Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What can be found in the nucleus of an atom?
|
neutrons and protons
|
|
|
What is endocytosis?
|
Taking substances into a cell by surrounding it with the cell membrane
|
|
|
What is exocytosis?
|
Means by which materials are released from the cell
|
|
|
What are organic compounds?
|
Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen
|
|
|
What are carbohydrates?
|
Organic molecules which supply energy. Examples are sugars and starches
|
|
|
Which carbohydrate is made by plants during photosynthesis?
|
sugar (glucose)
|
|
|
What is a producer?
|
Organisms that make their own food. Plants are producers
|
|
|
In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?
|
chloroplasts
|
|
|
Which gas do plants give off as they photosynthesize?
|
Oxygen
|
|
|
What two types of gas do people breathe out due to respiration?
|
Carbon dioxide and water vapor
|
|
|
What is a consumer?
|
Organisms that cannot produce food. Humans and animals are consumers.
|
|
|
What structures inside the nucleus contain hereditary information?
|
chromosomes
|
|
|
What is a chromatid?
|
duplicated chromosomes during mitosis. They have two identical DNA strands
|
|
|
What is a centromere?
|
chromotids are held together at a section called the centromere
|
|
|
What is mitosis?
|
Mitosis is a process by which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei.
|
|
|
What happens to the cell during interphase?
|
Interphase is a period of growth and development. Cells spend most of their time in this phase.
|
|
|
What happens to the cell during prophase?
|
The nuclear membrane breaks down; spindles form.
|
|
|
What happens to the cell during metaphase?
|
Chromotids line up across the center of the cell
|
|
|
What happens to the cell during anaphase?
|
Each centromere divides, chromotids separate and move to the opposite ends of the cell.
|
|
|
What happens to the cell during telophase?
|
A new nucleus forms during telophase
|
|
|
What happens to the cell during cytokinesis?
|
The cell pinches in the middle and forms two new cells
|
|
|
How many chromosomes are in each new cell after mitosis?
|
The cell has the same number of chromosomes that it had before mitosis.
|
|
|
What is meiosis?
|
Meiosis is the process that produces haploid sex cells.
|
|
|
How many chromosomes do sperm and egg cells have?
|
Humans have 23 chromosomes. Sperm and egg cells have half the number of chromosomes that other cells of the organism have.
|
|
|
Why do sperm and egg cells have this many chromosomes?
|
Haploid cells combine to form the 23 pairs of chromosomes typical of humans. The fertilized egg cell receives half its chromosomes from the mother and half from the father.
|
|
|
What does DNA code for the production of?
|
DNA codes for a cell's growth and function.
|
|
|
What is DNA replication?
|
Replication is the copying of a cell's DNA
|
|
|
Why must DNA replicate?
|
Every cell must contain an exact copy of the organism's DNA
|
|
|
Wha this DNA made of?
|
Deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogen group
|
|
|
Cytosine is a base on DNA that only binds to ___________.
|
Guanine C binds to G
|
|
|
Adenine is a base on DNA that only binds to _________.
|
Thymine A binds to T
|
|
|
What is a mutation?
|
A mistake that happens when DNA is copied.
|
|
|
What is an allele?
|
An allele is the different forms of a trait that a gene may have.
|
|
|
What is the study of how traits are inherited?
|
Genetics
|
|
|
What is a recessive allele?
|
Form of an allele that will be covered up or seem to disappear when combined with a dominant (stronger) allele.
|
|
|
What is the purpose of using a punnett square?
|
Use a punnett square to predict the odds of the result of the joining of two alleles.
|
|
|
If a trait is homozygous, what does that mean?
|
Alleles are the same--either both dominant or both recessive
|
|
|
What is a phenotype?
|
The observable result of an organism's genotype
|
|
|
What is a genotype?
|
Genetic makeup of an organism; it can't be seen.
|
|
|
What is polygenic inheritance?
|
Polygenic inheritance occurs when a group of gene pairs acts together to produce a trait.
|
|
|
Which disorder is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21?
|
Down's syndrome
|
|
|
What are the two sex chromosomes in males?
|
X and Y
|
|
|
What is a pedigree?
|
A visual tool for tracing a trait through a family.
|
|
|
The gene Ee could best be described as what?
|
Heterozygous
|
|
|
Define Hypothesis.
|
A prediction that can be tested.
|
|
|
What is a control group?
|
A control is the standard to which the outcome of a test is compared. The control group remains the same throughout an experiment.
|
|
|
What are the steps to the scientific method?
|
State the problem.
Gather information. Form a hypothesis. Perform an experiment. Analyze data. Draw conclusions. Report results. |
|
|
What is a variable?
|
In an experiment, the one thing that can change.
|
|
|
What is the basic unit of length?
|
Meter
|
|
|
What is the basic unit of mass?
|
Gram
|
|
|
What is the basic unit of temperature?
|
Celcius
|
|
|
How many centimeters are in a meter?
|
100
|
|
|
How many milliliters are in a liter?
|
1000
|
|
|
What is the freezing and boiling points of water.
|
Freezing point - 0 degrees Celcius
Boiling point - 100 degrees Celcius |
|
|
What does a balancing scale measure?
|
Mass
|
|
|
What is spontaneous generation?
|
A theory that states that living things can come from nonliving things.
|
|
|
What is our primary source of energy?
|
The sun.
|
|
|
What is taxonomy?
|
The classification of animals and plants.
|
|
|
What did Carolus Linnaeus contribute to science?
|
A system for grouping or classifying organisms called binomial nomenclature.
|
|
|
Using Linnaeus's system, each creature is identified by two names. The ____________ and ____________.
|
The genus and species.
|
|
|
What is binomial nomenclature?
|
The two word naming system for organisms.
|
|
|
All living things are classified into seven major groups. The largest and most general group is ____________.
|
Kingdom
|
|
|
What is the most basic unit of structure and function of living things?
|
The cell.
|
|
|
What is an organelle?
|
The structure in the cytoplasm of a cell that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture substances.
|
|
|
What is a cell wall?
|
The rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants.
|
|
|
What is a nucleus?
|
The organelle that controls all activities of a cell and contains hereditary material.
|
|
|
What is another name for thick strands of DNA that do not leave the nucleus?
|
Chromosomes
|
|
|
What are ribosomes?
|
Small structures on which cells make their own protein.
|
|
|
What is an endoplasmic reticulum?
|
The passageways that move materials around in a cell.
|
|
|
What makes a rough endoplasmic reticulum rough?
|
Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it.
|
|
|
What does "Mikey the Mighty Mitochondria" produce?
|
Energy
|
|
|
What is a vacuole?
|
Vacuoles are membrane-bound spaces in cells that are used for the temporary storage of materials.
|
|
|
What are lysosomes?
|
Organelles that contain digestive chemicals that break down food, waste, and worn-out cell parts.
|
|
|
Which plant organelle contains chlorophyll?
|
Chloroplast
|
|
|
What is cytoplasm?
|
The gel-like substance found in cells.
|
|
|
The endoplasmic reticulum comes in two types. What are they?
|
Smooth and rough
|
|
|
In which organelle can chromosomes be found?
|
The Nucleus
|
|
|
Which two structures are only found in plant cells?
|
Cell wall and chloroplast
|
|
|
Groups of cells combine to form what?
|
Tissue
|
|
|
Groups of tissue combine to form what?
|
Organs
|
|
|
Groups of organs combine to form what?
|
Organ Systems
|
|
|
Groups of organ systems combine to form what?
|
Organisms
|
