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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why did Woodrow Wilson involve the United States in Mexico’s revolutionary turmoil? |
* refused to recognize any government that used force to gain power
* stationed US warships off Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico * wanted to “teach South American republics to elect good men” * sailors quickly released * Wilson backed him up by sending 6,000 troops * occupied city at a cost of 19 American lives and 200 Mexican troops |
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Why did the United States enter the Great War in Europe? |
* threat of depression in the beginning because of war
* Allie’s demand for food and supplies created economic boom for US * US was secretly loaning money to Allies and intended on it being paid back * declared war on Germany * British propaganda started public outcry * Germany kept consistently breaking neutrality agreement |
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How did Wilson promote his peace plan? |
* Wilson’s trusted advisor
* assigned to shuttled diplomacy * sent to Britain to inform gov’t that US will offer moral support if Germany rejected diplomatic initiative * stated if effort for remediation fails, the US would be morally committed to England’s side * Wilson goes to Congress and outlines ideas about America’s position at the end of war * demands based on the supposition that the Allies would win the war * core of the Treaty of Versailles * treaties should be negotiated publicly, never privately * no popular with England; most powerful Navy in the world * Required US and Britain as active enforcers * Needs to be define submarine warfare * Wilson claiming the seas can be open in war just as they are in peace * have to look at the definition of blockade * Problem: Freedom of the seas requires power and the ability to enforce it * Wilson wanted economy to be global and free * the larger the military power, the more prone you are to go to war * US already had a small, outdated military * can only take place with international conferences and agreements * can’t negotiate from a position of weakness * impartial adjustment of colonial claims based upon the people involved * England recognized the need for common wealth status * ended up giving colonies to Japan * called on Central powers to evacuate occupied lands and to allow various overlapping nationalities and ethnic groups to develop their own new nation-states * creation of independent nation for the Poles * called for a League of Nations |
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What were the consequences of the war at home and abroad? |
* democrats ended up taking control over both houses of Congress
* World War I sped up American industrial production, leading to an economic boom throughout the 'Roaring Twenties.' * circumstances thrust the United States into a position as world leaders * payments by Germany that would keep it dangerously weak and impoverished * Russian * Austro-Hungarian * German * Ottoman (Turkey) * one part of Austria-Hungary turned into Czechoslovakia * part of Serbia turned into Yugoslavia * gave Poland an outlet to the sea via German territory * Germany left in debt to England and France; England and France in debt to US * helped bring about the Russian Revolution of 1917 |
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What was the relationship between big business and gov’t in the 1920’s? |
* Lower taxes
* Higher tariffs * Anti-unionism |
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What accounted for the nativism of the 1920’s? |
* Communism no longer a theory
* concern in US about Bolshevism * American Communist party * Bomb Plots * Italian Immigrants who robbed a bank and killed two men * Eventually executed because of the heritage |
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What contributed to the economic boom of the 1920’s? |
* US industry had been boosted by the war
* letting things take their course * achieved by passing a new law called the Fordney - McCumber Tarriff Act in 1922 * encouraged Americans to buy goods made in the USA * led to a Boom or an increase in the amount of goods being made and sold by American businesses. * Henry Ford- assembly line * Hire Purchase - people could buy on credit * massive consumer spending. |
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What was modernism, and how did it influence American culture? |
* both a mood and a movement
* recognized that Western civilization had entered an era of change * traditional ways of thinking and creating art were being rejected and replaced with new understandings and forms of expression * anarchical cultural revolt against conventional tastes in art, literature, drama, music, dance, and architecture * viewed reality as a subjective realm * found the subconscious regions of the psyche more interesting * more potent than the traditional focus on reason, common sense, and logic * interest in ugly and crude elements of life transformed dynamics of 20th century culture * culture wars almost as violent as combat during WW 1 * delivered a blow to the widespread belief that Western civilization was progressing * war disillusioned many young people * turned backs on mainstream American life * John scopes * prosecutor was William Bryan * trial was a circus maximus * Scope declared guilty * case thrown out on a technicality * Fundamentalist were isolated |
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How did new systems of distribution, Marketing, and Mass Communication shape American culture? |
* change in the way Americans were thinking
* wanted to get away from the city * highways were built * high rises * department stores * commuters * mass public transit * produced a discretionary dollar that afforded them to buy new products * vacuum cleaner * automobile * refrigerator * washing machine * trendsetter * went to speakeasies during the day * smoked in public * buying on credit * ABC * NBC * CBS * gave listener better access to programing * 1929- 12 million people owned radios * Roosevelt’s fireside chats * cosmetics * fashion * appliances * expressed trends via newspaper/magazines * America became better informed * form of mass communication * helped to promote cultural experiences * actors |
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What caused the Great Depression? |
* Farmer
* assembly line * productivity increased * automobile * construction * real estate * petroleum * plastics * chemicals * profits going to managers and owners * saw factories making money and going to expansion * more produced=more $ * real-estate * people too poor to buy things that they needed * a dollar down and a dollar a week * failed to keep up * people over their heads in debt * indebtedness of economy was 76 billion in 1920’s and rose to 106 billion by 1929 * no foreign exchange * Germany began to suffer from reparations * England and France suffered from debt to US * found Germany being bled dry * could have counteracted the rise of HItler * Europe in depression simultaneously with US |
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Woodrow Wilson |
* ambitious and successful Progressive agenda, centered around protecting the public from exploitation by trusts, earned him national recognition, |
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Why did the Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles? |
* Republican
* able to obtain 39 signatures to block ratification of Treaty * concerns that the League would erode US sovereignty and pull the US into further wars * worried about the collective security provisions in the League of Nations charter * felt that the US might be forced to go to war in order to protect other nations that were invaded * felt that the League of Nations would reduce America’s ability to control its own foreign policy and would potentially involve the country in unnecessary wars * could possibly revive German militarism |
