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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is mountain building exogenic or endogenic? |
Endogenic |
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Is denudation exogenic or endogenic? |
exogenic |
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What is denudation? |
The weathering process that strips away rock material |
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What do rocks look like when endogenic processes are stronger than exogenic forces? |
jagged and rugged |
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What do rocks look like when exogenic forces are stronger than endogenic forces? |
smooth |
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Long term which is stronger, endogenic or exogenic forces? |
neither |
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What are the three processes that bring rock material to base level |
Erosion Transportation Deposition |
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What are the main processes for land mass denudation |
Weathering Mass movement Erosion Transportation Deposition |
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What is base level? |
lowest relief possible by denudation |
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What is a relief? |
Highest point - lowest point |
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What is bedrock? |
solid rock |
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What is regolith? |
fractured bedrock |
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What is sediment? |
transportable material |
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What is a local/ regional fault? |
A crack with displacement |
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What is a local joint? |
crack with no displacement |
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What are the 5 processes that disintegrate rock |
Hydration Thermal expansion/ contraction Salt crystallization Frost action Exfoliation |
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When a rock is wetted or heated, what occurs? |
expansion |
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When a rock is dried or cooling what occurs? |
contraction |
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Long term, after wetting/ drying and heating/ cooling rock material what occurs? |
Rock fractures |
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When an aquifer is on top of a aquitard and slightly acidic rain pours and dries, it is part of what process? |
Salt crystallization |
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Salt crystallization occurs in what type of area? |
Arid dessert |
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What is frost wedging? |
When snow slips between rocks, expands and pushes it out of place |
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The process by which water within rocks freezes and shatters rocks |
Frost action |
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What is exfoliation? |
When a rock formed under the surface comes up and fractures due to expansion from lack of pressure |
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What are the 5 forms of chemical weathering? |
Spheroidal Hydration Hydrolysis Oxidation Carbonation and/or dissolution |
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What is spherical weathering? |
When jagged rock becomes smooth through fluid weathering |
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What is hydrolysis |
When the H separates from H20 and ***** up the rock |
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What is Oxidation? |
When cementing iron gets ****** up by oxygen |
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What is Dissolution |
When slightly acidic water breaks rock down into fine grains (E.g gravestone erosion) |
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How does a tree aid in biological weathering |
It plants itself between the cracks and causes spreading as it grows |
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How does moss cause biological weathering |
It is just in the surface but it is slightly acidic |
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How do moles cause weathering? |
Moves **** around. Might cause oxidation through tunneling |
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What type of rocks do weak acids effect? |
rocks containing calcite |
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How does climate affect weathering? And where does this happen most? |
temperature and moisture Moist warm climates |
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Concrete below ground will usually erode faster them concrete above ground because of A) Carbonic acid solution attacks concrete B) water is more abundant in the soil C) exfoliation is more likely to occur below ground level D)A and B |
D |
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True or false. Fertilizers maintain soil fertility and productivity into the distant future - even if soil is eroding |
False |
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In many climates, the A horizon is usually ____ underlying layers because _____ |
Darker than Contains humus |
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Nearly flat ground became saturated and began to move at 16 mph. The rock is composed of silts and clay. What kind of mass movement is this? |
Earth flow |
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A sandstone bed underlies a coal bed on a hill with soil creep. Where would you dig to get the coal? |
Above the highest piece of sandstone seen in the soil |
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What is ground water mining? |
removing ground water faster than it can be replaced |
