Exercise Phys. Chapters 1-3

Front 1

The period of Physiology before 1900?

Back 1

(1500-1900)

Front 2

The period of the Beginnings of Exercise (Work) Physiology?

Back 2

(1900-1950)

Front 3

The period of ACSM and Beyond

Back 3

(1957-)

Front 4

Whose theories were unchallenged til the 1500s [primarily anatomy, not physiology]?

Back 4

Galenos

Front 5

Who conducted the 1st metabolic study[showed utilization of macronutrients]?

Back 5

Santorio Santorio

Front 6

Who was famous for his circulatory discoveries [closed system, capillaries]?

Back 6

William Harvey

Front 7

Who was famous for his microcope improvements and muscle physiology?

Back 7

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

Front 8

Who was famous for oxygen and combustion; 1st exercise physiology study; calories?

Back 8

Antonine Laurent Lavoisier

Front 9

Who was famous for Glucose metabolism?

Back 9

Claude Bernard

Front 10

Who was a digestion pioneer; open gastric fistula in patient who was shot in abdomen allowed for gastric physiology studies?

Back 10

William Beaumont

Front 11

Who wrote the 1st exercise physiology text? There was an emphasis on 'work' physiology at this time.

Back 11

Lagrange

Front 12

Who is the 'Father or Exercise Physiology'?

Back 12

August Krogh

Front 13

Who studied muscle physiology and whole athlete [including VO2 max measurements and steady state]?

Back 13

A.V. Hill

Front 14

What is the basis for much modern exercise physiology [with beginnings in work physiology] [business school location originally, not a lab]?

Back 14

Harvard Fatigue Lab

Front 15

Key figure at Harvard Fatigue Lab?

Back 15

D.B. Dill

Front 16

Examples of applied exercise?

Back 16

-Performance of elite athletes
-Fluid balance during exercise
-Performance and ergogenic aids

Front 17

Examples of basic exercise?

Back 17

-Central peripheral adaption to exercise
-Atrophic muscle signaling with aging and exercise
-Substrate utilization profiles with varying exercise intensities

Front 18

List 4 components of Physical Fitness?

Back 18

-Aerobic Fitness
-Muscular Strength & Endurance
-Flexibility
-Body Composition

Front 19

What's the difference of homeostasis and steady state?

Back 19

Homeostasis: The dynamic process of maintaining a constant internal environment at rest of unstressed conditions [normal level].

Steady state: A physiological variable that is at a steady and unchanging level [not necessarily normal]

Front 20

Who is the Glucose 'guru'?

Back 20

Bernard

Front 21

Who is the 'homeostasis originator'?

Back 21

Cannon

Front 22

Activity level is determined in ________ by environmental temperature.

Back 22

heterotherms

Front 23

Metabolism is the internal source of heat that allows for _________.

Back 23

endothermy/homeothermy

Front 24

What is 'Dynamic Constancy' and why it occurs?

Back 24

Aeterial blood pressure oscillates over time, but mean arterial blood pressure is constant. The oscillation is due to delay in negative feedback.

Front 25

The body rarely or always maintains true homeostasis? Give examples.

Back 25

Rarely.

-pH drops somewhat
-O2 debt occurs
-Body temp. does increase during heavy exercise (especially in hot and humid conditions)

Front 26

What can be considered the largest benefit of exercise training?

Back 26

Homeostasis.

Front 27

Define Metabolism (general or specific)?

Back 27

Sum of ALL chemical reations that occur in the body. general.

Front 28

Define Bioenergetics (general or specific)?

Back 28

The portion of metabolism by which energy is made and consumed by living things. more specific.

Front 29

What is the Nuclear 'Domain Limitation Hypothesis'?

Back 29

Protein synthesis increases with intense training [ex. heavy resistance training]

Front 30

2 general categories of protein?

Back 30

Contractile [actin, myosin, titin, ect]

Metabolic [mitochondria the "powerhouse cell]

Front 31

What are endergonic and exergonic reactions?

Back 31

Endergonic: require energy to be added

Exergonic: release energy

Front 32

Endergonic and Exergonic reactions are often coupled. What happens in coupled reactions?

Back 32

Liberation of energy in a exergonic reaction drives an endergonic reaction.

Front 33

What is oxidation?

Back 33

Removing an electron.

Front 34

What is reduction?

Back 34

Adding an electron.

Front 35

Name 2 carrier molecules??

Back 35

NAD & FAD

Front 36

Damaged cells release which 2 enzymes into the blood?

Back 36

CK & troponin

Front 37

What are macronutrients? Name 3 & their functions.

Back 37

Substrates that aid in growth, development, and energy production. Consumed in large amounts.

1. Carbs (provide energy)
2. Fats (provide energy, store energy)
3. Proteins (provide energy, promote growth and maintenance)