Exercise 10: The Appendicular Skeleton

Front 1

Whole Unit

Back 1

Pectoral Girdle- Consists of two bones: Anterior clavicle and posterior scapula. Attaches upper limbs to axial skeleton and serves as a point for muscle attachment.

Front 2

Back 2

Clavicle- Collarbone; Lies horizontally, slender doubly curved bone. Medially it attaches with manubrium of the sternum. Laterally it attaches with the acromial, point of the shoulder. There is also a groove on the posteroinferior surface called the conoid tubercle.

Hint 2

Acromion of the Clavicle

Front 3

Back 3

Scapula- Shoulder blades; flat, triangular shaped bone.

Front 4

Back 4

Spine of Scapula- ridge that connects the acromion to scapula

Front 5

Back 5

Acromion of Scapula- point of shoulder attaching to scapula; enlarged rough end of the spine of scapula. Connects with the Clavicle

Hint 5

Front 6

Back 6

Coracoid Process of scapula- attachment site for muscles of the neck. Found on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of scapula.

Front 7

Back 7

Glenoid Cavity of Scapula- a shallow socket that receives the head, proximal epiphysis, of the humerus.

Front 8

Posterior

Back 8

Humerus- Long bone of the upper arm.

Hint 8

Anterior

Front 9

Back 9

Head of Humerus- The rounded proximal epiphysis of the humerus. Articulates with the glenoid cavity of Scapula.

Front 10

Back 10

Greater Tubercle of Humerus- The larger lateral prominence on proximal epiphysis; connects with the inferior coracoid process

Front 11

Back 11

Lesser Tubercle of Humerus- The medial prominence on proximal epiphysis

Front 12

Back 12

Capitulum- The lateral condyle, spool-like knuckle, on the distal end of humerus; articulates with the radius of the forearm.

Front 13

Back 13

Trochlea- The larger medial condyle on the distal end of humerus; articulates with the ulna.

Front 14

Back 14

Radial Fossa- Depression lateral to the coronoid fossa on the distal epiphysis of the humerus; receives the head of the radius when the elbow is flexed.

Front 15

Back 15

Coronoid Fossa- Depression medial to the radial fossa on the distal epiphysis of the humerus; Receives the coronoid process of the ulna at flexion.

Front 16

Back 16

Olecranon Fossa- Depression on the posterior surface of the distal epiphysis of the humerus; articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna

Front 17

Back 17

Radius- is the lateral bone in the forearm; runs parallel to ulna.

Front 18

Back 18

Radial Tuberosity- Medial aspect of the shaft, Site of attachment for the tendons of the bicep muscles

Front 19

Back 19

Radial Head- Disc-shaped proximal epiphysis; articulates with the capitulum of the the humerus.

Front 20

Back 20

Styloid Process of Radius- a projection of bone on the lateral surface of the distal epiphysis; serves as a point for muscle attachment.

Front 21

Back 21

Ulna- The medial bone of the forearm.

Front 22

Back 22

Olecranon Process of Ulna- The point of the elbow on proximal side.

Front 23

Back 23

Coronoid Process- Triangular protrusion of the anterior portion proximal epiphysis.

Front 24

Back 24

Trochlear Notch- Semilunar notch; large depression in the proximal epiphysis of the ulna; articulates with the Trochlea of the Humerus.

Front 25

Back 25

Radial Notch- Small notch on lateral side of coronoid process; articulates with the head of the radius.

Front 26

Back 26

Styloid Process of the Ulna- A projection of bone on the distal epiphysis, attachment point for ligaments of the wrist.

Front 27

Back 27

Carpals- wrist bones; 8 bones- 2 rows of 4 bones. Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.

Hint 27

She looks too pretty try to catch her.

Front 28

Back 28

Scaphoid- Distal row; 1st from thumb; articulates with the distal end of radius

Front 29

Back 29

Lunate- Distal row; 2nd from thumb; articulates with the distal end of radius.

Front 30

Back 30

Triquetrum- Triangular bone; Distal row; 3rd from thumb

Front 31

Back 31

Pisiform- Distal row; 4th from thumb.

Front 32

Back 32

Trapezium- Proximal row; 1st from thumb

Front 33

Back 33

Trapezoid- Proximal row; 2nd from thumb

Front 34

Back 34

Capitate- proximal row; 3rd from thumb

Front 35

Back 35

Hamate- Proximal row; 4th from thumb

Front 36

Back 36

Metacarpals- Bones of the palm; Numbered I-V from the thumb to the pinky; Form the knuckles and the palm.

Front 37

Back 37

Phalanges- Bones of the fingers; composed of 14 bones; Numbered I-V starting from the thumb.

Front 38

Back 38

Proximal Phalanges- Base phalange region; Numbered I-V;

Front 39

Back 39

Middle Phalanges- Middle region; Numbered II-V; nonexistent on thumb

Front 40

Back 40

Distal Phalanges- Bones of the fingertips; Numbered I-V

Front 41

Back 41

Pelvic Girdle- Forms joints between two coxal (hip) bones and the sacrum.

Front 42

Back 42

Ilium- Large flared bone; forms the major portion of the coxal bone; hipbone; Between ilia and sacrum.

Front 43

Back 43

Iliac Crest- Superior margin of Ilium; where you rest your hands on your hips.

Front 44

Back 44

Ischium- Inferior and posterior aspect of sacrum; the sit down bone;

Front 45

Back 45

Ischial Spine- Superior to the ischial tuberosity; ridge between the Greater Sciatic notch and lesser Sciatic notch.

Front 46

Back 46

Greater Sciatic Notch- Allows nerves and vessels to pass through to the thigh; sciatic nerve passes through this notch; larger margin superior to ischial spine.

Front 47

B

Back 47

Lesser Schiatic Notch- Allows nerves and vessels to pass through to the thigh; smaller notch inferior to the ischial spine.

Front 48

Pubis Bone- Female: shallow and wide; Male: Upright and long

Front 49

Back 49

Pubic Symphysis- Anterior cartilaginous joint where hip bones join;

Front 50

Back 50

Acetabulum- Where the ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse at the deep hemispherical socket; articulates with the head of the femur.

Front 51

Back 51

Obturator Foramen- Hole that allows for blood vessels and nerves to pass through the pubis.

Front 52

Back 52

Femur- Thigh bone; the only bone in the upper thigh.

Front 53

Back 53

Fovea Capitis- pit of the head; small ligament runs to acetabulum

Front 54

Back 54

Neck- Inferior to the Neck; a flattened process of bone connecting the femoral head and the femoral shaft.

Front 55

Back 55

Greater Trochanter- Larger junction of the shaft and neck; directly lateral and slightly posterior.

Front 56

Back 56

Lesser Trochanter- Smaller junction; Inferior and posterior base of the neck of the femur.

Front 57

B

Back 57

Patellar Surface- Distal epiphysis pit; forms the patella anteriorly

Front 58

Back 58

Medial Condyle of Femur- Larger more medial protrusion on the distal epiphysis on the femur.

Front 59

Back 59

Lateral Condyle of Femur- Smaller lateral protrusion on distal epiphysis.

Front 60

Back 60

Patella- Triangular sesamoid bone enclosed in the quadriceps tendon that secures the anterior thigh muscles to the tibia.

Front 61

Back 61

Tibia- Shin Bone; larger more medial bone.

Front 62

Back 62

Medial condyle of the Tibia- proximal epiphysis; articulates with the patella

Front 63

Back 63

Lateral Condyle of the Tibia- Proximal epiphysis; articulates with the patella.

Front 64

Back 64

Tibial Tuberosity- Roughened protrusion on the anterior tibial surface; inferior to condyle; attachment of patellar ligament

Front 65

Back 65

Anterior Border- Shin; anterior surface of the tibia; sharpened ridge unprotected by muscles.

Front 66

Back 66

Medial Malleolus- Anklebone; distal epiphysis of the tibia's process- bulge of the ankle.

Front 67

Back 67

Fibula- parallel to tibia; no part in forming the knee

Front 68

Back 68

Tarsals- 7 tarsal bones; bones of the foot

Front 69

Back 69

Calcaneous- Heal of the foot; posterior bone of the foot.

Front 70

Back 70

Talus- Articulates with tibia; proximal to calcaneous

Front 71

Back 71

Navicular- anterior and inferior to talus; Same side as the big toe- medial bone.

Front 72

Back 72

Cuboid- Bone 4th from the Big Toe; closest to the pinky toe side.

Front 73

Back 73

Lateral Cuneiform- 3rd from the Big Toe; distal to metatarsals

Front 74

Back 74

Intermediate Cuneiform- 2nd from Big Toe; Distal to metatarsals

Front 75

Back 75

Medial Cuneiform- Lines up with the Big Toe; distal to metatarsal

Front 76

Back 76

Metatarsals- Bones of the feet; numbered I-V; from hallux to pinky toes

Front 77

Back 77

Phalanges- Toe bones; Proximal Phalanges- closest to the feet number I-V; Middle phalanges- numbered II-V; distal phalanges- numbered I-V