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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Social Contract |
An implicit agreement among the members of a society |
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Implicit |
Understood but not stated directly |
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Group Property |
A characteristic that a group of people have even though the individual members may lack (not have) this characteristic |
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Liberty |
The ability to make choices and act on them |
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Equality of Opportunity |
When people have the same access or choices regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, etc. |
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Equality of Condition |
Everybody has the same amount of wealth or material goods |
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Harm Principle |
You should be allowed to do whatever you want as long as it doesn't harm another person |
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Paternalistic Law |
Law that is supposed to be for your own good; supposed to protect you from harm you might do to yourself |
Seatbelt laws |
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Utopia |
An ideal society |
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Communism |
The system in which property is owned communally instead of privately |
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Natural Lottery |
The genetic distribution of talents and assets |
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Distributive Justice |
Concerns how wealth is distributed |
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Retributive Justice |
Concerns law and punishment |
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Free Will |
The ability to make choices that are up to you |
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Determinism |
The view that every event, including every human choice, has a prior cause |
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Introspection |
The ability to look inward at your own mind |
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Infinite Regress |
A series that goes back forever |
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Reduction |
Occurs when phenomenon at one scientific level is explained in terms of a more basic science |
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Occam's Razor |
Says the simplest explanation is usually the correct one |
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Problem of Interaction |
Asks how can a non-physical mind causally interact with a physical body |
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Principle of the Conservation of Matter and Energy |
Says that the total matter and energy in a system remains constant |
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Artificial Intelligence |
A research program aimed at creating machines that simulate intelligent behavior |
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Turing Test |
A test of computer intelligence |
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Egalitarian |
Thinks that private property is the source of most social problems |
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Elitist |
There is such a thing as excellence and it should be rewarded |
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Contractor |
Society is based on rational agreement among individuals |
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Organicist |
Society is like an organism that exerts a non-rational influence on its members |
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Libertarian |
We value liberty above all things |
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Paternalist |
We are willing to sacrifice liberty for our own good or to promote a code of public morals |
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Capitalist |
Capitalism is just because it promotes freedom and responsibility |
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Socialist |
Capitalism is unjust because it promotes greed, dishonesty, and exploitation |
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Rights Defender |
Every human being has the same basic rights |
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Rights Skeptic |
There are no absolute or universal rights |
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Materialist |
The mind is equal to, or equivalent to, the brain; they are one and the same |
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Dualist |
We have a non-physical mind and a physical body, including the brain, that causally interact |
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Hard Determinist |
Determinism is true and we do not have free will; determinism = yes, free will = no |
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Metaphysical Libertarian |
We can tell through introspection that we have free will so determinism must be false; determinism = no, free will = yes |
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Soft Determinist |
Determinism is true but we still have free will when our choices are self-caused; determinism = yes, free will = yes |
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Incompatibilist |
Determinism and free will are not compatible, it's one or the other |
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Excuser |
We are never responsible for anything we do |
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Judge |
You are responsible for something if you caused it, if you intended to cause it, if you are sane, and if you have a choice |
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Mechanist |
Computers already think; they already do many of the functions/actions that we consider thinking |
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Mentalist |
Computers do not think now and they never will |
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