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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
By virtue of their interconnections with almost all other brain regions, what is the role of frontal lobes?
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guide, direct, integrate, and monitor goal-directed behavior
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What is executive functioning/frontal lobe functioning?
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executive functioning = behavioral manifestations directly or indirectly related to frontal lobe functioning
frontal lobe functioning = behaviors directly linked to frontal lobes |
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Damage to caudate can result in pathologic behavior similar to?
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those caused by direct frontal damage (due to interconnections of frontal lobe with other brain regions)
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Executive functioning is not limited to other cognitive processes. What else is involved?
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emotional and social regulation
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More complex functions evolve as advances in: (3 things)
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1. advances in synaptic pruning and sculpting
2. axonal myelination 3. neurochemical changes |
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Goldman-Rakic = ? (executive functions)
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object permanence
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Diamond = ? (executive functions)
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development of inhibitory control
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simple functions (e.g., visual search) emerge early, followed by: x and then y?
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x = more complex inhibitory skills
y = advanced skills of cognitive flexibility and complex planning |
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Executive planning studies (e.g., tower of london w/ ADHD) show ___________ but suggests ___________________ .
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parallel trajectory; developmental consequences of impaired executive functions
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There are 4 developmentally sensitive executive function domains. List them.
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1. attentional control
2. information processing 3. cognitive flexibility 4. goal setting |
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Regarding executive functions, what is involved in attention control?
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selective attention, inhibitory control, sustained attention, monitoring of executed plans
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Regarding executive functions, what is involved in information processing?
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fluency, efficiency, and speed of output
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Regarding executive functions, what is involved in cognitive flexibility?
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shifting between response sets, profiting from mistakes, developing alternative strategies, dividing attention, multi-tasking
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Regarding executive functions, what is involved in goal setting?
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planning, organization, conceptual reasoning, strategic problem-solving
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Executive functions reach maturity at different point in development. This is contingent (in part) on ?
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maturation of other brain regions and neural systems that support attention, language, emotions, and memory
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There are 5 neural circuits associated with frontal-mediated functions/dysfunctions. List them (and their originations)
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1. skeletomotor [motor and premotor regions & parietal somatosensory cortex]
2. oculomotor [frontal and supplementary eye fields] 3. dorsolateral prefrontal [dorsolateral prefrontal cortex] 4. orbitofrontal [two subcircuits = lateral and medial frontal cortex] 5. anterior cingulate [anterior cingulate cortex] |
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What higher order cognitive operations is the dorsolateral circuit involved in? (Nelson listed 14 total)
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1. working memory,2. cognitive flexibility,3. maintenance of behavioral sets,4. selective & sustained attention,5. generation of strategic and divergent responses,6. verbal and nonverbal fluency,7. planning and organization,8. inhibitory control, 9. abstract reasoning,10. memory search and retrieval,11. temporal-spatial "tagging",12. self-monitoring,13. insight,14. judgment
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Damage of the dorsolateral circuit may precipitate depressive symptoms (even though ventromedial prefrontal damage more associated with this). What sx are are seen?
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decreased initiative, apathy, indifference, psychomotor retardation, social uneasiness
BUT absence of: vegetative features, negative cognition, and dysphoria |
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Damage to the dorsolateral circuit sometimes associated with decreased capacity to ________________.
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empathize with others
although more frequently associated with orbitofrontal disruption |
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Dorsolateral and orbital circuits may be complementary in empathic processing. With each part doing what?
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dorsolateral = cognitive aspects
orbital = emotional aspects |
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What does Fuster's theory (which focuses on dorsolateral) poses that overarching function of prefrontal architecture is ? (i.e., ? )
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temporal organization of behavior (i.e., development and implementation of action sequences across time)
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In the dorsolateral circuit, temporal organization of behavior extends to ? (e.g. ?)
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all voluntary behavior
e.g. skeletal, ocular, speech, internal cognitive-logical reasoning |
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What 4 cognitive processes support temporal organization of behavior? [dorsolateral circuit]
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1. attentional control
2. working memory 3. preparatory motor set 4. response monitoring |
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How does attentional control support the temporal organization of behavior?
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selective, sustain, orienting attention; motivation and drive aspects; inhibitory control and filtering
[cooperative activation of dorsolateral, anterior cingulate, and orbital] |
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How does working memory support the temporal organization of behavior?
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maintenance and manipulation of information held in short term storage to guide behavior; retrospective function in temporal organization
[dorsolateral] |
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How does preparatory motor set support the temporal organization of behavior?
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preparation, timing, and instigation of relevant goal-directed motor behaviors; prospective memory or memory for future action
[dorsolateral] |
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How does response monitoring support the temporal organization of behavior?
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determines whether current goal-directed behaviors should be maintained or modified
[dorsolateral and anterior cingulate] |
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What does Fuster's theory (which focuses on dorsolateral) poses that overarching function of prefrontal architecture is ? (i.e., ? )
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temporal organization of behavior (i.e., development and implementation of action sequences across time)
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In the dorsolateral circuit, temporal organization of behavior extends to ? (e.g. ?)
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all voluntary behavior
e.g. skeletal, ocular, speech, internal cognitive-logical reasoning |
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What 4 cognitive processes support temporal organization of behavior? [dorsolateral circuit]
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1. attentional control
2. working memory 3. preparatory motor set 4. response monitoring |
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How does attentional control support the temporal organization of behavior?
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selective, sustain, orienting attention; motivation and drive aspects; inhibitory control and filtering
[cooperative activation of dorsolateral, anterior cingulate, and orbital] |
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How does working memory support the temporal organization of behavior?
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maintenance and manipulation of information held in short term storage to guide behavior; retrospective function in temporal organization
[dorsolateral] |
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How does preparatory motor set support the temporal organization of behavior?
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preparation, timing, and instigation of relevant goal-directed motor behaviors; prospective memory or memory for future action
[dorsolateral] |
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How does response monitoring support the temporal organization of behavior?
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determines whether current goal-directed behaviors should be maintained or modified
[dorsolateral and anterior cingulate] |