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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Landmarks: concepts
Abdomen only has bony landmarks at extreme ... and ... ends. ... of abdomen is less extensive than interior, as interior extends upward under diaphragm and inferiorly into ‘false’ pelvis. |
superior
inferior Surface |
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... peritoneum covers the inside of the abdominal wall
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parietal
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round ligament of liver = ...
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ligament of teres
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what ligament surrounds the inferior epigastric arteries and veins?
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lateral umbilical ligament
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... (in abdominal wall) = collection of dense irregular connective tissue that have a lining of peritoneum
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ligament
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in the fetal circulation, what brings oxygenated blood to the fetus?
what brings blood back to the maternal circulation? |
umbilical vein
umbilical artery |
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which ligament is the remnant of the (fetal) umbilical vein?
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round ligament (ligament of teres)
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hernias:
Passage of peritoneum through ... opening in structure. ... hernia most common: it is the herniation of peritoneum, fat or viscera through the inguinal area. |
abnormal
Inguinal |
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inguinal hernias:
Direct inguinal hernia: herniation directly through ... ring, without deep ring involvement. Indirect inguinal hernia: herniation through the ..., through both deep and superficial rings. |
superficial
spermatic cord |
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... - serous membrane that lines the walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities and covers surface of abdominal and pelvic organs
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peritoneum
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... peritoneum - lines walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities
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parietal
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... peritoneum - covers abdominal and pelvic organs
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visceral
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... is more extensive than pleura and serous pericardium --> it is related to many organs (not just one) --> it has a more complex arrangement
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peritoneum
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peritoneum can be regarded as a balloon (sac) into which organs are pressed from outside (especially from ... abdominal wall)
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posterior
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... - potential space between parietal and visceral layers (inside space of balloon/sac) --> contains small amount of serous fluid
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peritoneal cavity
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... organ - Almost totally covered with visceral peritoneum (no organ is actually within peritoneal cavity)
-ex.: jejunum, ileum, stomach, spleen, transverse colon. |
intraperitoneal
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... organ - Located posterior to peritoneal sac (between peritoneal sac and posterior abdominal wall) --> only anterior surface of organ is covered with peritoneum.
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retroperitoneal
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... Organ:
Most of duodenum and pancreas, ascending and descending colon, kidneys, abdominal aorta, IVC |
Retroperitoneal
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ligament: two-layered ... that connects a solid viscera to abdominal wall or another viscera --> does not consist of dense fibrous connective tissue as ligaments associated with joints
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peritoneal fold
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... - peritoneal fold that connects liver to anterior abdominal wall (above umbilicus) and diaphragm.
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Falciform ligament
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... - peritoneal folds that connect liver to diaphragm.
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Coronary ligaments
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... - peritoneal fold that connects spleen to left kidney
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Splenorenal ligament
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... - peritoneal fold that connects stomach to spleen
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Gastrosplenic ligament
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...: two-layered peritoneal fold that connects stomach to another organ
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Omentum
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... - Connects lesser curvature of stomach and
1st part of duodenum to visceral (inferior) surface of liver |
lesser omentum
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Lesser Omentum has 2 parts:
... ligament - stomach to liver and ... ligament - duodenum to liver |
hepatogastric
hepatoduodenal |
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... - Has a right free border that contains ducts, blood and lymph vessels and nerves traveling to and from liver
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Hepatoduodenal Ligament
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... - Hangs down from stomach, like an “apron”, in front of coils of jejunum and ileum --> usually contains large amounts of fat
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Greater Omentum
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Greater Omentum:
Two anterior layers descend from greater curvature, fold back on themselves and ascend (forming 2 posterior layers) to attach to ... colon --> space between 2 anterior and 2 posterior layers is obliterated |
transverse
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... - Two-layered peritoneal fold that connects a part of the intestines to posterior abdominal wall --> allows blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves to reach organ from posterior abdominal wall.
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Mesentery
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Parts of intestines that have mesentery are more mobile and are ....
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intraperitoneal
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Mesentery of small intestine --> connects coils of jejunum and ileum to ... abdominal wall
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posterior
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... : (mesentery of transverse colon) --> connects transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall
... - (mesentery of sigmoid colon) --> connects sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal and pelvic walls |
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon |
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Mesenteries have a ... (posterior border attached to posterior abdominal wall) and a free border (encloses part of intestines)
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root
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... - peritoneal pouch located posterior to lesser omentum and stomach
-it is arranged like a rubber hot-water bottle with its neck facing to the right. -Projects superiorly as far as diaphragm. -Projects inferiorly between anterior and posterior layers of greater omentum for a short distance (due to adherence of anterior and posterior layers). -Left margin = spleen, gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments. |
Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa)
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Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa)
Right margin --> ... foramen (opening of lesser sac) --> only communication of lesser sac --> communicates lesser sac with greater sac (remaining of peritoneal cavity) |
epiploic
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what are the 3 main structures that make up the anterior boundary of the epiploic foramen?
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portal vein
hepatic artery proper bile duct |
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what is the posterior boundary of the epiploic foramen?
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inferior vena cava
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what is the superior border of the epiploic foramen?
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caudate lobe of liver
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what is the inferior border of the epiploic foramen?
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1st part of duodenum
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1 median umbilical fold --> covers median umbilical ligament which is a fibrous cord that extends from apex of ... to umbilicus --> it is a remnant of ... of embryo (when its lumen obliterates in the embryo, it is called ...; in the adult it is known as median umbilical ligament)
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urinary bladder
allantois urachus |
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2 medial umbilical folds (1 on each side) --> cover medial umbilical ligaments, which are 2 fibrous cords that ascend from the ... to umbilicus --> represent distal, obliterated parts of umbilical arteries
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pelvis
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2 lateral umbilical folds (1 on each side) --> cover ... vessels
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inferior epigastric
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...: located between median and medial umbilical folds --> formed as peritoneum reflects from anterior abdominal wall onto urinary bladder --> its level rises and falls with filling and emptying of bladder
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supravesical fossa
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...: located between medial and lateral umbilical folds --> potential site for direct inguinal hernia
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medial inguinal fossa
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...: located lateral to lateral umbilical fold --> site of deep inguinal ring --> potential site for indirect inguinal hernia
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lateral inguinal fossa
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Transverse colon and its mesentery (transverse mesocolon) divides abdominal cavity into ... and ... compartments
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supracolic
infracolic |
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supracolic compartment: located above transverse colon and its mesentery --> contains ..., ... and ...
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stomach
liver spleen |
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infracolic compartment: located below transverse colon and its mesentery
-contains most of ... and ... intestines. -is divided into right and left infracolic spaces by mesentery of ... intestine. |
small
large small |
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There is free communication between supracolic and infracolic compartments via ... (grooves between lateral aspects of ascending and descending colon and abdominal wall).
-also acts as an area where infection can spread |
paracolic gutters
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Nerves and dermatomes of the abdominal wall:
Spinal nerves run between ... and ... Lateral cutaneous branches to lateral side Anterior cutaneous branches to anterior surface ... to Xiphoid ... to Umbilicus ...: divided into Iliohypogastric N. Ilioinguinal N. |
internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis T7 T10 L1 |
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(Sympathetic? or Parasympathetic ?) ganglia are found in the walls of organs
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parasympathetic
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Nerve Supply of Peritoneum:
Pain can be elicited by mechanical, chemical or thermal stimulation of parietal peritoneum, but usually only by stretching ... peritoneum (due to overdistension of a viscus or pulling on a ...). Pain originating from ... peritoneum is usually severe and well localized. Pain originating from ... peritoneum is usually dull and poorly localized Visceral peritoneum --> visceral sensory fibers that travel with sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves that supply ... |
visceral
mesentery parietal visceral organs |
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Entering the GI tract, the stomach, duodenum, pancreas, plus liver, gall bladder and spleen, make up the region known as the ...
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foregut
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beginning of the gut tube:
The epithelium of the gut arises from the .... As the brain grows rostrally, the gut tube is pulled .... |
endoderm
anteriorly |
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The gut becomes divided into three segments:
rostral to the vitelline duct is the ..., adjacent to the vitelline duct is the ..., and posterior to it is the .... |
foregut
midgut hindgut |
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Foregut:
gives rise to esophagus, stomach, duodenum (as far as opening of bile duct), liver and biliary ducts, and pancreas; supplied by branches of ...; receive sympathetic innervation from ... receive parasympathetic innervation from ... nerve (mainly the ... one) |
celiac trunk
celiac ganglion vagus left |