

A. Endurance trained individual

Front 41

41. Which of the following describes(Defines) a metabolic equivalency (MET)?

A. Measures lactate formation
B. Measures intensity of exercise and is equal to 3.5 ml 02/kg/min
C. Measures substrate utilization
D. Resting metabolic rate

Back 41

B. Measures intensity of exercise and is equal to 3.5 ml 02/kg/min

Front 42

42. What effect does high intensity training have on Phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration
A. Increases phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration
B. Decreases phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration
C. Has no effect on phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration

Back 42

A. Increases phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration

Front 43

43. What effect does endurance training have on mitochondria density and fatty acid use during exercise?

A. Increases mitochondria density and Fatty acid use
B. Decreases mitochondria density and Fatty acid use
C. Has no effect on mitochondria density and fatly acid use

Back 43

A. Increases mitochondria density and Fatty acid use

Front 44

44. Which of the following statements best represents relative V02?
A. Represents oxygen uptake relative to body weight
B. Represents carbon dioxide uptake relative to body weight
C. Represent oxygen production relative to body weight
D. Represents carbon dioxide production relative to body weight

Back 44

A. Represents oxygen uptake relative to body weight

Front 45

45. Which of the following statements best represents resting metabolic rate (RMR)?
A. Represents the sum of all metabolic activity at rest
B. Represents maximal oxygen consumption
C. Represents the sum of all metabolic activity at maximal exercise
D. Is not related to lean body mass

Back 45

A. Represents the sum of all metabolic activity at rest

Front 46

46. Which of the following statements is true concerning kcals?
A. Represents the sum of all metabolic activity at rest
B. Represents maximal oxygen consumption during exercise
C. The amount used is linearly related to the amount of oxygen consumed during exercise
D. The amount used is inversely related to the amount of oxygen consumed during exercise

Back 46

C. The amount used is linearly related to the amount of oxygen consumed during exercise

Front 47

47. Which of the following is not a laboratory/field test used to assess the immediate energy system
A. Wingate test
B. 1 mile walk
C. Jump test

Back 47

B. 1 mile walk

Front 48

48. From the correct answer in question 47, what would this test (e.g. the correct answer from question 47) indirectly estimate (measure)?
A.POWER
B. Fatigue index
C. VO2max

Back 48

C. VO2 max

Front 49

49. Which of the following will supply energy during the oxygen deficit stage of exercise?
A. Immediate energy system
B. Glycolysis with an end product of H20 (e.g. slow glycolysis)
C. B-oxidation

Back 49

A. Immediate energy system

Front 50

50. At what intensity would muscle glycogen supply the greatest amount of energy?
A. Low intensity (40% VO2max)
B. High intensity (90% VO2max)

Back 50

B. High intensity (90% VO2max)

Front 51

BONUS #1 Which of the following represents the highest intensity of exercise? A. 10 METS B. 5 times a person’s resting energy level (estimated) C. 38 mL O2/kg/min - D. Energy level of sitting in class

Back 51

c. 38 mL/kg/min

Front 52

BONUS #2. consider the following information: 2 subjects running on a treadmill at the same speed (8 miles per hour): Subject A running at a V02 of 4.200 L/min and weighs 154 lbs (pounds) Subject B running at a V02 of 3.890 L/min and weighs 147 lbs (pounds) According to relative V02 values running at this speed, which subject is in better shape (e.g. more efficient)?

A. Subject A

B. Subject B

Back 52

B. Subject B