Exam Iv Anatomy/physiology

Front 1

_____ contractions are those in which the muscle shortens and does work.

Back 1

Concentric

Front 2

_____ contractions are those in which the muscle lengthens.

Back 2

Eccentric

Front 3

_____ contractions are more powerful than _____ contractions.

Back 3

Eccentric, concentric

Front 4

_____ contractions are those in which the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens.

Back 4

Isometric

Front 5

Smooth muscle contractions are called _____.

Back 5

Peristalsis

Front 6

_____ contractions are those in which the muscle length changes and moves the load.

Back 6

Isotonic

Front 7

In _____ contractions, the heavier the load, the _____ the contraction.

Back 7

Isotonic, slower

Front 8

T/F:
You always have body movement, no matter the contraction.

Back 8

FALSE

Front 9

_____ muscles have gap junctions, but aren't chemically coupled cells.

Back 9

Smooth

Front 10

_____ potential defined by charges across the membrane. Outside is negative, inside is positive.

Back 10

Resting

Front 11

Resting potential has a _____ charge outside and a _____ charge on the inside.

Back 11

negative, positive

Front 12

_____ respond to light.

Back 12

Photoreceptors

Front 13

Photoreceptors of the eye contain _____ and _____.

Back 13

Rods, cones

Front 14

_____ are found in the photoreceptors and are sensitive to light.

Back 14

Rods

Front 15

_____ are very sensitive to light and are best suited for night vision.

Back 15

Rods

Front 16

_____ need bright light for activation and allow for color perception.

Back 16

Cones

Front 17

_____ _____ is where the nerve leaves the eye to the brain.

Back 17

Optic disc

Front 18

_____ is a transparent mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and folds back over the anterior surface of the eyeball.

Back 18

Conjuctiva

Front 19

Resting potentials has Na ions _____ and K ions _____ the cell.

Back 19

outside, inside

Front 20

All taste sensations occur ______.

Back 20

On the top of the tongue.

Front 21

To be able to taste/smell _____.

Back 21

molecules must be soluble in saliva or mucous.

Front 22

_____ is fluid inside the membrane of the inner ear.

Back 22

Enolymph

Front 23

_____ is fluid between the bones and membranes.

Back 23

Perilymph

Front 24

High frequencies are sensed by _____.

Back 24

the base of the cochlea.

Front 25

Low frequencies are sensed _____.

Back 25

by the top of the cochlea.

Front 26

____ is fluid located in the posterior eye.

Back 26

Vitreous humor

Front 27

_____ is the fluid located in the anterior eye.

Back 27

aqueous humor

Front 28

Retinal sensitivity ____ and visual activity ____ when first acclimating to light.

Back 28

decreases, increases

Front 29

_____ _____ is the degeneration of muscles leading to atrophy

Back 29

muscular dystrophy

Front 30

_____ muscles are the muscles capable of regeneration.

Back 30

smooth

Front 31

____ and ____ are fibers of muscles.

Back 31

myosin and actin

Front 32

Intense exercise of short duration produces ____ rapidly, but recovery is _____.

Back 32

fatigue, rapid

Front 33

Strongest muscle contraction is achieved by _____.

Back 33

increasing voltage of stimuli

Front 34

During exercise, an _____ of muscle cells cannot occur because skeletal muscles cannot divide.

Back 34

increase

Front 35

Actin is normally blocked by _____ not allowing an interaction with myosin. _____ binds, allowing an interations.

Back 35

troponin, calcium

Front 36

_____ stores oxygen inside muscle cells.

Back 36

Myoglobin

Front 37

_____ reticulum is former _____ reticulum and stores _____.

Back 37

Sarcoplasmic, endoplasmic, calcium

Front 38

_____ is found between two _____ discs.

Back 38

sarcomere, Z

Front 39

_____ is the functional unit of skeletal muscle.

Back 39

sarcomere

Front 40

_____ period is the first few milliseconds following stimulation when excitation-contraction coupling occurs.

Back 40

latent

Front 41

The level of calcium _____ when action potential is gone.

Back 41

drops

Front 42

_____, _____, and _____ make striations in muscle cells.

Back 42

actin, myosin, and sarcomere

Front 43

_____ surrounds each individual muscle fiber.

Back 43

endomysium

Front 44

_____ surrounds whole muscle cells.

Back 44

epimysium

Front 45

_____ surrounds fascicles layer of fibrous tissue.

Back 45

perimysium

Front 46

_____ is the protein that functions as troponin in smooth muscles.

Back 46

calmodulin

Front 47

Athletes warm up to increase the level of _____ inside of the cells.

Back 47

calcium

Front 48

During the _____ period, cells cannot be stimulated again until re polarization is completed.

Back 48

refractory

Front 49

_____, ______, and _____ are the three properties of muscle cells.

Back 49

contractibility, excitability, and extensability

Front 50

Skeletal muscles are _____ _____ shape and contain _____ nuclei.

Back 50

long cylidrical, many

Front 51

_____ muscles drive aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Back 51

skeletal

Front 52

Cardiac muscles are _____ _____ shaped and contain _____ nuclei

Back 52

short branched, 1-2

Front 53

_____ muscles cannot drive anaerobic respiration.

Back 53

Cardiac

Front 54

_____ _____ is a constant state of slight contraction in skeletal muscles.

Back 54

muscle tone

Front 55

In muscle tone, flexors have ____ tone than extensors.

Back 55

more

Front 56

_____ are sensitive to light, black and white vision, and are not precise

Back 56

Rods

Front 57

_____ are not sensitive to light, color vision, and are precise.

Back 57

cones

Front 58

_____ layer functions as protection to fibrous tissue.

Back 58

tunic

Front 59

_____ allows light to enter the eye and is part of the light-bending apparatus of the eye.

Back 59

Cornea

Front 60

_____ is blood vessl-rich, dark brown membrane of the eye. Composed of two tissues: vascular and smooth.

Back 60

choroid

Front 61

The middle ear is connected to the pharnyx by the _____ _____ tube.

Back 61

pharengeal tympanic

Front 62

the _____ _____ equalizes the pressure of the inner ear to the pressure of the outside.

Back 62

pharengeal tympanic tube

Front 63

The _____ _____ is in the middle of the _____ in the inner ear and opens the _____ on the cochlea side.

Back 63

oval window, stapes, sala vestibula

Front 64

Balance is delivered to the _____ _____ first, then to the _____, and finally to the _____.

Back 64

brain stem, thalamus, rest of the cortex

Front 65

_____ ______ is a mismatch between visual and equilibrium input to the brain.

Back 65

motion sickness

Front 66

_____ are stones ontop of hair cells that help with equilibrium.

Back 66

otoliths

Front 67

_____ deafness occurs when something hampers sound conduction to the fluids of the internal ear.

Back 67

conduction

Front 68

Along with conduction deafness, damage to the ____ also causes deafness.

Back 68

nerve

Front 69

The _____ nerve is the first synapse in the medulla

Back 69

vestibularcochlear

Front 70

In the US, employees must wear ear protection at _____ db or higher.

Back 70

90

Front 71

_____ is not a type of taste bud.

Back 71

filiform

Front 72

_____ is a degeneration disease of the olfactory nerve. causes an inability to smell.

Back 72

anosmiasis

Front 73

_____ _____ are part of the retina

Back 73

cilliary bodies

Front 74

_____ muscles are located on the bottom of the eye.

Back 74

Inferior

Front 75

_____ muscles are located on the top of the eye.

Back 75

Superior

Front 76

_____ muscles are located on the inside of the eye.

Back 76

medial

Front 77

_____ muscles are located on the outside of the eye.

Back 77

lateral