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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Cabinet
group of 15 people in charge of different aspects of the nation; they try to get programs to help their own sector and aren’t really there to work for the good of every sector.
Electoral College
group of delegates who elect the president; the number of delegates per state is equal to the sum of the state’s house of representatives and senate members.
Executive Office of the President
group of people who are actually stationed in the white house and act as advisors to the president; the EOP helps the president oversee the bureaucracy.
Executive Privilege
the executive branch may resist search warrants from the other two branches. In other words, the executive branch can not be forced to disclose its confidential communications when such disclosure would harm the regular functioning of the executive branch.
Impeachment
removing a government official from office. Impeachment is initiated with a majority vote in the HR and then a trial and conviction by the Senate (this takes a 2/3 vote). The Chief Justice presides over presidential impeachment and the VP presides over all other impeachments. People are impeached for “treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.” Federal Judges can be impeached too.
Impoundment
when the executive branch refuses to spend funds that the legislature has allotted for a certain program or activity.
Independent Executive Agencies
cabinet like agencies that oversee a narrower area than the cabinet and does not have cabinet status (NASA, CIA)
Inherent Powers
Inherent Powers- powers of the president that are derived/inferred from specific powers in the Constitution.
Line-Item Veto
is when the president deletes part of a taxing/spending bill (but not all of it) passed by the legislature. The legislature can still override this veto, but needs a 2/3 majority in each house. The line-item veto is today illegal at the national level but is still used by state governors.
Office of Management & Budget (OMB)
a branch of Executive Office of the President (which overseas the bureaucracy) and deals with the financial aspects of managing the bureaucratic agencies as well as giving economic advice/updates to presidential advisors.
Pocket Veto
is when the president refuses to sign a bill that has been passed by legislature and Congress just happens to disband during that 10 day wait for him to sign it. In this case, the bill is automatically vetoed.
Coattail Effect
The tendency of lesser-known/weaker candidates on the ballot to win a position because the party's popular candidate is on the ticket.
Veto Message
the reason (written) that the president vetoes a bill
White House Office
- office where people work really close to the president. There are around 20 White House Offices, each there to ensure smooth sailing in the daily activities of the President with other government officials, nations, and the public. These offices also house important advisors to the president.
22nd Amendment
prevents a president from serving more than 2 terms or more than 10 years of office.
25th Amendment
established procedures for filling vacancies in the office of president and VP as well as providing for procedures to deal with the disability of a president.
Mandate
when the president orders a group to do something; in this case there is no way around it. For example if the president issues a mandate for Louisiana to build a larger fort, Louisiana must do so (sometimes at its own expense)
Gridlock
when a government can not function at a normal level due to complex or conflicting procedures within the administrative framework.
Legislative Liaison Staff
group of people who maintain the President’s contact with Congress (Legislative Affairs Office, part of WHO, does this)
War Powers Act
1973 limited the president in war: the president could only deploy troops overseas for 60 days in peacetime (which can extend another 30 days to permit troop withdraw) unless Congress gives its approval for a longer period.
Pardon
is an executive grant restoring all rights and privileges of citizenship to someone who was charged/convicted of a crime.
Stewardship theory
theory that Article II says that P has the power and duty to do w/e needed in the nation’s interest unless it is prohibited by the Constitution or law.
Taftian theory
theory that the president is limited by specific grants of executive power found in the Constitution.
Executive Agreement
a formal government agreement the executive branch enters into that DOES NOT require the consent of the Senate. This is important since it allows the president to get around the “advice and consent” requirement for ratification of treaties and the Congressional approval required for trade agreements.
Executive order
a rule the president issues that has the effect of law.
Presidentialist
one who thinks Article II’s grant of executive power is a broad grant of authority allowing the president wide powers.
Congressionalist
someone who thinks that Article II’s provision that the P should ensure “faithful execution of the laws” prohibits the president from doing any work that has a legislative nature (P can’t make law).
What was the cause and holding in Youngston v. Sawyer?
Steel Mills sued the President since he ordered the secretary of commerce to seize and operate the nation's steel mills (to prevent an end to steel production during emergency).

Holding: The president doesn't have the authority to take private property w/o authority given by Congress. This is because the president has "executive power", according to Article II, to enforce the law, not make the law. Taking private property would be making the law.
What does Neustadt believe about the presidency?
The president is a clerk who has to use persuasion to get things done. He has to persuade citizens, bureaucrats, Congress, party members, and foreign leaders that his policies are beneficial to them.
What does Cronin believe about the Presidency?
The presidency is complicated and has many paradoxes; there are high expectations and a successful president should use the paradoxes to his advantage. His power keeps expanding due to new technologies, situations, and he is constantly making a balance between too much one way and too much another way. Being a presidency is a balancing act much like walking a tightrope.
What does Hamilton say in Federalist 70?
The U.S. shouldn't have a plural executive because a strong executive branch needs unity and three debating leaders slows decision making and prevents the executive branch from acting fast enough. More than one executive also permits executives to hide behind one another.
What does Wildavsky’s “Two Presidencies” thesis say?
There is a domestic president and a foreign president. The president has little success in putting his domestic programs into action (lots of opposition), but success in doing as he pleases with foreign policy.
What are Barber's four types of presidents?
1) Active Positive- lots of activity and enjoys what he does (but not good at handling illogical events, wants results)
2) active negative- lots of activity/effort but doesn't enjoy it. Driven by ambition and desire for power.
3) Passive-Positive- wants to please everyone so he is super compliant. He likes what he does anyways.
4) Passive-Negative: little political action and doesn't like what action he does take. Stickler on civic virtue but makes us wonder, why is he president?
If there is no clear election winner after the electoral college votes, how is the winner decided for P and VP?
HR chooses P among the top 3 candidates
S chooses VP from the top 2 candidates.