Exam Questions

Front 1

Freud is most associated with which of the following fields?
a)traditional psychiactric criminology
b) sociological criminology
c)psychological criminology
d) contemporary psychiatric criminology

Back 1

Traditional psychiatric criminology

Front 2

Self-report studies of criminal behavior:
a) usually have been found to be more accurate with female subjects.
b) are typically inaccurate in most areas studied.
c) usually attempt to measure only prior involvement in felonies.
d) suggest that crime is committed by all socioeconomic classes.
e) All of the above

Back 2

suggest that crime is committed by all socieconomic classes

Front 3

Which is not a method of measuring crime?
a) UCR
b) self-report studies
c) PCL-R
d) National Victimization Studies
e) Supplementary homicide repor

Back 3

c) Pcl-r

Front 4

The autonomic arousal theory of crime hypothesizes that:
a) chronic offenders will exhibit low levels of autonomic arousal across a wide variety of situations and conditions. *
b) the autonomic system controls criminal behavior.
c) chronic offenders will exhibit high levels of autonomic arousal across situations.
d) low levels of autonomic arousal promote positive social interactions.
e) disproportionate cortical levels promote antisocial behavior.

Back 4

a) chronic offenders will exhibit low levels of autonomic arousal across a wide variety of situations and conditions.

Front 5

The fundamental basis for criminality, according to Eysenck, is:
a) the overreactive RAS.
b) personality differences in conditionability.
c) material gain for the criminal behavior.
d) instrumental conditioning.
e) parental influences.

Back 5

b) personality differences in conditionability.

Front 6

The personality dimension that empirical research finds most consistently associated with crime is:
a) extraversion.
b) neurotic extraversion.
c) neuroticism.
d) psychoticism.
e) antisocialism.

Back 6

psychoticism

Front 7

Criminaloids
a) are easily influenced.
b) are very impulsive.
c) are hysterical types.
d) are morally insane.
e) None of the above.

Back 7

a) are easily influenced

Front 8

One of the problems with classical conditioning explanations of criminal behavior is that they:
a) have not been empirically supported.
b) do not account for situational factors.
c) presume the person has no self-determination.
d) do not consider biological factors.
e) none of the above.

Back 8

c) presume the person has no self-determination. *

Front 9

The concept that there is a continual exchange of influences between the environment and the person is called:
a) nature-nurture interface.
b) deindividuation.
c) mutual interaction.
d) envirohumanism.
e) reciprocal interaction.

Back 9

e) reciprocal interaction.

Front 10

The most important aspect of whether criminal behavior is maintained is the:
a) personality of the person.
b) biological makeup of the person.
c) amount of reinforcement.
d) degree of social pressure.
e) nature of the reinforcement gained.

Back 10

e) nature of the reinforcement gained.

Front 11

If you were a TV producer and wanted an argument to support your position of the value of violence on television, you would probably rely on which of the following theoretical positions?
a) Psychoanalytic or psychodynamic.
b) Social learning.
c) Frustration-aggression.
d) Behaviorism.
e) Modeling.

Back 11

a) Psychoanalytic or psychodynamic.

Front 12

Malicious gossip is an example of what variety of human aggression?
a) Direct active verbal
b) Indirect active verbal
c) Direct passive verbal
d) Indirect passive verbal
e) Directive instrumental

Back 12

b) Indirect active verbal

Front 13

During early stages of frustration or general arousal, cognitive processes appear to have little influence beyond the immediate appraisal that the situation is aversive. This description outlines a stage of what model of aggression and violence?
a) Cognitive expectancy theory
b) The neo-frustration-aggression model
c) The cognitive neoassociation model
d) The weapons effect model
e) The cognitive scripts model

Back 13

c) The cognitive neoassociation model *

Front 14

Although offenders are individuals, the following generalization about persistent offenders can be made:
a) they are mentally disordered.
b) they began their criminal careers in late adolescence.
c) they tend to be polysubstance users.
d) they specialize in one type of offending.
e) b and d

Back 14

c) they tend to be polysubstance users.*

Front 15

In the Boothby/Clements survey of correctional psychologists, the researchers found that the least amount of their time was spent:
a) at classification.
b) at administrative tasks.
c) conducting research.
d) providing treatment.
e) at assessing.

Back 15

c) conducting research.*

Front 16

The Responsivity Principle has two components, which are,
a) personal and therapeutic responsivity.
b) general and personal responsivity.
c) therapeutic and general responsivity.
d) individual and general responsivity.
e) None of the above.

Back 16

e) None of the above. *

Front 17

Core Correctional Practice includes
a) supporting self-esteem
b) effective punishment
c) effective reinforcement
d) differential reinforcement
e) All of the above

Back 17

c) effective reinforcement *

Front 18

Which statement is most accurate about juvenile crime?
a) Juvenile crime has generally decreased since the mid 1990s.
b) The juvenile crime rate has been steadily increasing since 1990.
c) Compared to adults, juveniles are responsible for disproportionately higher number of violent crimes.
d) Juveniles are more likely to be perpetrators rather than victims of violent crime.
e) The majority of juvenile offenders are arrested and convicted.

Back 18

a) Juvenile crime has generally decreased since the mid 1990s. *