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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pyruvate carboxylase requires which of the following for enzymatic activity?
TPP Pyruvate Biotin NADH FADH |
Biotin
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NADH comes from ...
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TCA cycle
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FADH2 comes from ...
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succinate dehydrogenase (complex #2)
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the purpose of the ETC is to capture and use ... from 2 redox reactions to make ATP
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energy
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Take glucose, FA, AA, funnel into ..., strip carbons away, run em down the ... (to generate ATP)
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TCA cycle
ETC |
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energy production happens in the ...
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mitochondrion
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stalks located on inner membrane = ... - takes ADP, and generates ATP from energy from the ETC -> does ... (as opposed to substrate level phosphorylation in TCA cycle)
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ATP synthase
oxidative phosphorylation |
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which group do the components of the electron transport chain belong to?
components: -NADH dehydrogenase (complex 1) -CoQ (Ubiquinone) -Cytochrome b-c1 complex (complex 3) -cytochrome c -cytochrome oxidase (complex 4) -succinate dehydrogenase (complex 2) groups: (3)span the inner membrane (2)associated with membrane but do not span the membrane (1)does not span the membrane either |
Span the inner membrane
-NADH -cytochrome oxidase -cytochrome b-c complex associated w/ but does not span the membrane: -cytochrome c -CoQ does not span the membrane either -succinate dehydrogenase |
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Heme molecule (cytochromes)
-electrons are carried on the ... -can deal with ... (including either electrons or oxygen) |
iron
high energy |
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... is the ultimate acceptor of electrons
NADH is mixed with ubiquinone. When we have this redox chemical reaction, we get large ... free energy. Can be used to generate an .... Ubiquinone to cytochrome C Cytochrome C to oxygen. |
Oxygen
negative ATP |
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Lots of energy available to do energy ...
Complex # 1, 3, and 4 all span the ... Don’t get very much energy out of complex #2 reaction, does not span the mitochondrial membrane There is a tie in between the mitochondrial membrane and ... production |
biosynthesis
mitochondrial membrane energy |
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Chemo-osmotic theory:
Building a proton gradient (electrochemical gradient) between the ... and .... Increasing proton concentration in ..., pH is going down ... = ability of protons to move Tremendous amount of energy across this membrane |
matrix
inner membrane space inner membrane space Proton motive force |
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which 3 complexes span the inner membrane ?
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complex 1 (NADH dehydrogenase)
complex 3 (Cytochrome b-c1) complex 4 (cytochrome oxidase) |
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all of the following are electron carriers in the electron transport chain except:
cytochrome C coenzyme Q hemoglobin Fe-S centers riboflavin |
hemoglobin
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Complex 1 = NADH dehydrogenase, strips ... off NADH and pumps a ... across the inner membrane over to the intermembrane space
This ... the pH in the intermembrane space The process is repeated |
electrons
proton drops |
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ETC does nothing more than build an ... between the matrix and the intermembrane space
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electrochemical gradient
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after complex 1, electrons are then transferred to ...
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CoQ
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CoQ stays in the membrane, and passes those electrons to ..., which passes it to ... --> energy release which is used to pump a proton across complex 3
CoQ is an ..., does not pump protons |
complex 3
cytochrome c electron carrier |
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cytochrome C pumps electrons to ...
Cytochrome oxidase (complex 4) takes 4 electrons, and 2 protons and glues them on to ... Intermembrane space pH is ... relative to the matrix |
complex #4
oxygen dropping |
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This membrane is very tightly controlling the flow of ... (or anything that passes the mitochondria's membrane for that matter)
Use proton’s ... energy and run it through the ... -> kinetic energy ATP is generated |
protons
potential ATP synthase |
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Taking electron transport chain and building a ..., which is then used by ... to undergo ...
2 pathways: ETC – sole job is to build proton gradient ATP synthase – uses proton gradient to generate ATP (oxidative phosphorylation) These 2 pathways are linked by the ... |
proton gradient
ATP synthase oxidative phosphorylation proton gradient |
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... - (physical link between TCA and ETC)
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Succinate dehydrogenase
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what are these?
succinate barbituates (amytal, rotenone) antimycin A cyanide azide carbon monoxide |
inhibitors of ETC
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succinate inhibits complex # ...
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2
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barbituates (amytal, rotenone) inhibit complex # ...
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1
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antimycin A inhibits complex # ...
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3
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cyanide, azide, and carbon monoxide inhibits complex # ...
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4
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barbituate users will ... the ETC, but won't completely shut it down
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compromise
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if you inhibit at complex 3, will the ETC shut down or be compromised?
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shut down
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atractyloside secondarily stops ETC by inhibiting ..., which causes a back up of ATP inside the matrix
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ATP/ADP translocase
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what is this?
Makes a hole in the membrane. Protons flow through in an uncontrolled fashion. Protons start to drain out. ETC chain senses this and turns on. People breath rapidly, have elevated temperatures. It speeds everything up. (inhibitor stops things) |
uncoupler
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... is an example of an uncoupler
Aspirin in huge doses can also act as uncouplers could potentially affect their ETC |
thermogenin (UCP)
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Atractyloside inhibits which of the following?
pyruvate dehydrogenase succinate dehydrogenase ATP-ADP translocase NADH dehydrogenase Cytochrome oxidase |
ATP-ADP translocase
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